List of princes of Transylvania
This is a list of the princes of Transylvania.
List of princes
Sixteenth century
| Reign | Portrait | Prince | Birth | Marriage | Death | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1570–1571 |  |
John Sigismund Zápolya | 7 July 1540 Buda son of John I of Hungary and Isabella of Poland |
died unmarried | 14 March 1571 Gyulafehérvár
|
former elected king of Hungary (1540–1551, 1559–1570) | [1][2] |
| 1576–1586 |  |
Stephen Báthory | 27 Sept 1533 |
Anna of Poland (1576) childless |
12 December 1586 Grodno |
former king of Poland (1576–1586)
|
[3][4][5] |
| 1586–1598 |  |
Sigismund Báthory | 1572 Várad son of Christopher Báthory and Erzsébet Bocskai |
Maria Christina of Austria (1595) childless |
27 March 1613 |
first reign; Prince Ratibor
|
[3][6][7] |
| 1598 | Transylvania is administered by imperial commissioners in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor | [8] | |||||
| 1598–1599 | |
Sigismund Báthory | 1572 Várad son of Christopher Báthory and Erzsébet Bocskai |
Maria Christina of Austria (1595) childless |
27 March 1613 |
second reign; abdicated in favor of his cousin, Andrew Báthory |
[6][8] |
| 1599 |  |
Andrew Báthory | 1566 Szilágysomlyó son of Andrew Báthory and Margit Majláth |
unmarried | 3 November 1599 Csikszentdomokos (Sândominic) |
nephew of Prince battle of Sellemberk
|
[9][10] |
| 1599–1600 | Transylvania is administered by Voivode locum tenens of the emperor.
|
[11][12][13] | |||||
Seventeenth century
| Reign | Portrait | Prince | Birth | Marriage | Death | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1600–1601 | Transylvania is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor | [11] | |||||
| 1601–1602 | |
Sigismund Báthory | 1572 Várad (Oradea) son of Christopher Báthory and Erzsébet Bocskai |
Maria Christina of Austria (1595) childless |
27 March 1613 |
third reign; fled abroad following his defeat by General Giorgio Basta and battle of Goroszló , but before long he returnedabdicated |
[6][14] |
| 1601–1603 | Transylvania (or parts of Transylvania) is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor | [15] | |||||
| 1603 |  |
Moses Székely | c. 1553 Lövéte (Lueta) son of János Székely |
unknown (1st marriage) Anna Kornis (2nd marriage) (c. 1585) 1 child |
17 July 1603 by Brassó
|
backed by the Radu Şerban of Wallachia and his Székely allies
|
[15][16] |
| July 1603–September 1603 | Transylvania was ruled by Radu Şerban of Wallachia who held the title of voivode
|
[17] | |||||
| September 1603–1604 | Transylvania is administered by General Giorgio Basta in the name of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor | [18] | |||||
| 1605–1606 |  |
Stephen Bocskai | 1 January 1557 Kolozsvár (Cluj-Napoca) son of George Bocskai and Krisztina Sulyok |
Kata Hagymássy (1583) childless |
29 December 1606 Kassa |
maternal uncle of Prince Sigismund Báthory; elected prince of Hungary (1605–1606) |
[19][20] |
| 1607–1608 |  |
Sigismund Rákóczi | 1544 Felsővadász son of János Rákócsi and Sára Némethy |
Judit Bekény (1st marriage) (1587) 1 child Anna Gerendi (2nd marriage) (1592) 3 children Borbála Telegdy (3rd marriage) (1596) childless |
5 December 1608 Felsővadász |
baron (1588); abdicated in favor of Gabriel Báthory father of George I Rákóczi |
[21][22] |
| 1608–1613 |  |
Gabriel Báthory | 15 August 1589 Várad (Oradea) son of Stephen Báthory and Zsuzsanna Bebek |
Anna Palocsai-Horváth (1607) childless |
27 October 1613 Várad (Oradea) |
his father is a nephew of Prince Stephen Báthory, himself is Prince Andrew Báthory's nephew; also voivode of Wallachia (1611); expelled by Ottoman troops assisting Gabriel Bethlen; murdered by Hajdu assassins |
[23][24] |
| 1613–1629 |  |
Gabriel Bethlen | 15 November 1580 Marosillye son of Farkas Bethlen and Druzsina Lázár de Szárhegy |
Zsuzsanna Károlyi (1st marriage) (1605) 3 children (all died) Catherine of Brandenburg (1626) childless |
15 November 1629 Gyulafehérvár
|
elected by Ottoman assistance; also ] are joined to the principality for his lifetime |
[25][26] |
| 1629–1630 |  |
Catherine of Brandenburg | 28 May 1604 Brandenburg an der Havel[verification needed] daughter of John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg and Anna of Prussia |
Gabriel Bethlen (1st marriage) (1626) childless Francis Charles of Saxe-Lauenburg (1639) |
27 August 1649 Schöningen |
Prince Gabriel Bethlen's widow; her right to success his husband confirmed in his life (1626) by the Diet; usually referred to as "prince" instead of "princess"; abdicated |
[27][28][29] |
| 1630 |  |
Stephen Bethlen | 1584 son of Farkas Bethlen and Druzsina Lázár de Szárhegy |
Krisztina ] | 10 January 1648 Ecsed
|
Prince Gabriel Bethlen's brother; elected by the Diet, but later opposed by George I Rákóczi | [27][30] |
| 1630–1648 |  |
George I Rákóczi | 8 June 1593 Szerencs son of Sigismund Rákóczi and Anna Gerendi |
Zsuzsanna Lorántffy (1616) 4 children |
11 October 1648 Gyulafehérvár
|
Prince Sigismund Rákóczi's son | [31] |
| 1648–1657 |  |
George II Rákóczi | 30 January 1621 Sárospatak son of George I Rákóczi and Zsuzsanna Lorántffy |
Sophia Báthory (1643) 2 children |
7 June 1660 Várad (Oradea) |
first reign; Prince Mehmed Köprülü
|
[32][33] |
| (not installed) | .jpg) |
Francis I Rákóczi | 24 February 1645 |
Countess Ilona Zrínyi (1666) 4 children |
8 July 1676 Zboró |
elected prince by the Diet in his father's life (1652) in recognition of his right to succession; never installed because of his father's fall |
[34] |
| 1657–1658 |  |
Francis Rhédey | 1610 Várad (Oradea) son of Francis Rhédey and Kata Károlyi |
Druzsina Bethlen de Bethlen 1 child |
7 May 1667 Huszt
|
elected prince by the Diet against George II Rákóczi on the order of the Sublime Porte | [35] |
| 1658 | |
George II Rákóczi | 30 January 1621 Sárospatak son of George I Rákóczi and Zsuzsanna Lorántffy |
Sophia Báthory (1643) 2 children |
7 June 1660 Várad (Oradea) |
second reign; elected again prince by the Diet; expelled by Ottoman troops |
[32] |
| 1658–1659 |  |
Ákos Barcsay | c. 1610 son of Sándor Barcsay and Erzse Palatics |
Erzsébet Szalánczy (1st marriage) childless Izabella Bánffy (1660) childless |
July 1661 Kozmatelke
|
first reign; appointed by the vilajet of Temesvár , his opponent returned to the principality
|
[36] |
| 1659–1660 |  |
George II Rákóczi | 30 January 1621 Sárospatak son of George I Rákóczi and Zsuzsanna Lorántffy |
Sophia Báthory (1643) 2 children |
7 June 1660 Várad (Oradea) |
third reign; elected again prince by the Diet; defeated in a battle at Szászfenes
|
[32] |
| 1660 | |
Ákos Barcsay | c. 1610 son of Sándor Barcsay and Erzse Palatics |
Erzsébet Szalánczy (1st marriage) childless Izabella Bánffy (1660) childless |
July 1661 Kozmatelke
|
second reign; reinstalled by the Sublime Porte; abdicated |
[36] |
| 1661–1662 |  |
John Kemény
|
14 December 1607 Magyarbükkös son of Balthasar Kemény and Zsófia Tornyi |
Zsuzsa Kállai (1st marriage) (1632) 1 child[verification needed] Anna Lónyay (1659) 1 child[verification needed] |
22 January 1662 Nagyszőllős (Seleuș) |
[37] | |
| 1661–1690 |  |
Michael I Apafi | 3 November 1632 Ebesfalva son of George Apafi and Borbála Petki |
Anna Bornemissza 9 children |
15 April 1690 Fogaras
|
[38] | |
| 1690–1696 or 1701 |  |
Michael II Apafi | 13 October 1676 Anna Bornemissza
|
Countess Kata Bethlen (1694) childless |
1 February 1713 Vienna |
Prince Michael I Apafi's son; elected prince by the Diet in his father's life (1681) in recognition of his right to succession; never installed, since he was taken in 1696 by force to Vienna because of his marriage without the previous approval of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor; abdicated of his title in 1701 |
[39] |
| 1690 |  |
Emeric Thököly | 25 September 1657 Késmárk son of Count Stephen Thököly and Mária Gyulaffi |
Countess Ilona Zrínyi (1683) 2 children |
13 February 1705 İzmit |
Declared vassal king of Upper Hungary by Sultan Mehmed IV, never elected and crowned.[citation needed] | [40] |
Eighteenth century
| Reign | Portrait | Prince | Birth | Marriage | Death | Notes | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1704–1711 |  |
Francis II Rákóczi | 27 March 1676 Borsi son of Francis I Rákóczi and Countess Ilona Zrínyi |
Charlotte Amalie of Hessen-Rheinfels-Wanfried (1694) 4 children |
8 April 1735 Tekirdağ |
Prince Francis I Rákóczi's son | [41] |
See also
- List of rulers of Transylvania
- List of consorts of Transylvania
Footnotes
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 110.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 252., 259-260.
- ^ a b Szegedi 2009, p. 101.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 99-100.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 260., 264-265.
- ^ a b c Markó 2000, pp. 101-102.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 263., 293-295.
- ^ a b Barta 1994, p. 295.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 97-98.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 295-296.
- ^ a b Barta 1994, p. 296.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 112-113.
- ^ Pop 2009, pp. 82-83.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 296-297.
- ^ a b Barta 1994, p. 297.
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 120.
- ISBN 9789737784124.
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 97.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 104-105.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 293., 298-299.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 118-119.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 304-305.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 98-99.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 305-309.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 102-103.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 321-324.
- ^ a b Markó 2000, p. 104.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 314-315., 325-326.
- ^ Deák 2009, pp. 82-83., 85., 88., 93.
- ^ Barta 1994, p. 326.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 115-117.
- ^ a b c Markó 2000, pp. 117-118.
- ^ Barta 1994, pp. 352., 356.
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 113.
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 119.
- ^ a b Markó 2000, pp. 96-97.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 110-111.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 94-95.
- ^ Markó 2000, p. 95.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 120–122.
- ^ Markó 2000, pp. 113-115.
References
- (in Hungarian) Bán, Péter (1989). Entry székely ispán in: Bán, Péter; Magyar történelmi fogalomtár, II. kötet: L–Zs ("Thesaurus of Terms of Hungarian History, Volume I: A–Zs"). Gondolat. ISBN 963-282-204-8.
- Barta, Gábor (1994). The Emergence of the Principality and its First Crises (1526–1606). In: Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit; History of Transylvania; Akadémiai Kiadó; ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
- Deák, Éva (2009). "Princeps non Principissa": Catherine of Brandenburg, Elected Prince of Transylvania (1630–1648). In: Cruz, Anne J.; Suzuki, Mihoko; The Rule of Women in Early Modern Europe; University of Illinois Press; ISBN 978-0-252-07616-9.
- (in Hungarian) Fallenbüchl, Zoltán (1988). Magyarország főméltóságai ("Great Officers of State in Hungary"). Maecenas Könyvkiadó. ISBN 963-02-5536-7.
- Felezeu, Călin (2009). The International Political Background (1541–1699) and The Legal Status of the Principality of Transylvania in Its Relations with the Ottoman Porte. In: Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András;
- Georgescu, Vlad (1991). The Romanians: A History. Ohio State University Press. ISBN 0-8142-0511-9.
- Makkai, László (1994). The Emergence of the Estates (1172–1526). In: Köpeczi, Béla; Barta, Gábor; Bóna, István; Makkai, László; Szász, Zoltán; Borus, Judit; History of Transylvania; Akadémiai Kiadó; ISBN 963-05-6703-2.
- (in Hungarian) Markó, László (2000). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon ("Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia"). Magyar Könyvklub. ISBN 963-547-085-1
- Pop, Ioan-Aurel (1999). Romanians and Romania: A Brief History. Boulder (distributed by Columbia University Press). ISBN 0-88033-440-1.
- Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2005). Romanians in the 14th–16th Centuries: From the "Christian Republic" to the "Restoration of Dacia". In: Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan; History of Romania: Compendium; Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). ISBN 978-973-7784-12-4.
- Pop, Ioan-Aurel (2009). Michael the Brave and Transylvania. In: Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András; The History of Transylvania, Vol. II. (From 1541 to 1711); Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies; ISBN 978-973-7784-43-8.
- Szegedi, Edit (2009). The birth and evolution of the Principality of Transylvania (1541–1690). In: Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Nägler, Thomas; Magyari, András; The History of Transylvania, Vol. II. (From 1541 to 1711); Romanian Academy, Center for Transylvanian Studies; ISBN 978-973-7784-43-8.
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