Lithobates

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Lithobates
Temporal range: Early Miocene–present
A close up of a male American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae
Genus: Lithobates
Fitzinger, 1843
Type species
Rana palmipes
, 1824
Species

7 to 50, depending on the definition

Synonyms

Lithobates is a genus of

Ranidae.[1] The name is derived from litho- (stone) and the Greek bates (βάτης, one that treads), meaning one that treads on rock, or rock climber.[2][3] As presently defined, it includes many of eastern North America's most familiar aquatic frog species, including the American bullfrog, green frog, and the leopard frogs
.

Systematics

The name was defined by Hillis and Wilcox (2005) for a subgenus of four Central and South American frogs within the genus Rana.[4][5] The subgenus was subsequently expanded to seven species in Central and South America in a systematic revision of the genus Rana.[6] The name was previously used by Frost et al. as a separate genus of ranid frogs that included most of the North American frogs traditionally included in the genus Rana,[7] including the American bullfrog and northern leopard frog. Frost used the name in this sense in the frog section of a North American common names list edited by Crother (2008).[8] This proposed change has since been rejected by others, such as Stuart (2008),[9] Pauly et al. (2009),[10] AmphibiaWeb,[11] and Yuan et al. (2016).[6] AmphibiaWeb, available at http://amphibiaweb.org/, an online compendium of amphibian names, follows Yuan et al. (2016) in recognizing Lithobates as a subgenus.[6] On the other hand, Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an online reference, uses Lithobates as a genus.[1] This definition is also followed by, e.g., the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)[12] and the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.[13]

The earliest known members of this genus are known from the Early Miocene of Florida, and appear to belong to the leopard frog species complex.[14]

Species

Recent species

These species are recognised in the genus Lithobates:[1]

Alternatively, if Lithobates is treated as a subgenus (neotropical true frogs), then this narrower definition would contain the following species:

Fossil species

The following fossil species are known, all assignable to the L. pipiens (leopard frog) complex:[14]

The species described in 1942 were previously placed in their own genus, Anchylorana.[14]

References

  1. ^ a b c Frost, Darrel R. (2016). "Lithobates Fitzinger, 1843". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  2. ISBN 978-1-4214-0633-6
    .
  3. Perseus Project
    one that treads or covers
  4. PMID 15619443. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2008-05-28.
  5. PMID 16997582
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 27288482
    .
  7. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2006): Amphibian Species of the World Version 3 - Petropedetidae Noble, 1931. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. Retrieved 2006-AUG-05., Frost, Darrel R. et al. (2006): The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. Number 297. New York.
  8. ^ Crother, B.I. (ed.) (2008): Scientific and standard English names of amphibians and reptiles of North American north of Mexico - "Standard and Common Names". Archived from the original on 2013-04-16. Retrieved 2012-04-28.. SSAR Herptological Circular 37:1-84.
  9. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2007.09.016
    (HTMl abstract)
  10. S2CID 283839. Archived from the original
    (PDF) on 2011-07-25.
  11. ^ AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. 2012. Berkeley, California: Rana
  12. ^ "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016-1". International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
  13. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4
    .
  14. ^ a b c Sanchiz, B. (2012-01-01). "Nomenclatural notes on living and fossil amphibians". Graellsia.
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