Long Point, Ontario
Long Point, Ontario | |
---|---|
Unincorporated hamlet in Norfolk County | |
519 and 226 | |
Website | www |
Official name | Long Point |
Designated | 24 May 1982 |
Reference no. | 237[1] |
Long Point is a sand spit and medium-sized hamlet on the north shore of Lake Erie, part of Norfolk County in the province of Ontario, Canada.
It is about 40 kilometres (25 mi) long and is about 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) across at its widest point. Lake Erie lies to the south of Long Point, and
History
Settlers from Europe began arriving in this area in 1790. After the American Revolution, many Loyalists began to settle here but after 1796, land was given to anyone who was capable of developing it. The first lighthouse was built in 1830.
In the 19th century, a powerful storm cut an opening through the middle of Long Point. A lighthouse was built alongside the channel, which was the first of several on the point. The opening became known as "The Old Cut". The cut has since closed along the lakeshore, but boaters continue to use the northern portion to reach the bay, homes and cottages.
During the mid-19th century some of local residents saw an opportunity to make easy money by "blackbirding." Blackbirders erected fake lighthouses during times of low visibility. Ships trying to enter the old cut would run aground. When the crew abandoned ship the blackbirders would loot the ship of cargo and other valuables. With law enforcement based in London, Ontario, these blackbirders would store their loot on the many hiding spots that Long Point offered.
Sport hunting was important after the Long Point Company purchased the Point in 1866 to facilitate this pursuit. Long Point Provincial Park was created in May 1921; by 1929, it was connected to the mainland by a new causeway.[2]
Economy and recreation
The year-round population of Long Point is about 450 people, but the population increases in summer months when cottagers and campers visit.[3] Long Point is popular destination for boating, swimming, fishing, waterfowl-hunting and canoeing, attracting between 100,000[3] and 300,000 visitors each year.[4] A large portion of Long Point is owned by the Long Point Company, a private organization that does not allow the public onto its property.[3] Because of this, most homes, cottages and business are within the first few kilometres of the causeway that carries the road between Long Point and the mainland.[3] Long Point Provincial Park, a popular destination for day visitors and campers, is located on the peninsula
Natural environment
Long Point is an example of
In 1982, the
Inner Long Point Bay covers approximately 78 km2 (30 sq mi) between the spit and Lake Erie's north shore. The Inner Bay is a diverse sport fishery and continentally important staging area for migratory waterfowl. Immediately adjacent to the coastal reserve is a distinctive terrestrial area of temperate 'Carolinian' broadleaf forests, conifer plantations, oak savannas and diverse agro-ecosystems.[4]
Wildlife
The region is an important location for bird migration in spring and autumn. It is a major staging area for a variety of waterfowl. "Long Point itself is one of the most important wetland complexes for migrating waterfowl in southern Canada, and is reported to receive the highest waterfowl use (based on numbers of waterfowl days during spring and fall migration) of any area on the Great Lakes (approximately 4 million days per year). Up to 30,000 Tundra Swans pass through the area in spring, and up to 8% of the world's Canvasbacks congregate in the area on any one day during spring and fall," according to a report by the Long Point World Biosphere Reserve.[7]
In 1960, the Long Point Bird Observatory was established to monitor migrant birds on the point. It is North America's oldest bird observatory. As a result of a growing national focus towards saving the birds, the organization was renamed
The Long Point Biosphere Reserve and surrounding area is home to 1384 species of plant, 370 species of birds, 102 species of fish, 46 species of mammals, 34 species of amphibians and reptiles, and 91 species of butterflies. These include
Climate
According to the Atlas of Canada, Long point has a cool summer humid continental climate with no dry season (Köppen climate classification Dfb).[3] The climate of Long Point is influenced by Lake Erie, causing spring and summer temperatures to be cooler, and autumn and winter temperatures to be warmer than the adjacent mainland.[8] Winters are relatively cool, with a mean temperature of 1 °C (33.8 °F) while summers are warm, averaging 22 °C (71.6 °F).[3][8] Long Point averages 860 mm (34 in) of precipitation per year.[8] It is estimated that Long Point averages 2,000 hours of bright sunshine per year or 45% of possible sunshine.[3]
Climate data for Long Point, Ontario (1981–2010 averages) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 0.5 (32.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
9.5 (49.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
23.5 (74.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
8.5 (47.3) |
2.6 (36.7) |
11.8 (53.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
0.8 (33.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
18.1 (64.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
21.6 (70.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
6.3 (43.3) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
9.3 (48.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −4.7 (23.5) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
3.2 (37.8) |
9.2 (48.6) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
9.6 (49.3) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
Source: Infoclimat.fr[9] |
Gallery
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The marshes of Long Point, as seen from the Provincial Park.
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A flock of gulls on the beach.
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View of a channel through the marsh in Long Point Bay.
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Map of theLake Erie Islandslocated near Long Point.
See also
- List of shipwrecks
- List of UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Canada
References
- ^ "Long Point". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ "Cultural Heritage Landscape and Built Heritage Study" (PDF). Norfolk County. 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-23. Retrieved 2018-09-23.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Three Wildlife Culverts (Ecopassages) on the Long Point Causeway between Lakeshore Rd and Erie Blvd, Long Point, Norfolk County Environmental Assessment Report" (PDF). The Corporation of Norfolk County. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 January 2016. Retrieved 8 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d e "Long Point | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". www.unesco.org (Used under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0, per WikiProject UNESCO's Create Biosphere Reserve Articles). Retrieved 2016-05-21.
- ^ "How Many Islands Are There in Lake Erie?" (PDF).
- Ministry of Natural Resources. Archived from the originalon 2006-12-18. Retrieved 2007-07-30.
- ^ "Waterfowl and Wetlands of Long Point Bay and Old Norfolk County: 8.0 Waterfowl Distribution and Abundance on Long Point Bay". longpointbiosphere.com. Long Point World Biosphere Reserve Foundation. Archived from the original on 2010-12-20. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
- ^ a b c "Canada 2: Long Point National Wildlife Area, Ontario: Information Sheet on Ramsar Wetlands" (PDF). Retrieved 8 November 2015.
- ^ "Normes et records pour la période 1981–2010 à Station météorologique de Long Point" (in French). Infoclimat. Archived from the original on 24 June 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2019.
Sources
- Lore and Legends of Long Point, Harry B. Barrett, Burns and MacEachearn 1977, ISBN 0968608019
- Long Point: Last Port of Call, ISBN 0-919783-59-7
- Waters Of Repose, ISBN 1-883658-19-5