Ludi Triumphales

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In the

ludi circenses) are recorded for September 18, which was also celebrated as the birthday (dies natalis) of the emperor Trajan.[3]

On the calendar

See also: September (Roman month)

The first day of the Ludi Triumphales—chosen in 335 for Constantine's elevation of his nephew as

Ides, a religiously fraught day that Constantine presumably wished to avoid.[6]

The

new years: the priestly year began in January, the national in March, and the political cycle in September,[8] which was also the beginning of the Imperial Roman tax year.[9] The nail-driving ceremony occurred on the anniversary (dies natalis) of the temple, in a sacred space (templum) devoted to Minerva, on the right side of the shrine (aedes) of Jupiter.[10]

Victory games

The Ludi Triumphales are one of nine imperial military victories recorded on the

Calendar of Filocalus (354 AD). Eight of these are connected to the Constantinian dynasty, since the celebration of victory games is usually confined to the dynasty. The Triumphales began with the unusually high number of circus races on the opening day of September 18.[11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Michael A. Fraser, "Constantine and the Encaenia," Studia Patristica (Peeters, 1997), vol 29, p. 26. The September date of the defeat is attested by an inscription (CIL I2 p. 272).
  2. ^ Michael McCormick, Eternal Victory: Triumphal Rulership in Late Antiquity, Byzantium and the Early Medieval West (Cambridge University Press, 1986, 1990), pp. 38–39.
  3. ^ Michele Renee Salzman, On Roman Time: The Codex Calendar of 354 and the Rhythms of Urban Life in Late Antiquity (University of California Press, 1990), p. 134.
  4. H.H. Scullard
    , Festivals and Ceremonies of the Roman Republic (Cornell University Press, 1981), pp. 182–183.
  5. ^ Fraser, "Constantine and the Encaenia," p. 26.
  6. ^ Fraser, "Constantine and the Encaenia," p. 26.
  7. Etruscan culture in ceremonies associated with the goddess Nortia
    .
  8. ^ Michael Maas, John Lydus and the Roman Past (Routledge, 1992), p. 61.
  9. ^ Kevin Butcher, Roman Syria and the Near East (Getty Publications, 2003), pp. 122–123.
  10. ^ Livy, 7.3; Brennan, Praetorship, p. 21.
  11. ^ Salzman, On Roman Time, pp. 137–138.
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