MV Abosso
History | |
---|---|
United Kingdom | |
Name | Abosso |
Owner | Elder Dempster Lines[1] |
Operator | Elder Dempster Lines[1] |
Port of registry | Liverpool[1] |
Builder | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead[1] |
Yard number | 1006[3] |
Launched | 19 June 1935[2] |
Completed | 8 September 1935[2] |
Maiden voyage | 16 October 1935[2] |
Identification |
|
Fate | Torpedoed and sunk 29 October 1942[4] |
General characteristics | |
Type | passenger liner |
Tonnage | |
Length | 460.8 ft (140.5 m) p/p |
Beam | 65.2 ft (19.9 m)[1] |
Depth | 31.5 ft (9.6 m)[1] |
Decks | 3 plus shade deck[1] |
Installed power | |
Propulsion | screw[1] |
Speed | 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h)[4] |
Capacity | |
Crew | |
Sensors and processing systems |
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Armament |
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MV Abosso was a passenger, mail, and cargo liner, the flagship of Elder Dempster Lines. In peacetime she ran scheduled services between Liverpool and West Africa. In the Second World War she was a troop ship, running between the United Kingdom, West Africa, and South Africa.
Abosso was built in 1935 and sunk by German submarine U-575 in 1942, killing 362 of the 393 people aboard. She carried the same name as an earlier Elder Dempster ship, SS Abosso, which had been built in 1912 and sunk by the submarine U-43 in 1917.[8]
Building and service
Cammell Laird of Birkenhead, England, built Abosso for Elder Dempster Lines in 1935.[1] She was launched on 19 June, completed on 8 September and began her maiden voyage on 16 October.[2]
Abosso was a
Abosso's accommodation had capacity for 250 1st class, 74 2nd class, and 332 3rd class passengers[2] arranged over three decks. She had refrigeration equipment for carrying perishable cargo in her holds.[1]
Abosso's regular peacetime route was between Liverpool and Apapa, Nigeria. By the standards of her era Abosso was a small ocean liner, but she was the largest ship in Elder Dempster's fleet.[9][10]
On 27 June 1939 in dense fog 22 nautical miles (41 km) off Ushant in France, Abosso was involved in a collision with the 815 GRT British coaster Yewforest.[2] Both ships survived the incident.
In the Second World War Abosso was converted into a Defensively Equipped Merchant Ship, and 20 DEMS gunners were added to her regular crew.[4] She served primarily as a troop ship but also continued to carry civilian passengers between Africa and the UK.
On 24 May 1941 a
Final voyage and sinking
On 8 October 1942
Her military passengers included 50 or 51 Dutch conscripts, 44 newly trained pilots fresh from No 23 Service Flying Training School, X Flight, Advanced Training Squadron, at Heany, Bulawayo, Southern Rhodesia[7] (40 for the RAF and four for the Fleet Air Arm), and 33 or 34 Dutch submariners being transferred to a new submarine.[11] The submariners were from three Royal Netherlands Navy submarines: HNLMS K IX and HNLMS K XII, both of which had been transferred to the Royal Australian Navy; and HNLMS K X, which had been scuttled in the Dutch East Indies to prevent her capture by invading Japanese forces. They were travelling to take over a U-class submarine that Vickers-Armstrongs was building at Barrow-in-Furness and was intended to be launched as HNLMS Haai.[4]
Abosso sailed alone and unescorted, despite having a top speed of only 14.5 knots (26.9 km/h).
At 22:13 on Thursday 29 October 1942 Abosso was in the Atlantic about 589 nautical miles (1,091 km) north of the
Abosso had 12 lifeboats. The even-numbered boats were on her port side and it is not clear whether any of them was launched. The odd-numbered boats were on her starboard side. As No. 3 boat was being lowered, one of its falls was let go and all of the boat's occupants were thrown into the water. No. 3 boat seems to have been carrying most of the Dutch submariners. No. 5 boat was launched successfully and managed to rescue four of the Dutch from the water.[5] No. 9 boat was also launched successfully. It was a motor boat and moved around picking up survivors from the water.[4]
As Abosso settled in the water, she temporarily righted herself, her crew got her emergency generator working, and her floodlights were switched on to help the evacuation. Almost immediately after this, U-575 fired a torpedo from one of her stern torpedo tubes, which hit Abosso at 22:28 (
Rescue of survivors
No. 5 boat was leaking badly and her crew were busy using their seaboots and empty cans to bale water out of her. At about 01:30 (local time) on 30 October they lost contact with the other lifeboats. Overnight the boat's crew rowed to keep the boat headed into the sea; at daybreak they raised her mast and hoisted a sail. At about 16:00 (local time) they deployed the boat's sea anchor overnight. At daybreak on 31 October they resumed sailing, and a few hours later sailed into sight of an Allied convoy.[5]
This was Convoy
Among the few survivors were Lieutenant Coumou and three of his fellow-submariners. The Dutch Navy was unable to replace its 30 lost men, so the U-class submarine at Barrow was launched not for the Dutch Navy but as the Royal Norwegian Navy submarine HNoMS Ula.[4]
Monuments
The 362 people killed in Abosso's sinking have no grave but the sea. The Second World War part of the
Footnotes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Lloyd 1937.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Troia.
- ^ Watson.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Helgason.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Report of an interview with the Quartermaster, Mr. A. May. M.V. Abosso - 11,330 Gross Tons" (PDF). Lucas Bruijn. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Lt Cdr Nevil Norway. It fired 14 two-inch rockets from two rows of seven launcher tubes. For shipboard use the launcher was suspended in gimbalsto help it to remain upright and fire its rockets vertically.
- ^ a b c d e Allen, Tony; Lettens, Jan (26 January 2011). "MV Abosso (II) (+1942)". The Wreck Site. Retrieved 30 June 2013.
- ^ Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Abosso". Ships hit during WWI. uboat.net. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ Harnack 1938, pp. 469–470.
- ^ Talbot-Booth 1942, pp. 461–462.
- ^ a b c "Complement of the M.V. Abosso" (PDF). Ships and Shipping. The Lind Pages. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 January 2009. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ a b Helgason, Guðmundur. "Abosso". Crew lists from ships hit by U-boats - uboat.net. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- ^ "Tower Hill Memorial". Cemetery details. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
- ^ "Brookwood Memorial". Cemetery details. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 20 August 2013.
References
- Helgason, Guðmundur (1995–2013). "Abosso". Ships hit during WWI. uboat.net. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Lloyd (1937). Lloyd's Register, Steamers and Motorships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. Archived from the original (PDF) on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Troia, Lucas. "MV Abosso". Ships and Shipping. The Lind Pages. Archived from the original on 10 September 2013. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
- Watson, Brian. "Elder Dempster Line". The Allen Collection. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
Sources and further reading
- Cowden, James; Duffy, John (1986). The Elder Dempster Fleet History 1852–1985. Coltishall: Mallett and Bell. ISBN 0950945315.
- Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber. p. 469.
- Talbot-Booth, E.C. (1942) [1936]. Ships and the Sea (Seventh ed.). London: Sampson Low, Marston & Co. Ltd. pp. 404, 461.