Macro-Puinavean languages
Macro-Puinavean | |
---|---|
(dubious) | |
Geographic distribution | Amazon |
Linguistic classification | Proposed language family |
Subdivisions | |
Glottolog | None |
Macro-Puinavean is a hypothetical proposal linking some very poorly attested languages to the Nadahup family.[1] The Puinave language is sometimes linked specifically with the Nadahup languages and Nukak-Kakwa group, as Puinave–Maku. Paul Rivet (1920) and other researchers proposed decades ago the hypothesis of a Puinave-Makú family.[2] Later, Joseph Greenberg (1987) grouped the Puinave-Makú languages, together with the Tucano family, the Katukinan, Waorani and Ticuna languages in the Macro-Tukano trunk.[3]
Punave-Maku and the
Kaufman (1994: 60, 2007: 67–68) also adds Katukinan to the family.[6][7]
Language contact
For the Puinave-Nadahup languages, Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with the
Criticism
Epps (2008)
Since then, some linguists have attempted to verify the connection by finding cognates. However, no convincing cognates have yet been found. For example, Rivet and Tastevin claim that the Hup pronoun am "I" corresponds to Puinave am "I", but the Hup pronoun ’am means "you"; the Hup pronoun for "I" is ’ãh. Other "strikingly similar" pairs, such as Puinave ueyu "day" and Hup uerhó (wæd.hɔ́) "sun", are not particularly convincing, and no regular sound correspondences have been detected.
On other hand, Martins (1999 and 2005) argues that it is possible to relate "eastern Makú" languages with the Nukak-Kakwa group, but he does not find evidence of the relationship with Puinave.[9][10] Girón (2008) postulates a genetic relationship of the piave with proto-maku, but also the existence of another phone substrate that is not yet known.[11]
See also
- Arutani–Sape languages
- Naduhup languages
References
- ^ a b Patience Epps, 2008. A Grammar of Hup. Mouton de Gruyter.
- ^ Rivet, Paul et Constant Tastevin 1920: "Affinités du Makú et du Puinave"; Journal de la Société des Américanistes de París, n.s. t XII: 69-82. París.
- ^ Greenberg, Joseph H. 1956: "The general classification of Central and South American languages"; Men and cultures. Selected papers of the 5th International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences: 791—794. Anthony F. Wallace ed. University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1960.
- ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
- ^ Henley, Paul; Marie-Claude Mattéi-Müller y Howard Reid 1996: "Cultural and linguistic affinities of the foraging people of North Amazonia: a new perspective"; Antropológica 83: 3-37. Caracas.
- ^ Kaufman, Terrence. 2007. South America. In: R. E. Asher and Christopher Moseley (eds.), Atlas of the World’s Languages (2nd edition), 59–94. London: Routledge.
- ^ Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
- ^ Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016). Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
- ^ Martins, Silvana and Valteir Martins (1999) "Makú". In R. M. W. Dixon and Alexandra Aikhenvald (eds.) The Amazonian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pag. 251-268.
- ^ Martins, Valteir 2005: Reconstrução fonológica do Protomaku oriental. Utrecht: LOT Dissertation Series, 104. (Doctoral dissertation, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics) ISBN 90-76864-71-3.
- ISBN 978-90-78328-59-9.