Purian languages
[Superseded in Glottolog: Coropo removed, Puri split]
| Purian | |
|---|---|
| Puri-Coroado | |
| Geographic distribution | East Brazil |
Macro-Gê?
| |
| Glottolog | puri1261 |
 | |
Purian (also Purían) is a pair of extinct languages of eastern Brazil:
- Purí
- Coroado Puri (also known as Colorado)
Coropó (Koropó), once spoken in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, was added by Campbell (1997), but removed again by Ramirez et al. (2015).[1]
Purian is part of the
Macro-Jê proposal. However, when Coropó is removed, there are not sufficient lexical connections to maintain this classification.[2]
Attestation
The Purian languages are only attested by a few word lists from the 19th century. The lists are:[1]
Puri:
- Martius (1863: 194–195), collected in 1818 at São João do Presídio (now Visconde do Rio Branco, Minas Gerais).[3]
- Eschwege (2002: 122–127), collected in 1815 near São João do Presídio[4]
- Torrezão (1889: 511–513), collected in 1885 at Abre Campo (near Manhuaçu, Minas Gerais)[5]
- Martius (1863: 195–198), collected in 1818 near São João do Presídio
- Eschwege (2002: 122–127), collected in 1815 near São João do Presídio
- Marlière (Martius, 1889: 198–207), collected between 1817 and 1819 at missions along the lower Paraíba do Sul River[6]
- Saint-Hilaire (2000: 33), collected in 1816 near Valença, Rio de Janeiro[7]
Koropó is attested by two word lists:
- Eschwege (2002: 122–127), 127 words collected in 1815
- Schott (1822, pp. 48–51), 55 words collected in 1818[8]
Distribution
The Purian languages were spoken in a continuous region stretching from the
Paraíba do Sul River up to Queluz, São Paulo, and the Coroado from the Pomba River to the Doce River in Minas Gerais.[1]
Dialects
Mason (1950) lists the following dialects of Coroado and Purí:[9]
Other languages
Extinct and unknown languages that may have been Purian languages:[10]
- Caracatan - once spoken on the Caratinga River and Manhuaçu River, Minas Gerais.
- Bucan - found between Funil and Itacolumi near Mariana, Minas Gerais.
- Arasi - in Minas Gerais, Serra Ibitipoca and near Barbacena.
- Bacunin - near the city of Valença and on the Preto River.
- Airuan - Minas Gerais, between the Piranga River and Branco River.
- Bocayú - on the Pomba River.
- Aripiado - in the Serra da Araponga, Minas Gerais.
- Aredé - between Itabirito and Espinhaço.
- Guaraxué - between Ouro Preto, Mariana and Piranga.
- Sacarú - state of Rio de Janeiro on the Paraíba River.
- Paraíba - state of Rio de Janeiro on the Paraíba River.
- Pitá - state of Rio de Janeiro, on the Bonito River.
- Xumeto - in the Serra da Mantiqueira, state of Rio de Janeiro.
- Guarú - south of the Pitá tribe, state of Rio de Janeiro.
- Lôpo or Rôpo - in the Serra de Abre Campo, state of Minas Gerais.
- Abatipó - once spoken on the Matipó River, Minas Gerais.
- Caxine - in the state of Minas Gerais between the Preto River and Paraíba River, and near Valença, Rio de Janeiro.
- Caramonan - state of Minas Gerais, between the Pomba River and Doce River.
- Waitaka or Goytacaz - formerly spoken on the São Mateus River and in the vicinity of Cabo de São Tomé, state of Rio de Janeiro.
Vocabulary
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[10]
gloss Puri Coroado Koropó one omi shombiuan ipáĩn two kuriri chiri alinkrin three pátapakon patepakon tongue an-gué topé pitao foot cha-peré txa-peré cham-brim fire pothe poté ké tree mpó ambó mebm jaguar paüan pauan house ngguára guar sheume white begotara katáma guatháma
Proto-language
| Proto-Purian | |
|---|---|
| Reconstruction of | Purian languages |
Silva Neto (2007) reconstructs 47 Proto-Purian forms.[11]: 39–41 Reconstituted forms by Silva Neto (2007) for Puri, Coroado, and Koropó synthesized from historical sources are also provided.
no. English gloss
(translated)Portuguese gloss
(original)Proto-Purian Puri Coroado Koropó 1 water água *yaman yaman yaman 2 you (sg.) você *gá gá gá 3 tapir anta *painan penán painá 4 here aqui *kará kará kra 5 tree árvore *mpó mpo ãmpo 6 drink beber *mpa mpa pa 7 mouth boca *čore čore čore šore, čore 8 hair cabelo *ké ke gué iče, ke 9 head cabeça *kwe kwe ke 10 eat comer *maše paše maše makšina, maše 11 finger dedo *šapere šabrera šapere 12 day dia *opé opé ope 13 tooth dente *če uče če 14 star estrela *yuri šuri yuri dzuri, yuri 15 arrow flecha *apon apon apon 16 fire fogo *poté poté poté 17 cat gato *šapé šapi šapé 18 brother irmão *čatay šatã čatay šatay, čatay 19 daughter filha *šampe šampe-mpayma šãpe boema 20 leaf folha *čope dzoplé čope čupe 21 man homem *kwayman kuayma, hakorema kwayman kwayman 22 moon lua *petara petara petara 23 mother mãe *ayan ayan ayan ayan 24 maize milho *makπ makπ makπ 25 hand mão *šapore kore, šapeprera šapore, kokor¤e 26 mountain monte *pré pré pre pré 27 large mountain monte grande *pré-heroyma pré deka pré-heroyma pré-heroyma 28 much, very muito *purika prika purika 29 woman mulher *poyman mpayma poyman boeman 30 nose nariz *ni ni yẽ 31 boy menino *šapoma šapona šapoma 32 night noite *miriponan miriponan maripoyan merĩdan 33 eye olho *merĩ miri merĩ šwarĩ 34 ear orelha *pepéna bipina pepéna 35 father pai *are are uaré 36 bird pássaro *šipu šipu šapu 37 foot pé *čapere šaprera čapere čamprĩ 38 feather pluma *pé šipupé pe 39 pig porco *šorã sotanšira šorã 40 river rio *rorá mñama róra yamã rora kwã 41 sun sol *opé opé ope 42 afternoon tarde *tušahi tošora, tušahi šare 43 earth terra *oše guašé, ušó oše 44 trunk tronco *pranü pon-réna põ pranü 45 wind vento *džota džota nan dota narã dzota 46 belly ventre, barriga *tikĩ tikĩ tekĩ ičĩ 47 herb, plant, grass erva, planta, capim *šapuko šapúko, spangué šapuko šapuka
However, similarities in Koropó were later found to be loanwords by Ramirez et al. (2015), who classifies Koropó as Maxakalían.[1] Nikulin (2020) also classifies Koropó as Macro-Jê (Maxakalían branch).[12]
References
- ^
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forke, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2020). "Puri-Coroado". Glottolog 4.3.
- ^ Martius, Karl Friedrich Philip von. 1863. Glossaria linguarum Brasiliensium: glossarios de diversas lingoas e dialectos, que fallao os Indios no imperio do Brazil. Erlangen: Druck von Jange.
- ^ Eschwege, Wilhelm Ludwig von. 2002. Journal do Brasil 1811-1817. Belo Horizonte: Fundação João Pinheiro.
- ^ Torrezão, Alberto Noronha. 1889. "Vocabulario puri". Revista trimensal do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico Brazileiro, Rio de Janeiro, t. LII, parte Ia, pp.511-514.
- ^ Marlière, Guido Thomaz. 1906. "Escritos avulsos, correspondência" Revista do Arquivo Público Mineiro, Belo Horizonte, Ano X, fascículos III e IV, pp. 383-668.
- ^ Saint-Hilaire, Auguste de. 2000. Viagem pelas províncias do Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: Editora Itatiaia.
- ^ Schott, Heinrich Wilhelm. 1822. Tagebücher des K.K. Gärtners in Brasilien. vol. 2. Brünn.
- ^ Mason, John Alden (1950). "The languages of South America". In Steward, Julian (ed.). Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 6. Washington, D.C., Government Printing Office: Smithsonian Institution, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin 143. pp. 157–317.
- ^ a b Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ Silva Neto, Ambrósio Pereira da Silva. 2007. Revisão da classificação da família lingüística Puri. M.A. dissertation, University of Brasília.
- ^ Nikulin, Andrey. 2020. Proto-Macro-Jê: um estudo reconstrutivo. Doctoral dissertation, University of Brasília.
Bibliography
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
- Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The native languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.), Atlas of the world's languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
External links
Wiktionary has a list of reconstructed forms at Appendix:Proto-Puri reconstructions
- PROEL: Familia Purían