Maroon-bellied parakeet

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Maroon-bellied parakeet
Pyrrhura frontalis frontalis
São Paulo (Brazil)

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Pyrrhura
Species:
P. frontalis
Binomial name
Pyrrhura frontalis
(Vieillot, 1818)
Synonyms

Pyrrhura frontalis kriegi

The maroon-bellied parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis) is a small parrot found from southeastern Brazil to north-eastern Argentina, including eastern Paraguay and Uruguay. It is also known as the reddish-bellied parakeet, and in aviculture it is usually referred to as the maroon-bellied conure, reddish-bellied conure or brown-eared conure.

Taxonomy

The maroon-bellied parakeet was

locality as Brazil but Vieillot mistakenly changed this to Cayenne in French Guiana where the species does not occur. The locality is now restricted to the state of Espírito Santo in Brazil.[5] The English naturalist George Shaw was formerly credited with introducing a binomial name for this species. In 1811 he had described the "banded parrakeet" and coined the name Psittacus vittatus,[6] but in 1917 the American ornithologist Harry C. Oberholser pointed out that this name was invalid as the identical binomial name had been coined in 1783 by the Dutch naturalist Pieter Boddaert for the Puerto Rican amazon, now Amazona vittata.[7][8] The maroon-bellied parakeet is now one of 24 parakeets placed in the genus Pyrrhura that was introduced in 1856 by the French naturalist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.[9]

Two subspecies are recognised:[9]

  • P. f. frontalis (Vieillot, 1818) – east Brazil
  • P. f. chiripepe (Vieillot, 1818) – southeast Brazil to southeast Paraguay and north Argentina

It has been suggested that the reddish-bellied parakeet should include the blaze-winged parakeet (P. devillei) as a subspecies based on intermediate specimens from Paraguay. But such hybrids are not common in the wild and the two populations generally maintain their integrity; recent sources are undecided on whether to treat them as one species or two.[10]

Description

These birds range from 25 to 28 cm (9.8 to 11.0 in), and are primarily green, with a maroon patch on the belly, a "scaly" yellow-green-barred breast and sides of neck, a whitish ear-patch often tinged brown, and a maroon undertail. The specific name frontalis is a reference to its dark maroon frontlet – a feature which separates it from most similar species. The primaries are blue on the outer webs, green on the inner webs, and dark on the tips. The beak is black.

The

morph or an intermediate genotype making up just 20% of the specimens
even in the supposed range. The name Krieg's conure is occasionally used in aviculture for such birds, and some breed them exclusively; they are of course perfectly interfertile with individuals of the normal morph however.

Domestic maroon-bellied parakeet eating lettuce

Distribution and habitat

The maroon-bellied parakeet is common in woodland, and forest edges. In the northern part of its range, it mainly lives in highlands up to 1,400 m (4,600 ft), but elsewhere it is primarily found in lowlands up to 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Tolerates disturbance well and even lives in urban parks (e.g.,

mixed-species feeding flock.[11]

Status

It is generally common and not considered threatened by the

IUCN.[12] Though there is little trade in these parrots, captive-bred birds are occasionally available as pets. Maroon-bellied parakeets can learn to talk, although not clearly. They are among the quietest conures
, but their shrill voices still irritate some people.

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22685793A93088076.en
    . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ISBN 978-0-9568611-1-5
    .
  3. ^ Levaillant, François (1801). Histoire Naturelle des Perroquets (in French). Paris: Chez Levrault. pp. 40–41 Plate 17.
  4. ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4
    .
  5. ^ Peters, James Lee, ed. (1937). Check-List of Birds of the World. Vol. 3. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 194.
  6. ^ Shaw, George (1811). General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History. Vol. 8, Part 2. London: Kearsley et al. p. 404.
  7. ^ Boddaert, Pieter (1783). Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques enluminés (in French). Utrecht. p. 49 Number 792.
  8. ^ Oberholser, Harry C. (1917). "Mutanda Ornithologica. II". Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington. 30: 125-126 [126].
  9. ^
    Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (July 2023). "Parrots, cockatoos"
    . IOC World Bird List Version 13.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  10. ^ Juniper & Parr (1998)
  11. ^ Machado (1999)
  12. ^ BLI (2008)

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyrrhura frontalis.
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