Matteo I Visconti
Matteo I Visconti | |
---|---|
Lord of Milan | |
Rule | 1295–1301, 1311–1322 |
Predecessor | Ottone Visconti |
Successor | Galeazzo I Visconti |
Born | 1250 |
Died | 24 June 1322 Crescenzago | (aged 71–72)
Noble family | House of Visconti |
Spouse(s) | Bonacossa Borri |
Issue | |
Father | Teobaldo Visconti |
Mother | Anastasia Pirovano |
Matteo I Visconti (1250–1322) was the second of the Milanese
In 1287, Matteo's uncle
Life
The early years
Matteo was the son of
Imperial influence
Following the death of
Despite this setback, Matteo was appointed Imperial Vicar of Lombardy in 1294 by
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Visconti%2C_Matteo_Magno.jpg/220px-Visconti%2C_Matteo_Magno.jpg)
Matteo managed to remain at the helm of the city until June 1302, when
In 1311, Matteo met the
Suppression of the Guelphs
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/DSC02617_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Eustorgio_-_Dettaglio_del_fianco_-_Scultura_e_stemma_-_Foto_di_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_15-jan-2007.jpg/220px-DSC02617_-_Milano_-_Sant%27Eustorgio_-_Dettaglio_del_fianco_-_Scultura_e_stemma_-_Foto_di_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto_-_15-jan-2007.jpg)
Matteo, despite his lack of military talent, had warlike sons who were directly involved in the war against the Guelphs.[18] In October 1315 Matteo's sons, Marco Visconti and Luchino Visconti defeated the Tuscan Guelphs on the Scrivia River near Voghera, which was followed by the capture of Pavia.[19] This re-established Ghibelline control. For security, Matteo built a castle with a Milanese garrison in the city, captained by his son Luchino.[19]
Conflict with the Church
In an attempt to halt imperial influence over northern Italy,
Excommunication
![A plaque on the Osii Loggia in Piazza Mercanti ("Merchant square") in Milan, built in 1316 by Scoto da San Gimignano for Matteo I Visconti](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/4886_-_Milano_-_Loggia_degli_Osii_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_23-Jan-2008.jpg/220px-4886_-_Milano_-_Loggia_degli_Osii_-_Foto_Giovanni_Dall%27Orto%2C_23-Jan-2008.jpg)
In 1322 at Avignon, Pope John XXII raised the charge of necromancy against Matteo.[27] Matteo refused to appear before the court in the papal city, citing his age and the precarious state of health. The next month the court convicted Matteo in absentia of necromancy.[28] In December, the Pope asked his appointee, the de jure Archbishop of Milan, Aicardo da Camodeia, to open a new case of heresy against Matteo and his son, Galeazzo. Archbishop Camodeia judged them as heretics, condemned Matteo, and ordered the confiscation of his property and the vacating of all his offices.[29]
At the end of May 1322, Matteo ceded power to his son Galeazzo and retired to Crescenzago. Matteo died on 24 June 1322.[30]
Family
Matteo married Bonacossa Borri; they had:
- Floramonda, who married Guido Mandelli, the Count of Maccagno
- Galeazzo I (b. 1277), Lord of Milan, who married Beatrice d'Este,[31] daughter of Obizzo II d'Este and widow of Nino Visconti
- Beatrice (about n.1280), who married Spinetta Malaspina, Marquis of Verucola (Fivizzano)
- Catherine (b. about 1282), who married Alboino I della Scala[32]
- Fieschi, niece of Pope Adrian V;[34]
- Stefano (b. about 1287),[33] Count of Arona, married Valentina Doria, daughter of Bernabò Doria and Eliana Fieschi;
- Marco [it] (b. about 1289)[35]
- Giovanni (b. about 1291), archbishop of Milan;[33]
- Zaccarina (b. around 1295), who married Otto Rusconi;
- Agnese, who married Cecchino della Scala
See also
- List of rulers of Milan
References
- ^ a b Campbell 2003.
- ^ Benedetti 2009, p. 26.
- ^ Paoletti & Radke 1997, p. 452.
- ^ Gamberini 2014, p. 22.
- ^ Williman 2010.
- ^ Clarke 2016, p. 122.
- ^ a b c Armstrong 1932, p. 24.
- ^ Lee 2018, p. 52.
- ^ a b Armstrong 1932, p. 25.
- ^ a b Starn 1982, p. 56.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 32.
- ^ Law 1995, p. 443.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 33.
- ^ Herde 1995, p. 536.
- ^ Dunlop 2009, p. 177.
- ^ Marina 2013, p. 379.
- ^ Marina 2013, p. 396.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 44.
- ^ a b c Armstrong 1932, p. 45.
- ^ Godthardt 2012, p. 17.
- ^ Applauso 2018, p. 134.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 45.
- ^ Herde 1995, pp. 538–39.
- ^ a b c Andenna 2014, p. 76.
- ^ Andenna 2014, p. 75.
- ^ Beattie 2007, p. 26.
- ^ Russell 1972, p. 194.
- ^ Law 1995, p. 451.
- ^ Andenna 2014, p. 77.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 46.
- ^ Peterson 2008, p. 326.
- ^ Armstrong 1932, p. 26.
- ^ a b c Lodge 1904, p. 545.
- ^ Williams 1998, p. 34.
- ^ Black 2009, p. 242.
Sources
- Andenna, Giancarlo (2014-11-28). "The Lombard Church in the Late Middle Ages". In Gamberini, Andrea (ed.). A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Milan. Leiden: Brill. pp. 69–92. OCLC 897378766.
- Applauso, Nicolino (2018). "Sarcasm and its Consequences in Diplomacy and Politics in Medieval Italy". In Baragona, Alan; Rambo, Elizabeth L. (eds.). Words that tear the flesh : essays on sarcasm in medieval and early modern literature and cultures. Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter. pp. 119–142. OCLC 1020699568. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
- OCLC 317825301.
- Beattie, Blake R (2007). Angelus pacis: the legation of Cardinal Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, 1326-1334. Medieval Mediterranean. Vol. v. 67. Leiden Boston: Brill. OCLC 290558761.
- Benedetti, Marina (2009). "La costruzione ideologico-giuridica di una rete di rapporti in Lombardia all'inizio del Trecento". In Rigon, Antonio; Veronese, Francesco (eds.). L'età dei processi : inchieste e condanne tra politica e ideologia nel '300 (in Italian). Roma Ascoli Piceno: Istituto storico italiano per il Medio Evo ; Istituto superiore di studimedievale Cecco d'Ascoli. pp. 7–30. OCLC 535488027.
- Black, Jane (2009-10-08). Absolutism in Renaissance Milan: Plenitude of Power Under the Visconti and the Sforza 1329-1535. Oxford University Press. OCLC 1007134403.
- Campbell, Gordon, ed. (2003). "Visconti family". The Oxford dictionary of the Renaissance. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 801–802. OCLC 62347805.
- Clarke, M. V. (2016) [1926]. The medieval city state : an essay on tyranny and federation in the later Middle Ages. Oxon: Routledge. OCLC 933433255.
- Dunlop, Anne (2009). Painted palaces : the rise of secular art in early Renaissance Italy. University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press. OCLC 233485670.
- Gamberini, Andrea (2014-11-28). "Milan and Lombardy in the Era of the Visconti and the Sforza". In Gamberini, Andrea (ed.). A Companion to Late Medieval and Early Modern Milan. Leiden: Brill. pp. 19–30. OCLC 897378766.
- Godthardt, Frank (2012). "The Life of Marsilius of Padua". In Moreno-Riaño, Gerson; Nederman, Cary J (eds.). A companion to Marsilius of Padua. Boston: Brill. pp. 13–56. .
- Herde, Peter (1995). "The empire: (a) From Adolph of Nassau to Lewis of Bavaria, 1292–1347". In OCLC 29184676.
- Law, John (1995). "Italy in the age of Dante and Petrarch: (a) The Italian north". In OCLC 29184676.
- Lee, Alexander (2018). Humanism and empire : the imperial ideal in fourteenth-century Italy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. OCLC 1023576095. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
- OCLC 613237859. Retrieved 2019-04-21.
- Marina, Areli (2013). "The Langobard Revival of Matteo il Magno Visconti, Lord of Milan". I Tatti Studies in the Italian Renaissance. 16 (1/2). University of Chicago Press: 377–414. S2CID 194035594.
- Paoletti, John T; Radke, Gary M (1997). "Genealogies (appendix)". Art in Renaissance Italy. New York: H.N. Abrams. p. 548. OCLC 36482283.
- Peterson, Janine Larmon (2008). "The Politics of Sanctity in Thirteenth-Century Ferrara". Traditio. 63 (1). New York: Fordham University Press: 307–326. S2CID 143965335.
- OCLC 246888.
- Starn, Randolph (1982). Contrary commonwealth : the theme of exile in medieval and Renaissance Italy. Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 8052509.
- Williams, George L. (1998). Papal genealogy: The families and descendants of the popes. Jefferson, NC, US: OCLC 1056200577.
- Williman, Daniel (2010). "Visconti family". In Bjork, Robert E. (ed.). The Oxford Dictionary of the Middle Ages. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-866262-4.
External links
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- (in Italian) The actor Gabriel Germinario in part of Matteo Visconti, in a scene from the show Once upon a Revolt, by Dimitri Patrizi, inspired by the Battle of Desio