Matua (island)

Coordinates: 48°05′N 153°12′E / 48.09°N 153.20°E / 48.09; 153.20
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Matua
Native name:
Матуа
松輪島
Geography
LocationSea of Okhotsk
Coordinates48°05′N 153°12′E / 48.09°N 153.20°E / 48.09; 153.20
ArchipelagoKuril Islands
Area52 km2 (20 sq mi)
Highest elevation1,496 m (4908 ft)
Highest pointPik Sarychev
Administration
Russia
Demographics
Population0

Matua (Russian: Матуа, Japanese: 松輪島, romanizedMatsuwa-tō) is an uninhabited volcanic island near the center of the Kuril Islands chain in the Sea of Okhotsk in the northwest Pacific Ocean, 16 km (9.9 mi) across Golovnin Strait from Raikoke. Its name is derived from the Ainu language, from “hellmouth”.

History

Hunting and fishing parties of the

feudal domain of Edo period Japan dated 1644, and the Tokugawa shogunate officially confirmed these holdings in 1715. Some early European documents refer to the island as Raukoke.[1]

The

Hokkaidō
.

During World War II the Imperial Japanese Army had a roughly east–west-oriented airfield, which hosted the IJNAS's 553rd Kōkūtai, equipped with Aichi D3A Val dive bombers, located on this island, with the active runway potentially of some 1.33 km (4,360 ft) length, located on its southernmost areas. This airfield was of an advanced design, having three separate airstrips including a tertiary airstrip connected to the other two at a 120° angle. This allowed simultaneous takeoff and recovery of air units, as well as improved takeoff potential in adverse wind conditions. In addition, at least two of the primary airstrips were designed with hot water channels embedded within. In icy or snowy weather, hot water generated by the island's geothermal activity would be pumped through these channels, keeping these airstrips free of ice year-round.[2]

The island was garrisoned by 7000-8000 men of the 41st Independent Mixed Regiment, 6th Independent Tank Company, and supporting units. During 1944 the

Battle of the Kuril Islands in the last weeks of World War II, the Japanese garrison surrendered to the Red Army
without resistance (August 1945).

After World War II the island came under the control of the Soviet Union, and Soviet Border Troops manned the former Japanese military facilities. Its most important role was radar surveillance of the Kuril Islands. A VHF P-14 radar, "Tall King", was put into service during the 1950s or 1960s,[3] and a P-35 radar and possibly a PRV-10 “Rock Cake” radar were also in service at some point.

With the withdrawal of Soviet military forces following the

Russian Federation administers it as part of the Sakhalin Oblast. In 2016 some two hundred Russian officials and technical experts made an expedition to the island, part of a plan to rehabilitate the derelict 1.2 km Soviet airfield and establish a new naval and logistical forward military base.[4] A new 1400 meter runway was built between 2016 and 2019, along with new hard stands, both of which are visible on Google Earth and other satellite images. The island now hosts a battery of Bastion anti-ship cruise missiles.[5]

Matua and Rasshua Islands as seen entering the Golovnin Strait. Matua is in the foreground and Rasshua in the background.
Matua and Rasshua Islands as seen entering the Golovnin Strait. Matua is in the foreground and Rasshua in the background.

Geology

Eruption of Sarychev volcano in 2009, as seen from the International Space Station
Expedition of the Ministry of Defense of Russia and the Russian Geographical Society to the island of Matua. 2016 year

Matua is roughly oval, with a length of 11 km (6.8 mi) with a width of 6.5 km (4.0 mi), and an area of 52 km2 (20 sq mi).[6] The island is a complex stratovolcano with two main peaks.

Lava flows descending on all sides of the peak forms capes along the coast. Eruptions have been recorded since the 1760s, including 1878–1879, 1923, 1930, 1946, 1960, 1976, 1981, 1987, 1989 and 2009, with the largest in 1946 which produced pyroclastic flows
that reached the sea. The 2009 eruption was large enough to affect air traffic between Asia and North America.

The much smaller peak to the south, Japanese: 天蓋山; Tengaizan has a height of 127 m (417 ft).

Matua Island Sarychev Peak venting as seen form the Golovnin Strait
Matua Island Sarychev Peak venting as seen from the Golovnin Strait


Climate

Although it is located at the same latitude as

Oyashio current on the western flank of the Aleutian Low gives Matua a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) that is close to a polar climate (ET). Unlike the quintessential subarctic climate of Siberia or Mongolia, however, Matua has very heavy precipitation as rain, snow and fog. It also has much milder winters than corresponding latitudes in Manchuria: the mean temperature of the coldest month in Matua is −6.1 °C (21.0 °F) as against −17.8 °C (0.0 °F) in Qiqihar in Heilongjiang. Seasonal lag
, like in all the Kuril Islands, is a major feature of the climate, with August being the mildest month and February the coldest.

Climate data for Matua Island (1947-1996)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 10.4
(50.7)
8.9
(48.0)
10.0
(50.0)
13.8
(56.8)
23.1
(73.6)
26.5
(79.7)
29.0
(84.2)
27.6
(81.7)
26.1
(79.0)
23.9
(75.0)
12.5
(54.5)
11.0
(51.8)
29.0
(84.2)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 2.5
(36.5)
2.5
(36.5)
3.7
(38.7)
8.4
(47.1)
15.6
(60.1)
17.7
(63.9)
21.9
(71.4)
22.4
(72.3)
20.0
(68.0)
13.6
(56.5)
8.3
(46.9)
5.3
(41.5)
24.1
(75.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) −2.4
(27.7)
−2.4
(27.7)
−1.1
(30.0)
2.0
(35.6)
6.0
(42.8)
9.0
(48.2)
12.4
(54.3)
14.9
(58.8)
12.7
(54.9)
8.8
(47.8)
3.4
(38.1)
−0.1
(31.8)
5.3
(41.5)
Daily mean °C (°F) −4.3
(24.3)
−4.6
(23.7)
−3.4
(25.9)
0.1
(32.2)
3.3
(37.9)
5.7
(42.3)
9.0
(48.2)
11.1
(52.0)
9.3
(48.7)
5.9
(42.6)
1.1
(34.0)
−2.3
(27.9)
2.6
(36.6)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −6.8
(19.8)
−6.9
(19.6)
−5.5
(22.1)
−2.0
(28.4)
0.2
(32.4)
2.2
(36.0)
5.4
(41.7)
7.4
(45.3)
6.1
(43.0)
3.1
(37.6)
−1.3
(29.7)
−4.7
(23.5)
−0.2
(31.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F) −12.8
(9.0)
−13.6
(7.5)
−12.2
(10.0)
−6.5
(20.3)
−3.2
(26.2)
−0.8
(30.6)
1.3
(34.3)
3.1
(37.6)
1.5
(34.7)
−0.8
(30.6)
−6.0
(21.2)
−10.3
(13.5)
−15.1
(4.8)
Record low °C (°F) −20
(−4)
−18.9
(−2.0)
−18.9
(−2.0)
−10
(14)
−5.1
(22.8)
−4
(25)
−3
(27)
−0.1
(31.8)
0
(32)
−6.1
(21.0)
−11.1
(12.0)
−17.8
(0.0)
−20
(−4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 106.2
(4.18)
81.5
(3.21)
84.8
(3.34)
77.0
(3.03)
98.8
(3.89)
76.0
(2.99)
74.1
(2.92)
108.7
(4.28)
139.8
(5.50)
150.2
(5.91)
153.1
(6.03)
122.8
(4.83)
1,273
(50.11)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) 22.2 19.6 16.7 12.6 11.2 8.2 7.6 9.8 12.0 16.4 21.6 22.9 180.8
Source 1: Météo climat stats[7]
Source 2: Météo Climat [8]

See also

References

  • "Sarychev Peak". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.

Notes

  1. ^ von Krusenstern, Adam Johann (1814). "Officieller Bericht des Hrn. Capit. Ritters v. Krusenstern über des Capitäen's Golownin Reise zur Untersuchung der Kurilischen Inseln." [Official report by Captain Ritter von Kruzenstern on Captain Golovnin's voyage of investigation of the Kuril islands]. In Bertuch, Friedrich Justin (ed.). Allgemeine geographische Ephemeriden (in German). Vol. 43. Weimar: Verlag des Landes-Industrie-Comptoirs. p. 147. Retrieved 2016-06-28. [...] die Insel Raukoke, auf welcher der Pik Sarytscheff ist, [...] hatte ich [...] auf meiner Charte auch unter den Namen Raukoke aufgenommen. Ihr eigentlicher Name is aber, wie Capitän Golownin berichtet, Matua.
  2. ^ "Matua Japanese secret island. Secrets of Matua: what the bowels of the Kuril island hide". hotel-all.ru. Archived from the original on 2023-07-07. Retrieved 2023-02-07.
  3. ^ OSTROV MATUA TALL KING-AIR WARNING RADAR FACILITY, USSR, 1968, Central Intelligence Agency, CIA-RDP78T04759A008300010057-4.
  4. ^ "Russia's Kuril Islands Naval Base: What It Means Strategically". www.our-russia.com. May 27, 2016. Archived from the original on August 8, 2016. Retrieved August 12, 2016.
  5. ^ "Russian Bastion coastal defense missile systems go on combat alert on Kuril Islands". Tass News. December 4, 2021. Archived from the original on October 15, 2022. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  6. ^ "International Kuril Island Project(IKIP)". University of Washington Fish Collection or the respective authors. Archived from the original on 2012-10-06. Retrieved 2010-05-29.
  7. ^ "Moyennes 1981-2010 Russie (Asie)" (in French). Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
  8. ^ "Météo Climat stats for Kurilsk". Météo Climat. Retrieved 1 November 2019.

Further reading

External links

Media related to Matua Island at Wikimedia Commons