Mimaporia

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Mimaporia
Mimaporia owadai
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Epicopeiidae
Genus: Mimaporia
Wei & Yen, 2017
Type species
Mimaporia hmong
Wei & Yen, 2017
Species

See text

Mimaporia is a genus of moths in the Oriental swallowtail moth family

Sichuan Province
in China.

Named due to their resemblance to Aporia butterflies, this genus of moths engage in various mimetic relationships with other lepidopterans. This includes members of the butterfly genus Neptis in addition to the aforementioned Aporia. Recent genetic studies put Mimaporia as a sister group to Nossa and Epicopeia.

Description

Mimaporia is a genus of Epicopeiid moths, known for engaging in mimicry complexes with other lepidopterans. Mimaporia is no exception, in this case, the moth mimics members of the families Nymphalidae and Pieridae.[1] With M. hmong known for engaging in a mimetic relationship with Aporia agathon. Whereas M. owadai is known for its mimetic relationship with members of the genus Neptis, including Neptis alwina, Neptis dejeani, and Neptis philyroides, with similar flight and wing patterns.[2] The distribution of M. owadai overlaps with that of N. alwina and N. dejeani, while the Northern Vietnamese distribution of M. hmong overlapping with N. philyroides and thus making it a contender for its mimetic relationship.[2]

The genus is characterized by their lack of chaetosemata, which are sensory structures. Additionally wing venation, in the closeness of forewing vein M2 and M3 compared to the closeness of M2 with the stem of vein R5 and M1. The aedeagus of Mimaporia has a sclerotized shaft.[2] In addition, similar to the genera Nossa and Epicopeia, of whom it has a sister-group relationship with, the aedeagus coecum is reduced or even absent.[1]

Etymology

Mimaporia was named as the moth resembled Aporia butterflies.

The genus was named after the butterfly genus

Aporia, and the possible co-mimicry relationship that the two genera share.[3] It was thought that the first species discovered, Mimaporia hmong, occurred sympatrically with the butterfly Aporia agathon. Their external appearance, consisting of orange and yellow tegulae, and light colored dotted and striped wings, resemble each other.[3]

Species

Mimaporia consists of 2 species, with the newest being discovered in 2019.[4]

Taxonomy

Mimaporia was described from a group of museum specimens of previously-unknown Epicopeiid moths held at the Natural History Museum, London, which first came into attention in 2002.[3] No taxonomic change was made, due to the scarcity of genetic available to researchers until specimens of Mimaporia hmong were sent in from Vietnam. Both M. hmong and M. owadai were known after the 2002 rediscovery, but only M. hmong was described from the specimens by Wei and Yen.[3] M. owadai, which was physically discovered 2 years later, and then retroactively identified as the specimens held in the Natural History Museum, London that were referred to in Wei and Yen's original paper.[2]

Through morphological evidence, it suggests a potential relationship for the Epicopeiid genus Burmeia. However, for the purposes of Wei and Yen's initial description, due to the rarity of Burmeia specimens, it was neglected for genetic sampling.[3] Phylogenetic analysis suggests a sister group relationship between Mimaporia and the genera Chatamla or Parabraxas. Despite this close relationship, Mimaporia resembles the genus Nossa rather than its sister taxa in appearance.[3] Later research by Zhang et al. in 2020 suggests a different relationship from that interpreted by Wei and Yen, between Mimaporia and Epicopeia and Nossa, which is detailed in the second cladogram below.[1] This research was further corroborated upon by a separate study in 2021 by Call et al..[4]

The following

Bayesian analysis, suggesting a sister relationship with Parabraxas, whereas the right figure representing maximum likelihood analysis, and suggesting that Mimaporia is sister to Parabraxas:[3]

A 2020 study focusing on the genetic relationships of the Epicopeiid moths by Zhang et al. focusing on their mimetic relationships moved Mimaporia outside of the currently understood arrangement. The genetic material of Mimaporia owadaiwas used for its purposes, and found a sister relationship between it and the Epicopeia and Nossa group, disputing the findings of Wei and Yen in 2017. This was further supported by morphological similarities in the genitalia of the 3 genera, which had similarities in the aedeagus coecum.[1] The study yielded the following phylogenetic tree, which is reproduced as follows:[1] These findings were further supported by Call et al. (2021), using targeted enrichment (TE) approach of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)[5] which yielded results that were entirely in agreement with Zhang et al.'s work.[4]

Distribution

Habitat of Mimaporia owadai in Sichuan Province, China.

Mimaporia hmong was described from specimens found in

type locality being Lào Cai. The specific name refers to the Hmong people of Sa Pa, Vietnam.[3]

Mimaporia owadai was first collected from a specimen in

Wolong, Sichuan. It is additionally known to occur in Luding County in Sichuan.[3]

References

  1. ^
    S2CID 218554649
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 30766421
    . Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  3. ^
    PMID 28609943
    . Retrieved 19 January 2022.
  4. ^
    doi:10.1093/isd/ixaa021
    . Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  5. ^ Call, Elsa (5 May 2020). "The age of museomics: How to get genomic information from museum specimens of Lepidoptera". Retrieved 21 January 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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