Mindoro hornbill

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Mindoro hornbill
CITES Appendix II (CITES)[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Bucerotiformes
Family: Bucerotidae
Genus: Penelopides
Species:
P. mindorensis
Binomial name
Penelopides mindorensis
Steere, 1890
Synonyms

Penelopides panini mindorensis

The Mindoro hornbill (Penelopides mindorensis) is a species of

IUCN
.

Description

EBird describes the bird as "A fairly large bird of lowland and foothill forest on Mindoro. Small for a hornbill. Bill fairly short with black bands. Has black wings, a pale buffy tail with black tip, pale underparts and head with a black cheek, and bare skin around the face and chin. Male has pinkish facial skin, while female’s is blue. Unmistakable. The only hornbill on Mindoro. Voice is a short nasal bark, “wak!”."[4]

It is unique among the tarictic hornbills (Visayan hornbill, Luzon hornbill, Samar hornbill and Mindanao hornbill), which the others show a great deal of sexual dimorphism in which males have white heads and breasts while females are almost uniformly black. In the case of the Mindoro Hornbill, both males and females have white heads and bellies with the only physical features to distinguish sexes being the facial skin in which the females' are blue with the male's being pink in color.[5]

Like all hornbills, they are

cavity nesters and rely on large dipterocarp trees for breeding.[5]

They are primarily

frugivorous eating figs and berries but they are also known to eat insects, lizards
and other small animals.

Habitat and conservation status

It is found mostly in tropical moist primary lowland forest up to 1,000. They are also seen in

forest edge
but they need the large trees to support their nesting habits.

The

habitat loss with Mindoro having a great loss of forest in recent decades. By 1988, extensive deforestation on Mindoro had reduced forest cover to a mere 120 km2, of which only a small proportion is below this species's upper altitudinal limit. The lowland forest that does remain is highly fragmented and is still under threat. Kaingin or Slash-and-burn
cultivation, occasional selective logging and rattan collection threaten the forest fragments that still support the species. Dynamite blasting for marble is an additional threat to forest at Puerto Galera. Hunting and poaching are also considered as significant threats.

It occurs in a few protected areas including Mt. Iglit-Baco National Park, where it shares habitat with the iconic Tamaraw and in Mt. Siburan in Sablayan which has been declared an Important Bird Area.

Conservation actions proposed include more surveys in areas where they have been reported to better understand the population, create formal protection in other sites where they are found in Malpalon, Puerto Galera and Manamlay Lake.[6]

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22682491A184680868.en
    . Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ISBN 84-87334-30-X
  4. ^ "Mindoro Hornbill". Ebird.
  5. ^ a b Allen, Desmond (2020). Birds of the Philippines. Barcelona: Lynx and Birdlife Guides International. pp. 202–203.
  6. ^ International), BirdLife International (BirdLife (2020-09-09). "IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Penelopides mindorensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2021-09-10.

3. ^Dutson, Guy C.L. Evans, Tom D. Brooks, Thomas M. Asane, Desiderio C. Timmins, Robert J. Toledo, Angela. (1992). Conservation status of birds on Mindoro, Philippines. Bird Conservation International, (2) 4, 303–325.

External links

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