Morpeth, Northumberland
Morpeth | |
---|---|
Town | |
Morpeth station and Morpeth Chantry | |
Location within Northumberland | |
Population | 14,017 (2011)[1] |
Language | English |
OS grid reference | NZ2085 |
• Edinburgh | 80 mi (130 km) NW |
• London | 261 mi (420 km) SSE |
Civil parish |
|
Unitary authority | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | MORPETH |
Postcode district | NE61, NE65 |
Dialling code | 01670 |
Police | Northumbria |
Fire | Northumberland |
Ambulance | North East |
UK Parliament | |
Morpeth is a historic
period, and some Roman artifacts have also been found.The first written mention of the town is from 1080, when the de Merlay family was granted the barony of Morpeth. The meaning of the town's name is uncertain, but it may refer to its position on the road to Scotland and a murder which occurred on that road. The de Merlay family built two castles in the town in the late 11th century and the 13th century. The town was granted its coat of arms in 1552. By the mid-1700s it had become one of the main markets in England, having been granted a market charter in 1200,[4][5][6] but the opening of the railways in the 1800s led the market to decline. The town's history is celebrated in the annual Northumbrian Gathering.
Morpeth is governed by Northumberland County Council and Morpeth Town Council. The town is split into three wards – North, Kirkhill and Stobhill – for the purposes of parish elections. In 2008 the town suffered a severe flood, which was repeated in 2012, resulting in the construction of new flood defences. Morpeth railway station is on the east coast line and a curve to the south of it has caused several rail crashes. Several sports teams compete in Morpeth, with Morpeth Town A.F.C. having been the winner of the FA Vase in 2016. The town hosted its own Olympics from 1873 to 1958. Two middle schools, a high school and seven first schools are situated in Morpeth, as well as several churches of Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Reformed and Methodist denominations. Morpeth's Carlisle Park, the recipient of several awards, contains one of the four floral clocks in England.
History
Morpeth was founded at a crossing point of the River Wansbeck.[7] Remains from prehistory are scarce, but the earliest evidence of occupation found is a stone axe thought to be from the Neolithic period. There is a lack of evidence of activity during the Roman occupation of Britain, although there were probably settlements in the area at that time.[7] The first written reference is from 1080 when William de Merlay was rewarded for his part in suppressing a rebellion in Northumbria with "the Barony of Morthpeth stretching from the Tyne to the Coquet".[8] The name derives from Old English morð pæð and literally means "murder path";[9][10] writing in 1666, the antiquarian John Stainsby attributed this moniker to "the many robberies and murders in those parts committed".[11]
The barony of Morpeth was granted to the de Merlay family in around 1080, and by 1095 a
The town was badly damaged by fire set by the
In 1540, Morpeth was described by the royal
Morpeth was a borough by prescription, but received its first charter of confirmation from Charles II. The corporation it created was controlled by seven companies: the Merchant Tailors, the Tanners, the Fullers and Dyers, the Smiths, the Cordwainers, the Weavers and the Butchers.[17] This remained the governing charter until the borough was reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835.[30][31] During the Second World War, RAF Morpeth, an air-gunnery training school, opened at nearby Tranwell.[32][33][34]
The town and the county's history and culture are celebrated at the annual Northumbrian Gathering.[35] The gathering is held over a weekend in mid-April and includes the Border Cavalcade and Pageant.[36][37][38] The 50th gathering took place in 2017.[39][40]
Governance
Morpeth has two tiers of local government.
The lower tier is Morpeth Town Council, which has 15 members. Morpeth is a
The upper tier of local government is Northumberland County Council, which meets at County Hall in Morpeth.[45][46] Since April 2009 the county council has been a unitary authority.[47] Previous to this there was an intermediate tier, the non-metropolitan district of Castle Morpeth, which has been abolished along with all other districts in the county.[48][49] The county council has 67 councillors,[50][51] of whom three represent Morpeth, one each from the electoral wards of Morpeth Kirkhill, Morpeth North and Morpeth Stobhill.[52] The 2017 and 2021 County Council elections both elected three Conservative councillors for the three wards.[53][54]
Climate
Cockle Park, located slightly north of Morpeth, contains a Met Office weather station, founded in 1897.[55][56]
Climate data for Morpeth, Cockle Park (1991-2020), record highs and lows (1971-2000) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
15.6 (60.1) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.8 (82.0) |
29.6 (85.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
21.7 (71.1) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
32.6 (90.7) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 6.6 (43.9) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
19.3 (66.7) |
19.0 (66.2) |
16.5 (61.7) |
12.8 (55.0) |
9.1 (48.4) |
7.0 (44.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
1.7 (35.1) |
2.5 (36.5) |
4.0 (39.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.8 (51.4) |
11.0 (51.8) |
9.3 (48.7) |
6.7 (44.1) |
3.9 (39.0) |
1.5 (34.7) |
5.7 (42.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −12.0 (10.4) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−6.1 (21.0) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
0.1 (32.2) |
3.3 (37.9) |
2.8 (37.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−9 (16) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 58.0 (2.28) |
49.3 (1.94) |
48.1 (1.89) |
56.5 (2.22) |
50.2 (1.98) |
66.2 (2.61) |
71.4 (2.81) |
68.4 (2.69) |
61.9 (2.44) |
69.2 (2.72) |
83.8 (3.30) |
64.7 (2.55) |
747.7 (29.43) |
Source 1: Royal Dutch Meteorological Institute/KNMI[57]
| |||||||||||||
Source 2: http://climate-datas-weather.dynalias.org/[58] |
2008 and 2012 floods
On 6 September 2008, Morpeth suffered a severe flood,[59][60] causing damage to 1,000 properties and leading 400 residents to be evacuated.[61][62][63] The town's flood defences were breached after 12 hours, when a month's worth of rain fell on Morpeth.[63][60]
In September 2012, flooding occurred again, causing damage to properties, although floodwaters were reportedly 3 feet (1 m) shallower than in 2008.[64]
Flood defences
Work on flood defences started in 2013 in response to the 2008 floods. New flood defences were built in the town centre and a dam with a storage reservoir was built on the Mitford Estate.[65] A second £27m dam was completed in May 2017 to reduce flooding from the Cotting Burn and marked the completion of the Morpeth flood defence plan.[66][67]
Transport
Road
The
Morpeth Northern Bypass
The Morpeth Northern Bypass was a project to decrease traffic congestion in Morpeth town centre and decrease journey times from Pegswood, Ashington and Newbiggin to the A1 and beyond. The Bypass follows on from the Pegswood Bypass at Whorral Bank Roundabout and continues to the St George's Roundabout and then onto Northgate Roundabout and St Leonard's A1 Junction. The Project was completed in 2017, which has allowed increased connectivity to SE Northumberland and beyond.[69][70]
Rail
Morpeth's railway station is on the main East Coast Main Line which runs between London and Edinburgh. To the south of the station is a sharp curve which has been the scene of several train crashes.[71][72] A non-passenger line operates between Morpeth and Bedlington.[73] A former line, closed in 1966, ran west from Morpeth to Scots Gap (from where there was a branch line to Rothbury),[74][75] then west to Redesmouth,[75] and lastly south to Hexham.[76]
Bus
Arriva North East are the main operator of bus services in the town, with services going to nearby towns and villages such as Pegswood, Guide Post, Ashington, Bedlington or to Newcastle, Alnwick, Amble, Berwick or Widdrington. [77]
Education
The local state school, King Edward VI School, was originally founded as a chantry school in the early 14th century and was located in the Morpeth Chantry.[7] The school was refounded in 1552 by royal charter as the Free Grammar School of King Edward the Sixth,[78] being commonly referred to as the Morpeth Grammar School by locals.[79] The school was renamed to King Edward VI Grammar School by 1947[80] and in the 1970s lost its grammar school status, becoming a comprehensive under the current name.[81]
The town has two middle schools, Newminster and Chantry, which are built next door to one another.[82] It also has several first schools: Abbeyfields First School in Kirkhill, Morpeth First School in Loansdean to the south of the town, Stobhillgate First School in the Stobhillgate housing estate, and Morpeth All Saints' Church of England-aided First School in Lancaster Park, which is located north of the town.[83] Additionally, St. Robert's R.C. First School, a primary school for Roman Catholics, is located in Oldgate, Morpeth.[84]
Religious sites
Church of England
The ancient
In 1843, a public meeting was called to address the lack of attendance at the church, and it was found that the walk to the current church, then on the southern edge of the town, was too much for many of the parishioners.[93][94][95] From this meeting, it was decided to build a new church in the town centre[94][95] and accordingly, the church of St James the Great was consecrated for worship on 15 October 1846.[96][97] Benjamin Ferrey designed the church in a "Neo-Norman" style,[97][95] based on the 12th century Monreale Cathedral, Sicily.[98][99]
A third parish church, St Aidan's, was founded as a mission church in 1957, located on the Stobhill estate on the south-east of the town.[100][101][102]
Roman Catholic Church
Morpeth's
United Reformed Church
Morpeth has had a Presbyterian ministry since 1693. Their first service was held in a tannery loft in the town in February 1693 and in 1721 a chapel was built in Cottingwood Lane,[107] which still exists as a private home. The construction of St. George's United Reformed Church began in 1858 and the first service in the new building was held on 12 April 1860.[108] The Church stands immediately to the north of the Telford Bridge[109] and is in the style of the early English era, containing a stained glass rose window and an octagonal spirelet.[110]
Methodist Church
The present Methodist Church in Howard Terrace was opened as a
Sport
Morpeth Town A.F.C.,[116][117] Morpeth RFC[118][119] and the Morpeth Golf Club[120][121] play competitively within Morpeth. In addition, the Morpeth Harriers compete in athletics.[122][123] The town also offers opportunities to play sport on a non-competitive basis through facilities such as Carlisle Park,[124] the common for playing golf and football,[125] and the Riverside leisure centre for swimming, indoor sports and fitness gym activities.[126][127] Morpeth Town A.F.C. was the 2016 winner of the FA Vase.[116]
The Morpeth Olympic Games, a professional event consisting mainly of athletics and wrestling, were staged from 1873 until 1958, barring interruptions during the two
In 1730, a racecourse was built for horse racing, which was used until 1854, when the racetrack was replaced with St. George's Hospital.[60][130][131]
The town was the start point of the
Media
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees. Television signals are received from the Pontop Pike and local relay transmitters.[134][135]
Local radio stations are
The Morpeth Herald is the town's local weekly newspaper.[137]
Landmarks
The historical layout of central Morpeth consisted of Bridge Street, Oldgate Street and Newgate Street, with
Other landmarks are:
- Morpeth Clock Tower, a free-standing 17th century clock tower[60]
- Morpeth Town Hall, originally designed by Sir John Vanbrugh (rebuilt 1869)[60]
- Collingwood House, the Georgian home of Admiral Lord Collingwood[106]
- Morpeth Chantry, a 13th-century chapel that now houses the town's tourist information centre and the Morpeth Chantry Bagpipe Museum[148]
- Morpeth Castle, which stands on a hill to the south, is now operated by the Landmark Trust as holiday accommodation[149]
- A nuclear bunker located underneath Morpeth County Hall[60]
- A gateway on High Stanners framed by a whale's jawbone[150]
- Ruins of Newminster Abbey, a former Cistercian abbey about one mile to the west of Morpeth[151][152]
- Morpeth Court, former courthouse and prison, now converted into apartments[153]
Notable people
- Bill Rutherford (1955-), Professor and Chair in Biochemistry of Solar energy in the Department of Life sciences at Imperial College London.
- Linden Hall near Morpeth in 1911[154]
- James (Jim) Alder (born 1940), athlete, who spent his childhood in Morpeth after being adopted by Adler family[155][156]
- Emerson Muschamp Bainbridge (1817–1892), founder of Bainbridge Department Store – the first such store in the world – in Newcastle upon Tyne, who, from 1877, lived near Morpeth at Eshott Hall[157]
- George V[158]
- Robert Blakey (1795–1878), radical journalist and philosopher, born in Manchester Street, Morpeth[159]
- Luke Clennell (1781–1840), engraver and painter, born in Morpeth[160]
- Vice Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood (1748–1810), Royal Navy Admiral. He lived at Collingwood House in Oldgate and once said "Whenever I think how I am to be happy again, my thoughts carry me back to Morpeth".[161][162]
- William Elliott, Baron Elliott of Morpeth (1920–2011), Conservative politician born in Morpeth[164]
- Toby Flood (born 1985), rugby union player for Leicester Tigers and England, who attended Morpeth Chantry School[165]
- Hamish Turnbull (born 1999), Cyclist representing British Cycling and Great Britain.
- Benedictine monk and Roman Catholic Bishop of Newport born at Carlisle House, Morpeth[166]
- Charles Howard, 3rd Earl of Carlisle (1669–1738), MP for Morpeth in 1689–1692[167]
- Robert Morrison (1782–1834), translator of the Bible into Chinese and first Protestant missionary in China, born in Buller's Green, Morpeth[168]
- John Peacock (c. 1756–1817), piper, born in Morpeth[169][170]
- John Urpeth Rastrick (1780–1856), railway engineer, born in Morpeth[171]
- Walter Trevelyan (1821 – 1894), first-class cricketer and barrister, born in Morpeth[174]
- William Turner (naturalist) (c. 1508 – 13 July 1568), an English divine and reformer, physician and natural historian.[175] The William Turner Garden is situated in Carlisle Park, Morpeth.[141][142]
- Dr. N. T. Wright (born 1948), Anglican theologian and author, born in Morpeth[176][177]
See also
- Viscount Morpeth, the heir apparentto the Earl of Carlisle.
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{{cite book}}
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External links
- Media related to Morpeth, Northumberland at Wikimedia Commons