Mudik
Mudik (sometimes also known as pulang kampung) is an
The primary motivation of this homecoming tradition is to visit one's family, especially parents. However, people might seek to come to their hometown during this period to attend a rare opportunity: a gathering of members of the extended family, the seldom seen relatives that are normally scattered in other cities, other provinces or even overseas. The term mudik is also used by Indonesians living abroad to refer to their activity returning to Indonesia during the holiday season in whichever country of residence.
Mudik for Eid al-Fitr, or its similar traditions, exists in countries with
Etymology
The term Mudik in Indonesian means "to sail or to travel to udik (upstream, inland) by the river".[5] The term mudik' or udik is also found in local Indonesian languages, such as Minang, Betawi, Sundanese, and Javanese.
Pulang kampung, meanwhile, simply means "returning home" (a connotation of
History
The tradition to visit one's hometown, home village or family ancestral home is not a new tradition in
In most parts of Indonesia where
The term mudik to coin the specific homecoming activity, started to enter common Indonesians' vocabulary since the 1970s. It is suggested that in 1970s, during the start of
Outside of Java, Mudik homecoming is also significantly observable in Sumatra, especially in West Sumatra, Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra corridors, where numbers of migrant workers, especially Minang perantauan (migrant) return to their hometown to celebrate Idul Fitri. Currently, the government is constructing the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road to ease the traffic in inter-province Sumatran main roads that is congested especially during mudik travel.
To prevent the spread of COVID-19, the Indonesian government discouraged people from performing the mudik journey in April and May 2020[8] as well as in May 2021.
Scale
As there are large numbers of travelers who perform mudik, the government of Indonesia provides additional transportation to handle the resulting massive travel surge in several days prior to and after the Lebaran. In 2013, around 30 million people traveled to their hometowns during Lebaran. They spent a total sum of around 90 trillion
According to Indonesian National Police brigadier General Trunoyudo Wisnu Andiko, 2024 Mudik season has reached record of 193 million peoples who participate in this exodus cycle.[13]
Impacts
Transportation
The demand for train and airplane tickets usually spikes a month or two prior to Lebaran, prompting an unusually higher cost for tickets for highly sought days of departure. Some airlines might add extra flights or operate larger airplanes to deal with the surge in demand.[14] Indonesian train operator Kereta Api Indonesia usually offers additional train trips or introduces longer trains with more cars in order to meet the demand.[15] The private operators of intercity and inter-province buses usually charge higher ticket costs during this period.
The heaviest burdens faced during mudik are
The impact is indeed tremendous as millions of buses, cars and motorcycles jam the roads and highways, causing kilometer-long traffic jams each year.
Various modes of transportation such as
Business
The sudden exodus of large numbers of migrant workers — most of them
The Indonesian Ministry of Transportation estimated, the Mudik cycle each year has given huge economic impact, as in 2022 alone, the activities for the mass exodus in Indonesia during Ied day has generate roughly 157,3 trillion Rupiah.[18]
See also
- Balik kampung in Malaysia
- Chunyun in China
References
- ^ a b Sri Lestari (7 July 2016). "Mudik gratis 'tak berhasil' kurangi jumlah pengendara sepeda motor". BBC Indonesia (in Indonesian).
- ^ Donny Syofyan (13 July 2015). "Lebaran and local pride in the annual 'mudik' custom". The Jakarta Post.
- ^ Callistasia Anggun Wijaya (1 July 2016). "Mass exodus to begin in Jakarta this weekend". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta.
- ^ "Cerita Mudik di Pakistan". Republika (in Indonesian). 17 July 2015.
- ^ "Mudik". Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) (in Indonesian).
- ^ Muhammad Hasanudin (31 January 2012). "Warga Mudik Galungan, Denpasar Sepi". Kompas (in Indonesian).
- ^ Yoyok Prima Maulana (28 July 2014). "Asal Mula Mudik". Intisari (in Indonesian).
- ^ "COVID-19: 'Mudik' ban to begin Friday, roads to remain open". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-05-20.
- ^ (in Indonesian) Didik Purwanto (5 August 2013). "Pemudik Lebaran Alirkan Dana Rp 90 Triliun ke Daerah" (in Indonesian). Kompas.com. Retrieved 6 August 2013.
- ^ Septian Deny. "Jumlah Pemudik 2017 Diprediksi Mencapai 33 Juta Orang". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2017-12-11.
- ^ Krisdianto, Rafly Adli. "Mudik Lebaran 2023: 123 Juta Orang Pulang Kampung, 25 Juta Naik Motor". detikoto (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-04-08.
- ^ Liputan6.com (2022-04-09). "80 Juta Orang Bakal Mudik Lebaran, Vaksinasi Booster Perlu Dikejar". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-04-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Sheani Yasuko Lai (2024). "Indonesia sees record holiday exodus as more than 190 million travel home for Eid". Arab Newa. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
- ^ "Airlines Ajukan 90 Extra Flight untuk Lebaran". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). 25 April 2018. Retrieved 9 June 2018.
- ^ Bempah, Ramdhan Triyadi (4 May 2018). "PT KAI Siapkan 16 Kereta Tambahan untuk Antisipasi Lonjakan Pemudik". Kompas (in Indonesian). Retrieved 9 June 2018.
- ^ "Govt says roads ready for Lebaran exodus". The Jakarta Post. 1 September 2010. Retrieved 2 September 2010.
- ^ "Mudik: a blessing for some Jakarta residents". The Jakarta Post. Jakarta. 5 July 2016.
- ^ "Mudik Lebaran Berikan Dampak Signifikan Bagi Ekonomi" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Transportation (Indonesia). Retrieved 9 April 2024.
External links
- (in Indonesian) Mudik culture followed by urbanization culture