Overseas Indonesians

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Overseas Indonesians
Orang Indonesia Perantauan
Dutch Indonesians, Arab Indonesians, Chinese Indonesians

Overseas Indonesians (Indonesian: Orang Indonesia Perantauan) refers to Indonesians who live outside of Indonesia. These include citizens that have migrated to another country as well as people born abroad of Indonesian descent. According to Ministry of Law and Human Rights, more than 6 million Indonesians diaspora live abroad in 2023 this include ex-Indonesian citizens, foreign citizens who are children of Indonesian citizens, and children of ex-Indonesian citizens, illegal and undocumented workers.[46]

History

See also:
Maritime History and Spice trade
As early as the 1st century CE Indonesian vessels made trade voyages as far as Africa. Picture: a ship carved on Borobudur in Java c. 800 CE

Since ancient times, people from various

labor, or travel. Migration of ancient Indonesians began 2,000 years ago, they migrated to various places including Madagascar, East Africa, the Middle East, the Indian subcontinent, Australia, and Southeast Asian
countries.

During the colonial era

During the colonial era, many Indonesians were sent for

enslavement by the Dutch East Indies to their other colonies such as Suriname and New Caledonia, while political dissidents against Dutch colonization were sent to South Africa from Indonesia during the 18th century, forming a group known as Cape Malays.[47]

Merantau culture

The practice of going abroad has been motivated by the Merantau culture of the Indonesian people since ancient times. Merantau has been associated deeply with the

merchants played a major role in establishing of the Malay kingdom in Jambi, which was a strategic position for trade via the Silk Road
.

Other Indonesian ethnic groups such as the Bugis, Banjar, Madura, Aceh, Batak, and Javanese have also been traveling overseas to gain opportunities, experience, knowledge, and versatility.

Indonesians worldwide

Australia

Main article: Indonesian Australians

Before Dutch and British sailors arrived in Australia, Indonesians from Southern Sulawesi have explored the Australia northern coast. Each year, the Bugis sailors would sail down on the northwestern

sea cucumber) before returning to Makassar on the dry season off shore winds. These trading voyages continued until 1907.[citation needed
] Nowadays, many Indonesian residents of Australia are either foreign students or workers, with a large number being of Chinese Indonesian heritage. Furthermore, the Cocos Malays are descendants of native Indonesians brought by the Clunies-Ross family to work in the copra industry in the 19th century.

Cambodia

Main article: Indonesians in the Cambodia

According Interior Ministry of Cambodia, more than 50,000 Indonesian citizen lived in Cambodia.[49]

Hong Kong

Main article: Indonesians in Hong Kong

Indonesians are the second largest foreigner group after

Chinese Indonesian families and students that reside in Hong Kong. Central and Wan Chai
are the main districts that most Indonesians live in.

Japan

Main article: Indonesians in Japan

In 2013, approximately 20,000 Indonesians lived in Japan, including about 3,000 illegal Indonesians. These numbers dropped from the previous years for various reasons, including the high cost of living in Japan and the difficulty of finding jobs in Japan. Most of them are in Japan for a short term and deportation remains high for Indonesian residents. In 2022, approximately 98,865 Indonesians lived in Japan.[50]

Malaysia

Main article:
Indonesian Malaysians
See also: Indonesian citizens in Malaysia

Malaysia shares a land border with Indonesia and both countries share many aspects of their culture, including mutually intelligible national languages. Populations have long moved between the areas which make up the modern-day states. Since the distinction between the two regions emerged in the early 19th century, many people from

Malay community due to religious, social and cultural similarities. Currently, it is also estimated that there are around 2 million Indonesian citizens in Malaysia at any given time, ranging from all types of backgrounds including a significant majority of labour migrants
alongside a considerable number of professionals and students.

Netherlands

Further information: Indo people
Repatriated Indonesian children in Zandvoort, 1958

Indonesia was a colony of the

Daniel Sahuleka
are notable people of Indonesian ancestry from the Netherlands. These 372,500 first generation people and their 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation offspring account for some 1.6 million Dutch passport-holders and form as much as 10% of the overall population of the Netherlands.

Tong Tong Fair is the largest cultural festival in the world for Indonesian diaspora. Established in 1959, it is one of the oldest festivals and the fourth largest grand fair in the Netherlands. It is also the annual event with the highest number of paying visitors of the Dutch city of The Hague, having consistently attracted more than 100,000 visitors since 1993.

The Netherlands is also one of the European countries with most Indonesian students. In the early 20th century, many Indonesian students studied in the Netherlands. Most of them lived in Leiden and were active in the Perhimpoenan Indonesia (Indonesian Association). There were 1.402 Indonesian nationals enrolled in Dutch universities in 2018/2019, which makes it the 13th largest student communities in the country.[51]

Philippines

Main article: Indonesians in the Philippines

The official number of Indonesians in the Philippines range anywhere from 43,871 to 101,720.

Minahasan
-speaking ancestry.

Qatar

There are about 39,000 Indonesian citizens in the State of Qatar according to the Indonesian Embassy.[52]

Saudi Arabia

Islamic teachers from Indonesia in Mecca, 1955
Main article: Indonesians in Saudi Arabia

Indonesian

Grand Mosque in Mecca during the late 19th century.[53]

Many Indonesians in Saudi Arabia are

Saudia Airlines, SABIC, Schlumberger, Halliburton, Indomie, etc. Most Indonesians in Saudi Arabia reside in Riyadh, Jeddah, and all around the Dammam
area.

Saudis of Indonesian descent

There are

homeland thus they decided to stay in Saudi and their descendants have become Saudi citizens ever since. Many of them also married with local Arab women and stayed permanently in Saudi. Their descendants today are recognizable with their family name originating from their forefathers' origins back in Indonesia, such as "Bugis", "Banjar", "Batawi" (Betawi), "Al-Felemban" (Palembang), "Faden" (Padang), "Al-Bantani" (Banten), "Al-Minangkabawi" (Minangkabau), "Bawayan" (Bawean), and many more. One of them is Muhammad Saleh Benten, a Saudi politician appointed by King Salman as the Minister of Hajj and Umrah.[54]

Singapore

Main article:
Malays in Singapore
Javanese gamelan music group in Singapore, circa 1890
Mandailing women tin miners in Perak, Malaysia
, circa 1920s

The Malays in Singapore (Malay: Orang Melayu Singapura) make up about 14% of the country's population. Most of them came from what we know today as Indonesia and southern Malaysia. In the 19th century, Singapore was part of

Yusof bin Ishak, and Zubir Said who composed the national anthem of Singapore Majulah Singapura
.

According to the Indonesian Embassy in Singapore, as of 2010 there are 180,000 Indonesian citizens in Singapore. As much as 80,000 work as domestic helpers/TKI, 10,000 as sailors, and the rest are either students or professionals. But the number can be higher as registering one's residence is not compulsory for Indonesians, putting the number to around 200,000 people.

South Africa

Main article: Cape Malays

South Korea

Main article: Indonesians in South Korea

Suriname

Main article: Javanese Surinamese
Javanese Surinamese in Suriname, between 1890 and 1900

People of Indonesian descent, mainly

National Assembly of Suriname.[55]

Taiwan

Indonesian's javanese masked dance performance during Indonesia National Day Culture and Art Festival in Taipei, Taiwan
Main article: Indonesians in Taiwan

United Arab Emirates

Main article: Indonesians in the United Arab Emirates

United Kingdom

Main article: Indonesians in the United Kingdom

United States

Main article: Indonesian Americans

The United States is home to many Indonesian students and professionals. In the Silicon Valley region of Northern California, there are many professional Indonesian-American engineers in the technology industry who are employed in companies like

Yahoo, Sun Microsystems, and IBM. Sehat Sutardja, the CEO of Marvell Technology Group, is a prominent Indonesian professional in the USA.[56]

In April 2011, the

Special English service of Voice of America reported on a push for American universities to attract more Indonesians to study in America in order to compete with students' preferred universities in Australia, Singapore, and Malaysia.[57]

List of Indonesian diaspora by ethnicity and culture

See also

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