Muhammad Shafi Deobandi

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Mufti
Muhammad Shafi
مفتی محمد شفیع
1st President of Darul Uloom Karachi
In office
1951 – 6 October 1976
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byAbdul Hai Arifi
4th Chief Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
In office
c. 13 August 1931 – c. November 1935
Preceded byRiyazudin Bijnori
Succeeded byMuhammad Sahool Bhagalpuri
7th Chief Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
In office
c. 4 April 1940 – c. 23 March 1943
Preceded byKifayatullah Gangohi
Succeeded byFarooq Ahmad
Personal
Bornc. 25 January 1897
Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
ReligionIslam
Nationality
  • British Indian
    (1897-1947)
  • Indian (1947-1948)
  • Pakistani (1948-1976)
Era
Mahmud Hasan
Students
Influenced by
Influenced
Shafi in an interview with Radio Pakistan.
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Part of a series on the
Deobandi movement
Ideology and influences
Founders and key figures
Notable institutions
Darul ulooms and madrasas
Centres (markaz) of Tablighi Jamaat
Associated organizations

Muḥammad Shafī‘ ibn Muḥammad Yāsīn ‘Us̱mānī Deobandī (

Deobandi
school of Islamic thought.

A

Qur'an
.

Birth and early childhood

See also: Usmani family of Deoband § Miyānji Shukrullah

Muhammad Shafi, son of Muhammad Yasin, was born on 25 January 1897 (21 Sha'ban 1314

British India, to an Usmani family.[1][2] He was given the name "Muhammad Shafi" (محمد شفيع) by his father's sheikh, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, though he was originally named "Muhammad Mubin" (محمد مبین) by his grandfather, Khalifah Tahsin Ali.[2][3][4] Shafi grew up in a religious environment. As a child he played in the courtyard of Darul Uloom Deoband and sat in the company of his father, who was a teacher at the school.[4]

Education

Aged five, Shafi began memorising the Qur'an with Muhammad Azim and Namdar Khan at the Darul Uloom.[2][4][5] In 1907 or 1908 (1325 AH), he commenced the study of Urdu, Persian, mathematics and other subjects at Darul Uloom Deoband, which he completed within the next five years under the supervision of his father.[1][2]

He studied arithmetic and Euclid from his uncle Munshi Manzur Ahmad and Quranic recitation from Muhammad Yusuf Miruthi. Along with teaching Shafi the Persian books, Maulana Yasin also instructed him in the elementary Arabic books of sarf (morphology), nahw (grammar), and fiqh (jurisprudence), up to Fusul-i Akbari, Hidayat an-Nahw, and Munyat al-Musalli.[2]

In 1330 AH (1912)[2][4] or 1331 AH (1913)[5] Shafi was formally enrolled in the upper level Arabic classes of Darul Uloom Deoband. He did Daurah Hadith in 1335 AH (1916/1917) under the supervision of Anwar Shah Kashmiri, and completed his education in 1336 AH (1917/1918).[2][3][5] The teachers under whom Shafi formally studied included:[2][4][5]

Among his teachers was

Shams al-Bazighah.[1][2]

After Daurah a few books still remained, including Qazi, Mir Zahid, and Umur-i 'Ammah—these were completed in 1336 AH (1917/1918).[2][5] In that year Shafi was also appointed to teach some lessons.[1][2][5]

Career

Shafi began teaching at Darul Uloom Deoband in 1918 or 1919 (1337 AH).

Maulana Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.[2]

Shafi established

Sihah Sittah.[2]

Fatawa, Rulings

Shafi frequently assisted

Azizur Rahman Usmani, head of the school's fatwa department.[1] Azizur Rahman resigned from the Darul Uloom in 1344 AH (1925/1926). Others occupied the post of Sadr Mufti (Chief Mufti) until the Majlis-e-Shura of Darul Uloom Deoband appointed Shafi to the post on 28 Rabi al-Awwal 1350 AH (c. 13 August 1931).[2][3][note 2] In additions to undertaking the duties of fatwa-writing, Shafi also continued to teach some books of hadith and tafsir.[5]

In November 1932 (Rajab 1351), Shafi published a tract entitled Nihayat al-arab fi ghayat an-nasab on

caste. The weavers of the Deoband area (who were regarded as a lower caste) revolted against the fatwa, and from early 1353 AH (1934/1935) to late 1354 AH (1935/1936) rallies were held and threats were made against Shafi, in response to which a group of teachers took to acting as his bodyguards. Several scholars wrote or spoke in defense of the fatwa, including Shafi's shaikh Ashraf Ali Thanawi, Sayyid Asghar Husain, and Husain Ahmad Madani. Due to the controversy, Shafi asked to be transferred to the teaching department, a request that was eventually granted by the Majlis-e-Shura in Sha'ban 1354 AH (c. November 1935).[2][3][6]

Shafi remained in the teaching department over the next few years, during which two other ulama held the post of Sadr Mufti. On 25 Safar 1359 AH (c. 4 April 1940), Shafi was appointed to the office a second time.[2][3] He held the post until he left Darul Uloom Deoband in Rabi al-Awwal 1362 AH (March 1943).[1][2][note 3]

Estimates of the number of fatwas that he issued while at Darul Uloom Deoband range from 26,000[3] to over 40,000. Some of Muhammad Shafi's fatwas have been published in eight large volumes titled Imdad al-Muftin, while the majority remain unpublished.[1]

Tasawuf

From an early age, Shafi frequently attended the gatherings of

Ashraf Ali Thanawi. Mahmud Hasan returned to Deoband in June 1920 (20 Ramadan 1338 AH). In 1339 AH (1920) Shafi gave bay'at (allegiance) at his hand. However, Mahmud Hasan died a few months later on 18 Rabi al-awwal AH (November 1920). Shafi returned to Thanawi after Mahmud Hasan's death. In Rabi ath-thani 1349 AH (1930) he received ijazat-i bay'at (permission to take disciples) and khilafah (spiritual successorship).[1][2]

Pakistan Movement

When the All-India Muslim League was formed to campaign for the creation of a separate Muslim state, Ashraf Ali Thanvi instructed all Muslims, including scholars, to support this campaign. Shafi and other scholars, including Zafar Ahmad Usmani, joined the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam, a council of Islamic scholars formed by Shabbir Ahmad Usmani to campaign for the creation of Pakistan. In 1363 AH (1944) Muhammad Shafi resigned from teaching and issuing fatwas at Darul Uloom Deoband in order to devote his time to the movement for the creation of Pakistan. He toured India, gave speeches, and issued fatwas for this purpose.[1]

Migration to Pakistan

In 1948 (1367 AH), after the partition of India, Shafi migrated from Deoband to Pakistan. He founded Darul Uloom Karachi in 1370 AH (1950/1951). He died on 10 Shawwal 1396 (6 October 1976).[1]

Life in Pakistan

He remarked that the various educational systems that came into being under the British rule – traditional Madrasahs, spearheaded by Deoband, and modern schools, spearheaded by Aligarh – should be integrated thus balancing the religious and worldly dimensions of knowledge and nurturing.[7]

He avoided disputes at all costs and on occasion, he even gave up land allocated to him by the government of Pakistan to build a Madrasah, just to avoid a dispute that has arisen in the process.[8]

Works

He wrote around one hundred books explaining the Quran and interpreting Islamic law.

His best-known and most widely translated work is the Ma'ariful Qur'an ("The Wisdom of the Quran"), which he finished (in Urdu) four years before his death.[9] This work, a commentary on the entire Quran, began as a series of weekly lectures on Radio Pakistan that ran for ten years.[9]

Notes

  1. ^ ياسين (Yasin) also spelled یٰسین
  2. ^ Mufti Muhammad Shafi writes in the introduction to Ma'ariful Qur'an that he occupied the post from 1349 AH.[5]
  3. ^ Syed Mehboob Rizwi writes that Shafi occupied the post until 1361 AH (1942).[3]

External links

  • Ullah, Asad (30 June 2018). "Research Study of the Contribution of Mufti Muhammad Shafi' in Sīrah Studies". Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies (in Urdu). 3 (1): 95–105.
    ISSN 2519-7118
    .
  • [1]
  • [2]
  • مفتی اعظم پاکستان مولانا مفتی محمد شفیع کی عملی، تصنیفی اور ملی خدمتات کا علمی، تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Muhammad Taqi Usmani (4 December 2011) [Originally written March 1964]. "Shaykh Muhammad Shafi': The Mufti of Pakistan". Deoband.org. Translated by Zameelur Rahman from introduction to Zafar Ahmad Usmani; Jamil Ahmad Thanawi; Muhammad Shafi Deobandi; Muhammad Idris Kandhlawi (2008) [First published 1987]. احكام القرآن / Aḥkām al-Qur'ān (in Arabic). Vol. 3. Karachi: ادارة القرآن والعلوم الاسلامية / Idārat al-Qur’ān wa-al-‘Ulūm al-Islāmīyah. pp. 1–19.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Muhammad Rafi Usmani (May 2005) [First published 1994]. حیات مفتی اعظم / Ḥayāt-i Muftī-yi A'ẓam (in Urdu). Karachi: ادارة المعارف / Idāratul-Ma‘ārif.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Sayyid Mahbub Rizvi (1981). History of the Dar al-Ulum Deoband. Vol. 2. Translated by Prof. Murtaz Husain F. Quraishi. Deoband, India: Idara-e Ihtemam, Dar al-Ulum.
  4. ^ a b c d e Muhammad Shafi Deobandi (c. 1973). "Rare interview on YouTube: Mufti Shafi Usmani talks about his life (1973 interview in Urdu language with captions in English)" (Interview).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i Muhammad Shafi Deobandi (April 2008) [Cited chapter written October 1972]. "تمہید / Tamhīd" [Introduction]. معارف القرآن / Ma'āriful-Qur'ān (in Urdu). Vol. 1. Karachi: Idāratul-Ma‘ārif. pp. 59–71.
  6. ISBN 9780203123157
    .
  7. ^ Talhah, Sayyid (22 November 2018). "Asia Bibi case: Pakistanis need to bridge the 'mister-mulla' divide". Musings of a Muslim Doctor. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  8. ^ Talhah, Sayyid (13 December 2017). "Avoid the Disputes – Despite Being Right!". Pearls for Tazkiyah. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  9. ^ a b Ma'ariful Qur'an: A Comprehensive Commentary on the Holy Qur'an (Karachi: Mataba-e-Darul-Ulomm Karachi, 2008 ed.), Volume 1. p. xv
Religious titles
Preceded by
Riyazuddin Bijnori
 fourth Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
13 August 1931 - November 1935 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Kifayatullah Gangohi
 seventh Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband
4 April 1940 - 23 March 1943 		Succeeded by
Farooq Ahmad
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