Deobandi movement
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The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a
Theologically, the Deobandis uphold the doctrine of
In response to the
The movement has spread from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh to the
Foundation and expansion
In 1919, a large group of Deobandi scholars formed the political party
Through the organisations such as Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and Tablighi Jamaat,[6][8][9] the Deobandi movement began to spread.[10][11] Graduates of Darul Uloom Deoband in India from countries such as South Africa, China, and Malaysia opened thousands of madaaris throughout the world.[12]
India
The Deobandi movement in India is controlled by the Darul Uloom Deoband and the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.[clarification needed][citation needed]
Pakistan
Of Pakistan's estimated 230 million Muslims, some 15-30% or 40-80 million
Deobandi-affiliated groups such as the
Bangladesh
As with the rest of the Indian subcontinent, the majority of
Afghanistan
Deobandi Islam is the most popular form of pedagogy in the Pashtun belt on both sides of the Durand Line that separates Afghanistan and Pakistan.[15][1] Moreover, prominent Afghan and Pakistani Taliban leaders have studied in Deobandi seminaries.[19]
South Africa
The Deobandi Movement has an international presence today, with its full-fledged manifestation in South Africa, a country where the movement was initiated through the Indian
Iran
Students from various regions, including Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran, attended Deoband, which led to the spread of its founders ideas.[22] This movement had a significant impact on some of the new generation of Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[23] After entering Iran, the students of this school continued to expand this thinking and with the formation of missionary groups. These thoughts have been strengthened on one hand due to the cultural relationships between the Baloch tribes and on the other hand due to the connection of Sistan and Baluchestan's Iran and India's Hanafi religious leaders in Iran.[24] Today, Deobandi thinking is one of the intellectual currents in Sistan and Baluchestan and preaching groups are active in different cities and villages. Its playing a crucial role in Iran's political landscape. The Deobandis aimed to homogenize religious schools and were opposed to certain popular practices. The Naqshbandi order played an important role in the Deobandi school of thought in the Persian-speaking world.[25]
United Kingdom
In the 1970s, Deobandis opened the first British-based Muslim religious seminaries (Darul-Ulooms), educating imams and religious scholars.[26] Deobandis "have been quietly meeting the religious and spiritual needs of a significant proportion of British Muslims, and are perhaps the most influential British Muslim group."[26] In 2015 Ofsted highlighted the Deobandi seminary in Holcombe as a good example of a school "promoting British values, preventing radicalisation and protecting children".[27] The journalist, Andrew Norfolk, did not agree with this assessment.[28]
According to a 2007 report by Andrew Norfolk, published in
In 2014 it was reported that 45 per cent of Britain's mosques and nearly all the UK-based training of Islamic scholars are controlled by the Deobandi, the largest single Islamic group.[31]
Most Muslim prison chaplaincies in Britain are Deobandi, and in 2016
Beliefs
The Deobandi movement sees itself as a scholastic tradition that grew out of the Islamic scholastic traditions of Medieval
Theology
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Maturidism |
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Background |
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In tenets of faith, the Deobandis follow the
Their schools teach a short text on beliefs known asThe official Deobandi book,
Fiqh (Islamic law)
Deobandis are strong proponents of the doctrine of
With regard to views on Taqlid, one of their main opposing reformist groups are the
Hadith
In response to this need to defend their madhhab in the light of scripture, Deobandis became particularly distinguished for their unprecedented salience to the study of Hadith in their madrasas. Their madrasa curriculum incorporates a feature unique among the global arena of Islamic scholarship, the Daura-e Hadis, the capstone year of a student's advanced madrasa training, in which all six canonical collections of the Sunni Hadith (the Sihah Sittah) are reviewed.[49]
In a Deobandi madrasa, the position of Shaykh al-Hadith, or the resident professor of
Sufism
Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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Our way is following the greatest Imam, Abu Hanifa al-Nu'man – Allah Exalted is He be pleased with him – in the peripherals; and followers of the noble Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari and the noble Imam Abu Mansur al-Maturidi (Allah be pleased with them) in creed and the fundamentals; and that we are adherents to the following Sufi ways: the most distinguished way of the Naqshbandi masters, the most pure way of the Chishti masters, the most glorious way of the Qadiri masters, and the most radiant way of the Suhrawardi masters (Allah be pleased with them all). — Al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad (Questions One and Two)
However despite this, Deobandis argue for a reformed version of Sufism. They generally oppose
However most Deobandi leaders incorporate elements of sober Sufism into their practices and believe it to be a fundamental part of the religion.Deoband's curriculum combined the study of
Founders of the Deobandi school,
The reality of "tasawwuf" is merely correction of intention. It begins with "actions are only according to intentions" and ends with "that you worship Him (Allah) as if you see Him."[60]
Positions
According to Brannon D. Ingram, Deobandis differ from Barelvis on three theological positions.
Scholarship
Deobandi fiqh
Deobandi hadith studies
Politics
Deobandi jihadism
Organizations
Jamiat Ulema-I-Hind
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind is one of the leading Deobandi organizations in India. It was founded in British India in 1919 by Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi, Sanaullah Amritsari and several other scholars including Kifayatullah Dehlawi who was elected its first interim president.[79] The Jamiat has propounded a theological basis for its nationalistic philosophy. Their thesis is that Muslims and non-Muslims have entered upon a mutual contract in India since independence, to establish a secular state.[80]The Constitution of India represents this contract.[81]
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) is a Deobandi organization, part of the Deobandi movement.[82] The JUI formed when members broke from the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in 1945 after that organization backed the Indian National Congress against the Muslim League's lobby for a separate Pakistan.[83] The first president of the JUI was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
Tablighi Jamaat
Tablighi Jamaat, a non-political Deobandi missionary organisation, began as an offshoot of the Deobandi movement.[89] Its inception is believed to be a response to Hindu reform movements, which were considered a threat to vulnerable and non-practising Deobandi Muslims. It gradually expanded from a local to a national organisation, and finally to a transnational movement with followers in over 200 countries. Although its beginnings were from the Deobandi movement, it has now established an independent identity though it still maintains close ties with Deobandi ulema in many countries with large South Asian Muslim populations such as the UK.[90]
Associated political organizations
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
- Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
- Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
- Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan
- Islami Andolan Bangladesh
- Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
Associated militant organizations
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Taliban
The Taliban ("students"), alternative spelling Taleban,[98] is an Islamic fundamentalist political and militant movement in Afghanistan. It spread into Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until December 2001, with Kandahar as the capital. While in power, it enforced its strict interpretation of
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
The TTP is not directly affiliated with the Afghan Taliban movement led by
Sipah-e-Sahaba
Institutions
Right after
Scholars
- Mahmud Deobandi (died 1886) – First teacher of Darul Uloom Deoband.[121]
- Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920) – Popularly known as "Shaykh al-Hind".[122][123]
- Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)[124]
- Ubaidullah Sindhi (1863–1943) – Freedom fighter and Life Member of Jamia Millia Islamia.
- Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)[125]
- Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)[126]
- Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi (1884–1944) – Founder of Tablighi Jamaat.[127]
- Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949)[128]
- Uzair Gul Peshawari (1886–1989), Freedom Fighter and Former Head of Madrasa Rahmania in Roorkee.
- Muhammad Shafi Deobandi (1897–1976)[129]
- Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (1898–1982)[130]
- Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi (1910–1991), Former Head of the Islamic studies department of Jamia Millia Islamia.
- Abdul Matin Chowdhury (1915–1990)[131]
- Fazlul Karim (1935–2006) pirsahebcharmonai.com Archived 8 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board.[132]
- Abdur Rahman Bangladeshi (1920–2015) – He was the founder director of Islamic Research Center Bangladesh, Dhaka & Many Deobandi school. Ex chairman of the Shariah Council of Many Islamic Bank.[133]
- Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018) – former (Amir of Tablighi Jamaat Pakistan Chapter).[134]
- Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005)[135]
- Khalid Mahmood (1925–2020) – UK. He was the founder and Director of The Islamic Academy of Manchester.[136] which was established in 1974. He served formerly as a Professor at Murray College Sialkot and also at MAO College Lahore. He obtained a PhD in Comparative Religion from University of Birmingham in 1970. He has authored over 50 books, and has served as the Justice of Supreme court of Pakistan (Shariat Appellate Bench).[137]
- Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi.
- Usman Mansoorpuri (1944-2021) – First National President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind's Mahmood faction.
- Yusuf Motala (1946–2019) – UK; Founder and senior lecturer at Dar al-Ulum Bury, one of the oldest Deobandi Madrasas in the West; "He is a scholar's scholar – many of the United Kingdom's young Deobandi scholars have studied under his patronage."[138]
- Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020) – Former Secretary General of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh.[139]
- Ebrahim Desai, South Africa – Mufti and founder of Askimam fatwa portal.[120]
Contemporary Deobandis
- Mahmudul Hasan, Bangladesh – President of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh and Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, Chancellor of Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Madania, Amir of Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq Bangladesh.[140]
- Syed Rezaul Karim Vice President of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh and Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, Amir of Islami Andolan Bangladesh, President of the Bangladesh Mujahid Committee and Bangladesh Quran Education Board
- A F M Khalid Hossain – Bangladesh.
- Abdul Halim Bukhari, Bangladesh – Chancellor of Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya
- Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh.[141]
- Syed Faizul Karim Senior Vice President of Islami Andolan Bangladesh. He is also the Vice President of Bangladesh Mujahid Committee and Bangladesh Quran Education Board and Central Member of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Khelafat Youth Majlish.[142]
- Muhibbullah Babunagari, Chief advisor of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (born 1935)
- Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Pakistan – Former President and senior lecturer of Darul Uloom Karachi.[143]
- Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Pakistan – Vice-president of Dar al-Ulum Karachi, Former judge on the Shariah Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Deputy Chairman of the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the OIC, leading scholar of Islamic Finance,[144] and often considered to be a leading scholar and figurehead of the Deobandi movement.[145]
- Nurul Islam Jihadi, Secretary General of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh. (born 1948)
- Mufassir from Bangladesh.[146]
- Tariq Jameel, Pakistan – Prominent scholar and preacher from the Tablighi Jama'at.[147]
- Ismail ibn Musa Menk, Zimbabwean scholar.[148]
- Taha Karaan, late South African scholar and jurist (d.2021).
- Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera, Mufti and founder of Whitethread Institute and Zamzam Academy.
- Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband.
- Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi, founder and rector of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah.
- Mahfuzul Haque, secretary general of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh.
- Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari, founder and chief-Mufti of Darul Ifta Leicester.
- Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi, Iraninan Sunni Scholar who is regarded as a "spiritual leader for Iran’s Sunni Muslim population".[149]
- Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi, Chicago-based Indian Scholar and the founder of Darul Uloom Online.
Legacy
Works about Deobandism
- Islamic Revival in British India
- Revival from Below
- The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan
- A Special Issue on The Deoband Madrasa, The Muslim World[150]
See also
References
General citations
- ^ CTC Sentinel. 2 (11). West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center: 19–22. Archived from the originalon 21 January 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
- ^ "The Six Great Ones". Darul Uloom Deoband. Archived from the original on 8 March 2016.
- ^ a b c
Syed, Jawad; Pio, Edwina; Kamran, Tahir; Zaidi, Abbas, eds. (2016). Faith-Based Violence and Deobandi Militancy in Pakistan. Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, drew further inspiration from the religiopoliticial concept of Shah Waliullah and they set up an Islamic seminary at Deoband in UPon 30 May 1866
- ^ ISBN 0521779332
- ^ ISBN 978-81-7132-598-6.
- ^ a b c d e Ali, Asghar (9 April 2011). "Islamic identity in secular India". The Milli Gazette.
The Ulama of Deoband opposed partition and stood by united nationalism. Maulana Husain Ahmad Madani, then chief of Jami'at-ul-Ulama-i-Hind, wrote a tract Muttahida Qaumiyyat aur Islam i.e., the Composite Nationalism and Islam justifying composite nationalism in the light of Qur'an and hadith and opposing Muslim League's separate nationalism. While the educated elite were aspiring for power and hence wanted their exclusive domain; the Ulama's priority was an independent India where they could practice Islam without fear or hindrance.
- ^ A History of Pakistan and Its Origins, Christophe Jaffrelot, p. 224
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- ^ Kuiper, Matthew J. (22 February 2018). "Tablighi Jamaʿat—Oxford Islamic Studies Online". www.oxfordbibliographies.com. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 3 March 2018.
- ISBN 978-1472532237. p. 191.
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- ^ ISBN 978-0-415-57224-8.
- ^ Pike, John (5 July 2011). "Barelvi Islam". GlobalSecurity.org. Archived from the original on 8 December 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2020.
By one estimate, in Pakistan, the Shias are 18%, Ismailis 2%, Ahmediyas 2%, Barelvis 50%, Deobandis 20%, Ahle Hadith 4%, and other minorities 4%. [...] By another estimate some 15% of Pakistan's Sunni Muslims would consider themselves Deobandi, and some 60% are of the Barelvi tradition based mostly in the province of Punjab. But some 64% of the total seminaries are run by Deobandis, 25% by the Barelvis, 6% by the Ahle Hadith and 3% by various Shiite organisations.
- ^ Bedi, Rohan (April 2006), Have Pakistanis Forgotten Their Sufi Traditions? (PDF), Singapore: International Centre for Political Violence and Terrorism Research at Nanyang Technological University, p. 3, archived from the original (PDF) on 2 November 2013.
This estimates that 15% of Pakistani Muslims are Deobandi and 20% Shia, which equates to about 19% of Pakistan's Sunni Muslims being Deobandi. - ^ ISBN 978-8124110751.
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- ^ "Hanafi Islam".
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- ^ "The Past and Future of Deobandi Islam". Combating Terrorism Center at West Point. 3 November 2009. Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 25 August 2020.
- ^ Moosa, Ebrahim (2015), "Deobandīs in Africa", Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Brill, retrieved 13 February 2023
- ^ Khalili, Muhammadullah (2016). "Influence of Deoband School of Thought In South Africa". University of KwaZulu-Natal: 15. Archived from the original on 29 October 2022. Retrieved 13 February 2023.
- doi:10.22111/jsr.2013.848 (inactive 31 January 2024).)
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- ^ Durani 2013, p. 22.
- ^ Salman, Peerzada (21 May 2015). "The role of Deobandi school of thought in Iran discussed". Dawn.
- ^ a b Ahmed, Abdul-Azim (12 August 2016), "Who are Britain's Muslims?", On Religion magazine, archived from the original on 9 August 2018, retrieved 9 August 2018
- ^ The Annual Report of Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Education, Children's Services and Skills 2014/15 (PDF), House of Commons, 1 December 2015, pp. 95–96 Alternative URL.
- ^ a b Norfolk, Andrew (19 April 2016), "Prisons chief praises extreme Islamic sect", The Times
- ^ Norfolk, Andrew (7 September 2007). "Hardline takeover of British Masjid". The Times.
- ^ Bunglawala, Inayat (7 September 2007), "A toxic mix of fact and nonsense", The Guardian
- ^ Bowen, Innes (14 June 2014). "Who runs our mosques?". The Spectator.
- ^ "Maslak of Ulama-e-Deoband – Darul Uloom Deoband – India".
- ^ Bokhari, Kamran (23 November 2021). "The Long Shadow of Deobandism in South Asia". Newslines Magazine. Archived from the original on 23 November 2021.
- ^ "History of Darul Uloom Deoband", Vol.1, 1980
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4384-5370-5.
- ^ David Emmanuel Singh, Islamization in Modern South Asia: Deobandi Reform and the Gujjar Response, p 167.
- ^ ibnummabd on 19 February 2009 at 6:04 pm (19 February 2009). "About". Deoband.org. Archived from the original on 21 September 2013. Retrieved 29 April 2013.
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Commins, David (2016) [2006], The Mission and the Kingdom: Wahhabi Power behind the Saudi throne, I.B.Tauris, p. 144, ISBN 9781838609528,
That tendency [of reviving the community of believers] emerged in a town north of Delhi called Deoband and it is therefore known as the Deobandi movement. While they shared the Wahhabis' dedication to ritual correctness, their scrupulous adherence to the Hanafi legal school clearly set them apart from the Arabian Hanbalis.
- LCCN 2018014045.
- ISBN 1850438544
- ^ Metcalf, Barabara. "Traditionalist" Islamic Activism: Deoband, Tablighis, and Talibs Archived 1 September 2009 at the Wayback Machine. "These orientations – "Deobandi," "Barelvi" or "Ahl-i Hadith" – would come to define sectarian divisions among Sunni Muslims of South Asian background to the present."
- ^ Haque, Ziaul (1975). "Muslim Religious Education in Indo-Pakistan". Islamic Studies. 14 (4). Islamic Research Institute, International Islamic University, Islamabad: 284.
The following books and subjects are studied ... Fiqh: Hidayah, Quduri, Nur al-Idah, Sharh-i Waqayah, Kanz al-Daqa'iq
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- ^ Khan, Fareeha (2008). Traditionalist Approaches to Shari'ah Reform: Mawlana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi's Fatwa on Women's Right to Divorce (Thesis). University of Michigan. p. 59.
Polemicists from among the Ahl-i Hadith were especially being targeted in Thanawi's explanation, since they accused those who adhered to the rulings of one scholar or legal school of "blind imitation". It was the practice of the Ahl-i Hadith to demand and provide proofs for every argument and legal ruling.
- ^ Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. p. 24.
The Deobandi sensitivity to the Ahl-i Hadith challenge is indicated by the polemics they engaged in with the Ahl-i Hadith and by the large commentaries on classical works of hadith written specifically to refute them
- ^ Zaman, Muhammad Qasim (2002). The Ulama in Contemporary Islam: Custodians of Change. Princeton University Press. p. 39.
...gave a new and, in the Indian context, unprecedented salience to the study of hadith in their madrasas. Hadith had, of course, been studied in precolonial Indian madrasas, but the Deobandis instituted the practice of studying (or, more exactly, "reviewing") all six of the Sunni canonical collections of hadith in the course of a single year; this practice has come to serve in Indian and Pakistani madrasas as the capstone of a student's advanced madrasa
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DEOBANDIS... It was a pioneer effort to transmit the religious sciences, specifically the dars-i-nizami identified with the Lucknow-based 'ulama' of Farangi Mahal.. The goal of the school was to preserve the teachings of the faith in a period of non-Muslim rule and considerable social change...
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- Ulema of Deoband. It was founded by the dedicated freedom fighter Sheikh-Ul-Hindi Maulana Mahmudul Hasan of Darul-Uloom, Deoband. Jamiat played a very active role in India's freedom struggle.
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- ^ Ahmad, Tufail (21 March 2012). "Using Twitter, YouTube, Facebook and Other Internet Tools, Pakistani Terrorist Group Lashkar-e-Jhangvi Incites Violence against Shi'ite Muslims and Engenders Antisemitism". The Middle East Media Research Insititue, memri.org. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
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A predominantly Punjabi group, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is linked with the 2002 murder of US reporter Daniel Pearl and other militant attacks, particularly in the southern city of Karachi.
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As soon as it took power though, the Taliban imposed its strict interpretation of Islamic law on the country
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The Taliban's mindset is, however, equally if not more deaned by Pashtunwali
- ^ James Gerstenzan; Lisa Getter (18 November 2001). "Laura Bush Addresses State of Afghan Women". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ "Women's Rights in the Taliban and Post-Taliban Eras". A Woman Among Warlords. PBS. 11 September 2007.
- ^ a b Bajoria, Jayshree (6 February 2008). "Pakistan's New Generation of Terrorists". Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from the original on 14 May 2009.
- ^ a b Abbas, Hassan (January 2008). "A Profile of Tehrik-I-Taliban Pakistan". CTC Sentinel. 1 (2). West Point, NY: Combating Terrorism Center: 1–4. Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
- ^ Pir Zubair Shah; Taimoor Shah (26 March 2009). "Pakistani and Afghan Taliban Unify in Face of U.S. Influx". The New York Times.
- ^ Shane, Scott (22 October 2009). "Insurgents Share a Name, but Pursue Different Goals". The New York Times.
- ^ a b B. Raman, "Musharraf's Ban: An Analysis", South Asia Analysis Group , Paper no. 395, 18 January 2002
- ^ a b "Pakistan: The Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP), including its activities and status", Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 26 July 2005
- ^ "Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan, Terrorist Group of Pakistan". www.satp.org.
- ^ "2009: Southern Punjab extremism battle between haves and have-nots". Dawn. Pakistan. 22 May 2011.
- ^ Mahmood, Hamid (2012). The Dars-e-Nizami and the Transnational Traditionalist Madaris in Britain (PDF). pp. 7, 17.
In the UK the Dār al-'Ulūm al-'Arabiyyah al-Islāmiyyah (Bury madrasa) and Jāmi'at ta'līm al-Islām (Dewsbury madrasa) are considered the 'Oxbridge' of the traditional madrasa world....The need for leadership and imams increased alongside the increasing number of Mosques and in 1975 the first madrasa was established in a village called Holcombe situated near Bury – known as Dār al-'Ulūm Bury or Bury Madrasa.
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- ^ Mohamed, Yasien (2002). "Islamic Education in South Africa" (PDF). ISIM Newsletter. 9: 30.
opportunities for studies were created locally when in 1971 the first Darul-Ulum was established in Newcastle, Kwazulu Natal. This Darul-Ulum was based on the Darsi-Nizami course from Deoband, India.
- ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
It became clear through field research by the author that Deobandi schools in several countries increasingly rely on graduates from Azaadville and Lenasia. The two schools and their graduates are functioning as network multiplicators between Deobandi schools worldwide.
- ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
The Islamic schools in Lenasia and Azaadville in South Africa represent prominent examples of schools that provide religious education in a format which is firmly rooted in traditions and interpretations of Islam originating outside South Africa. Established by the Muslim minority community of the country, the schools follow the Deobandi interpretation of Islam from South Asia.
- ISBN 978-3-8309-2554-5. Archived from the original(PDF) on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
For the Tablighi Jama'at, the two schools are important switchboards for their preaching activities in South Africa, in Africa proper and around the world.
- ^ ISBN 978-9957-428-37-2. Archived(PDF) from the original on 13 September 2018.
- ^ David Emmanuel Singh, The Independent Madrasas of India: Dar al-'Ulum, Deoband and Nadvat al-'Ulama, Lucknow (PDF), Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, archived from the original (PDF) on 24 November 2020, retrieved 4 September 2020
- ^ Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 35–37.
He began teaching the basic subjects and was regularly promoted until he became the head-teacher and the Shaykh al-Hadith. He served the Darul Uloom until 1914 (1333)...The Shaykh was very active politically as well. A movement known as Reshmi Roomal was formed in India to remove the British. He played a major role in advancing this movement.
- ^ Abu Ghuddah, Abd al-Fattah (1997). تراجم ستة من فقهاء العالم الإسلامي في القرن الرابع عشر وآشارهم الفقهية (in Arabic). Beirut: Dar al-Basha'ir al-Islamiyyah. p. 15.
وكان أكبر كبارها وشيخ شيوخها الشيخ محمود حسن الديوبندي الملقب بشيخ العالم، والمعروف بشيخ الهند، وكان في الحديث الشريف مسند الوقت ورحلة الأقطار الهندية. (Trans. And the greatest of its [Dar al-Ulum Deoband's] great ones, and the shaykh of its shaykhs was Shaykh Mahmud Hasan al-Deobandi, who is entitled (al-mulaqqab) Shaykh al-'Aalam, and popularly known (al-ma'ruf bi) as Shaykh al-Hind. In regards to the noble Hadith, he was the authority of his time (musnid al-waqt), whom students traveled from all parts of India [to study with].
- ISBN 0-520-08093-9.
The Bihishti Zewar was written by Maulana Ashraf 'Ali Thanawi (1864–1943), a leader of the Deobandi reform movement that crystallized in north India in the late nineteenth century...Maulana Thanawi was an extraordinary successful exponent of reform.
- ^ Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 68–70.
This great Hafiz of Hadith, excellent Hanafi jurist, legist, historian, linguist, poet, researcher and critic, Muhammad Anwar Shah Kashmiri...He went to the biggest Islamic University inIndia, the Darul Uloom al-Islamiyah in Deoband...He contributed greatly to the Hanafi Madhab...He wrote many books, approximately 40...Many renowned and erudite scholars praised him and acknowledged his brilliance...Many accomplished scholars benefited from his vast knowledge.
- ^ Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 215–216.
After Shaykh al-Hind's demise, he was unanimously acknowledged as his successor. ..He was the President of the Jamiat Al-Ulama-Hind for about twenty years...He taught Sahih Al-Bukhari for about thirty years. During his deanship, the strength of the students academically impred...About 4483 students graduated and obtained a continuous chain of transmission (sanad) in Hadith during his period.
- .
In recent years, the Islamic missionary movement of the Tablighi Jama'at has attracted increasing attention, not only in South Asia, but around the globe...The Tablighi movement came into being in 1926 when Muhammad Ilyas (1885–1944) started preaching correct religious practices and observance of rituals...Starting with Ilyas' personal association with the Dar al-Ulum of Deoband, the movement has been supported by religious scholars, 'ulama', propagating the purist teachings of this seminary located in the north Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
- ^ Ahmed, Shoayb (2006). Muslim Scholars of the 20th Century. Al-Kawthar Publications. pp. 167–170.
He completed his formal education [from Deoband] in 1907 (1325) with specialization in Hadith. Thereafter he taught for some time at the Dar al-Uloom Deoband...He supported the resolution for the independence of Pakistan and assisted Muhammad Ali Jinnah...He was given the task of hoisting the flag of Pakistan...Due to his tremendous effort, the first constitution of Pakistan was based on the Quraan and Sunnah...Fath Al-Mulhim bi Sharh Sahih Muslim. Even though he passed away before being able to complete the book it was accepted and praised by many renowned scholars. These include Shaykh Muhammad Zahid al-Kawthari and Shaykh Anwar Shah Kashmiri.
- ^ Usmani, Muhammad Taqi (December 2011). "Shaykh Mufti Muhammad Shafi': The Grand Mufti of Pakistan". Deoband.org. Translated by Rahman, Zameelur. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
The scholar of great learning, Shaykh Mufti Muhammad Shafi' (Allah Almighty have mercy on him), is counted amongst the leading 'ulama of India and Pakistan...He completed his studies in the year 1325 H, and because he was from the advanced students in the period of his studies, the teachers of the Dar al-'Ulum selected him to become a teacher there...the teachers appointed him as the head of the Fatwa Department at Dar al-'Ulum...Ma'arif al-Qur'an. This is a valuable exegesis of the Noble Qur'an which Shaykh [Muhammad Shafi'] compiled in the Urdu language in 8 large volumes.
- ^ Bashir, Aamir (2013). Shari'at and Tariqat: A Study of the Deobandi Understanding and Practice of Tasawwuf (PDF). Dar al-Sa'adah Publications. p. 117. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2017. Retrieved 5 November 2013.
Muhammad Zakariyya can be termed as the "Reviver of Deobandi tasawwuf." He is the last in the long line of prominent scholar Sufis who epitomized Deobandi characteristics.
- ^ al-Mahmud, A.H.; Hasan, Syed Mahmudul (2008). সননাতে নববীর মরত পরতীক: মাওলানা আবদল মতিন চৌধরী শাযখে ফলবাডী রাহ. pp. 78–81.
- ^ "Shah Ahmed Shafi, chief of Bangladesh Islamist group Hifazat-e Islam, dies". bdnews24.com.
- ^ "Noted Islamic scholar Mufti Abdur Rahman passes away". BD Chronicle. Archived from the original on 12 November 2015.
- ^ S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 69.
Leader of the Pakistan chapter of the Tablighi Jamaat [...] Hajji Abd al-Wahhab is a prominent Pakistani scholar with a significant following in South Asia and the United Kingdom...Abd al-Wahhab's work[...] stems from the prominent Islamic institution Darul Uloom Deoband, in India, where the latter studied before establishing a following in Pakistan.
- ^ আললামা গহরপরী পরিচিতি. jamiagohorpur.com (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 17 August 2019. Retrieved 17 August 2019.
- ^ Islamic Academy of Manchester The Islamic Academy of Manchester
- ^ Kamran, Mohammad (3 December 2003). "SC Shariat Bench to hear appeal on presidential remissions today". Daily Times. Pakistan. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012.
- ^ S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 114.
- ^ "Nur Hossain Kasemi passes away at 75". The Daily Star. 14 December 2020.
- ^ "Mahmudul Hasan new chairman of Qawmi Madrasa Education Board". The Daily Star. 3 October 2020.
- ^ "Babunagari denounces government's claim of no death in Hefazat's 2013 protest". Dhaka Tribune. 5 November 2018.
- ^ বাংলাদেশ খেলাফত মজলিসের নতন কমিটি গঠন [Formation of new committee of Bangladesh Khilafah Majlis]. Daily Naya Diganta (in Bengali).
- ^ Rahman, Azizur-. (Translated by Muhammad Shameem) (ed.). Introducing Darul-'Uloom Karachi (PDF). Public Information Department: Darul Uloom Karachi. p. 21. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 January 2014.
- ^ "Mufti Taqi Usmani". Albalagh. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
- ^ S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 89.
Leading scholar for the Deobandis...Usmani is very important as a figurehead in the Deobandi movement
- ^ "Sylhet: Renowned Islamic scholar Allama Nurul Islam Olipuri speaking at the first day of the three daylong Tafsirul Quran Mahfil as Chief Guest in Sylhet organised by Khademul Quran Parishad, Sylhet recently". The New Nation.
- ^ S. Abdallah Schleifer, ed. (2012). The Muslim 500: The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims. Amman: The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre. p. 134.
He has been very effective in influencing all types of the communities ranging from businessmen and landlords to ministers and sports celebrities.
- ^ Chimp Corps (28 April 2021). "Kyankwanzi: President Museveni, Mufti Menk Discuss 'Unity in Diversity'". ChimpReports. Archived from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
- ^ "Iranian Sunni cleric says executions may inflame regional tensions". Reuters. 6 August 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2023.
- ^ "Special Issue:A Special Issue on The Deoband Madrasa".
Bibliography
- OCLC 16907808.