Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
NGO | |
Legal status | Active |
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Purpose | Initially to carry on non-violent freedom struggle against the British rule in India, its current purpose is the development of the Indian Muslim community |
Headquarters | 1, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi |
Location |
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Region served | India |
Membership | Over 12 Million, and millions of followers. |
Official languages | Urdu and English |
Secretary General |
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President |
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Publication | Al-Kifah (Arabic journal; 1973–1987) |
Website | |
The Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind split into two groups in March 2008, one being the Arshad group and the other Mahmood group, both denoted with "A" and "M". |
Part of a series on |
Islam |
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Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind or Jamiat Ulama-i-Hind (
The Jamiat was an active participant in the
The constitution of the Jamiat was drafted by Kifayatullah Dehlawi. As of 2021, it is spread over various states of India and has established institutions and wings such as the Idara Mabahith-e-Fiqhiyyah, the Jamiat National Open School, the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind Halal Trust, the Legal Cell Institute and the Jamiat Youth Club. Arshad Madani succeeded his brother Asad Madani as the president in February 2006, however the organization split into the Arshad group and Mahmood group in March 2008. Usman Mansoorpuri became the president of the Mahmood group and continued to serve the position until his death in May 2021. Mahmood Madani succeeded him as the interim president before being appointed the president on 18 September 2021. Arshad Madani serves as the president of Arshad group.
History
Inception and development
On 23 November 1919, the
Jamiat, also romanised as "jam'iyyat", is a term in an Islamic context referring to an assembly, league or other organisation.[6] The word originated from the Arabic word for gathering (جمع), and is used in Urdu as a noun.[7][8]
The first general meeting of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind was held at
When the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind was founded, Kifayatullah Dehlawi was appointed interim president and Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi was made an interim secretary.[11] The Jamiat formed its first governing body at its first general meeting, which was held at Amritsar.[2][12] The second general meeting of the Jamiat was held during November 1920 in Delhi, where Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was appointed the president and Kifayatullah Dehlawi the vice-president. Hasan died several days after (on 30 November) and Kifayatullah continued to serve as the vice-president whilst concurrently serving as interim-president, until he was permanently appointed president on 6 September 1921.[11] The scholars of the Darul Uloom Deoband associated with the Jamiat only after Mahmud Hasan Deobandi was released, and they had no substantial role in its establishment.[13] It is now considered a major organisation belonging to the scholars of Deoband.[14]
Governance
The earliest principles and constitution of the Jamiat were written by Kifayatullah Dehlawi. In the first general meeting in Amritsar it was decreed that these be published and opinions gathered from a group of scholars in attendance, and that it then be discussed again at the next meeting.[15] The principles and constitution were ratified in the second meeting, held in Delhi and presided over by Mahmud Hasan Deobandi.[15] There it was decided that the organisation would be called the "Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind", its headquarters located in Delhi, and its stamp state, "Al-Jamiat al-Markaziyyah li al-Ulama il-Hind" (transl. "The Central Council of the Scholars of India").[15] It aimed to defend Islam from any external or alien threat; to guide common folk in politics through the lens of Islamic precepts; and to establish an Islamic court, the Darul Qadha.[15]
The first governing body of the Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind was formed in
The first working committee was formed over the 9th and 10th of February 1922, in Delhi.[2] It consisted of nine people; Abdul Haleem Siddiqi, Abdul Majid Qadri Badayuni, Abdul Qadir Qusoori, Ahmadullah Panipati, Hakim Ajmal Khan, Hasrat Mohani, Kifayatullah Dehlawi, Mazharuddin and Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.[12] In March 1922 the number was increased to twelve, and Abdul Qadeer Badayuni, Azad Subhani and Ibrahim Sialkoti were added to the working body.[12] The Jamiat elected Murtaza Hasan Chandpuri and Nisar Ahmad Kanpuri as the vice-presidents on 15 January 1925.[12]
The Jamiat has an organisational network which is spread across India. It also has an Urdu daily newspaper, the Al-Jamiyat.[16] The newspaper was banned by the British government of India in 1938, but was restarted on 23 December 1947 with Muhammad Miyan Deobandi appointed its editor.[17] The Jamiat propounds a theological basis for its nationalistic philosophy, which is that Muslims and non-Muslims have entered upon a mutual contract in India, since independence, to establish a secular state. The Constitution of India represents this contract. This is known in Urdu as a mu'ahadah. Accordingly, as the Muslim community's elected representatives support and swear allegiance to this mu'ahadah, so too is it the responsibility of Indian Muslims to support the Indian Constitution. This mu'ahadah is similar to a previous similar contract signed between the Muslims and the Jews in Medina.[16]
Independence movement
On 8 September 1920, the Jamiat issued a religious edict, called Fatwa Tark-e-Mawalat, boycotting British goods. This was authored by
The Jamiat's scholars were arrested frequently, and its general secretary Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi spent fifteen years of his life in jail.[22] The Jamiat secured pledges from the Muslim community that they would avoid using British cloth and enrolled about fifteen thousand volunteers to participate in the Salt March.[21] Kifayatullah Dehlawi, the co-founder of the Jamiat, was imprisoned in Gujarat jail for six months in 1930 for participating in the civil disobedience movement. On 31 March 1932, he was arrested for leading a procession of over a hundred thousand people and imprisoned in Multan jail for eighteen months.[23] The general secretary of the Jamiat, Muhammad Miyan Deobandi, was arrested five times and his book Ulama-e-Hind ka Shāndār Māzī (transl. The Glorious Past of Indian Scholars) was seized for discussing the struggles of Muslim scholars against the ruling people, including the British Raj.[24] Hifzur Rahman Seoharwi, another scholar of the Jamiat, was arrested multiple times for campaigning against British colonialism.[25] He spent eight years in incarceration.[26]
Partition of India
Split into JUH-A and JUH-M
In March 2008, after the death of its former president
Centenary
The Jamiat celebrated its centenary in November 2019.[36] The Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F) held the centenary celebrations in Azakhel over two days starting on 7 April 2017.[36] It was attended by Saleh bin Abdul-Aziz Al ash-Sheikh.[37]
Anti-terror edict
In November 2008, 6000 scholars endorsed an anti-terror edict in the 29th general body meeting of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, held at
Hindu relations
In 2009, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind said that
In 1934, a few sections of the
In an interview with the Economic Times, Arshad Madani said that "We are citizens of this country and we have the rights over our places. We will continue to protect them till we die. Fate of one case is not fate of all cases. We still have faith in the judiciary of our country."[50] The position of the Jamiat was that no alternate site was acceptable for the Babri Masjid and Muslim organisations should not accept any offered replacement land or money.[51]
National Register of Citizens
The Mahmood faction of the Jamiat defended the
On the 2020 Delhi riots, Arshad Madani said in October 2020 that "it is not possible to control riots in the country without making the district administration accountable."[56] According to an October 2020 Ummid report, the Jamiat under his leadership was fighting the cases of Muslims accused in the Delhi riots and sixteen bail petitions were accepted by the Delhi High Court.[56]
Dowries
After a young woman named Ayesha committed suicide and her video went viral,[57] the Pune circle of the Jamiat launched a campaign against dowry practices in March 2021.[58] Scholars of the Jamiat said that they would use Friday prayers as a platform to make people aware of the issue.[58]
Implementation of population policy
JUH's Assam faction stated on 5 July 2021 that "the Jamiat will not support the [Indian government's population policy] if the government forcefully implements it".[59] Secretary Fazlul Karim Kasimi said that "birth control policies cannot be imposed upon minorities and population policy should be applicable to the majority. There should be a law on birth control for the majority."[59]
COVID-19 vaccinations
In June 2021, the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind's Gujarat unit held camps to raise awareness of COVID-19 vaccines. A group of sixty scholars participated in this drive from areas such as Bhavnagar and Palanpur.[60] A local scholar associated with the Jamiat, Imran Dheriwala, said that, "the community has a deep sense of mistrust towards the government concerning vaccines, but it is because of the faith of the people as well, that it is Allah who decides one's time of death and He protects even if one does not take a vaccine." He also said that, "we are trying to remove this misconception from people, as the teachings of Islam make it necessary for a person to go through medication in order to protect his life and thus vaccinations was necessary, and we are trying to spread this message."[60] The president of Jamiat's Arshad faction, Arshad Madani said that, "Whatever saves human lives is permissible. We should take the vaccine and protect ourselves and everybody around us from Covid-19."[61]
Merger process
The Times of India reported on 22 June 2022 that the two factions of the Jamiat have begun a merger process which might be materialised very soon.[62] The Hindu reported on 16 July 2022 that "the faction of the younger Madani is said to be agreeable to work under the senior Madani as Jamiat president."[63] On 28 May 2022, the Jamiat's M faction had invited its rival Arshad Madani to attend its general body meeting in Deoband, which he accepted. His acceptance of the invitation has been seen as his first step towards reconciliation.[63] In the Deoband meet, Arshad Madani expressed that "the Jamiat needs to come together so our voice can be stronger."[63]
Institutions
Idara Mabahith-e-Fiqhiyyah
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind established the Idara Mabahith-e-Fiqhiyyah (Institute of Juristic Discussions) in 1970 and Muhammad Miyan Deobandi was appointed its first director.[17][64] The institute organized its fifteenth juristic seminar in March 2019.[65] The seminar discussed whether Google AdSense, Paytm cash and other things related with mobile and internet were allowed under Islamic law. It was attended by Muslim jurists including Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri and Shabbir Ahmad Qasmi.[65]
Jamiat Youth Club
The Jamiat Youth Club was established in July 2018. It aims to provide youth with training in different self-defense techniques to deal with community crises.
Halal trust
The Jamiat has a halal-declaring agency known as the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind Halal Trust.[68] It was set up in 2009 and was recognised by the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia in 2011 as "a reliable and authoritative institution for issuing Halal Certificates to meat, meat products and slaughter houses."[68] As of April 2020, its secretary is Niaz Ahmad Farooqi.[69]
Jamiat National Open School
Jamiat National Open School was established in February 2021. It is similar to the
The Jamiat provides scholarships to students undertaking professional courses such as
Legal Cell Institute
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind also has the Legal Cell institute, through which it helps Muslims accused of terrorism to fight legal battles.
Other cases where the institute has provided legal aid in defense of the accused include those in the Mulund blast case, the Gateway of India blasts case, and the 13/7 Mumbai triple blasts.[76] The institute's support is not limited to Muslims, as they aided a Hindu man in 2012 who was given a death sentence, and he was later acquitted.[76] In March 2019, aided by the institute, eleven Muslims who had been booked under TADA were acquitted by the Special TADA Court after spending 25 years in jail.[81] In June 2021, two men were cleared of the UAPA charges after they spent nine years in jail, and they were seen thanking Gulzar Azmi of the Legal Cell for aiding them in the long legal battle.[82]
The head of the Legal Cell Institute, Gulzar Azmi, maintains that "We do not have any issues if terrorists are hanged, but what hurts us is when innocent people are falsely booked in terror cases."[83] In a more recent case, the institute has been reported to be helping two people accused of terror activities who have been arrested by the Anti-Terrorism Squad in July 2021. Arshad Madani was quoted as saying about this case that "the process of using terrorism as a weapon to destroy the lives of Muslim youth continues. Out legal struggle will continue till the honourable release of innocent Muslims."[84]
Publications division
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind also has a publications division through which it has published books such as Islam mai Imamat awr Imarat ka Tasawwur (The Concept of Leadership and Emirate in Islam), Hindustan aur Masla-e-Imarat (India and the Issue of Emirate) and Islam The Benevolent for all Constructive Programs of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind. [85][86]
Administration
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind has a general secretary; the first was Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi and the last general secretary of the united Jamiat was Mahmood Madani, who later on became the first general secretary of its Mahmood faction.[34][11][92] The current general secretary of the Mahmood faction is Hakeemuddin Qasmi.[92] In December 2020, Masoom Saqib Qasmi was appointed the general secretary of the Arshad faction.[93]
During 1920, Muhammad Sadiq Karachivi, a co-founder of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, established a state-unit of the Jamait in Karachi, and remained its president throughout his life.[94] The Jamiat now has state units throughout India. These include Jamiat Ulama Assam, Jamiat Ulama Bihar, Jamiat Ulama Jharkhand, Jamiat Ulama Karnataka, Jamiat Ulama Madhya Pradesh, Jamiat Ulama Maharashtra, Jamiat Ulama Odisha, Jamiat Ulama Rajasthan, Jamiat Ulama Uttar Pradesh, Jamiat Ulama Uttarakhand, Jamiat Ulama Telangana, and Jamiat Ulama West Bengal.[95][96][97] Islamic scholar and the founder of All India United Democratic Front, Badruddin Ajmal, is the state-president for the Assam unit.[52]
See also
References
Citations
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At the Jamiat Ulema Hind Maharashtra Legal Cell, a group engaged in providing legal help to the terror accused
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- ^ a b "مولانا محمود مدنی جمعیت علمائے ہند(م) کے قومی صدر منتخب" [Mahmood Madani appointed the president of Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind (M)]. Qindeel (in Urdu). 27 May 2021. Archived from the original on 27 May 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ "جمعیۃ علماء ہند کے ناظم عمومی منتخب ہونے پر مفتی معصوم ثاقب قاسمی کو جمعیۃ علماء کرناٹک نے پیش کی تہنیت" [Mufti Masoom Saqib Qasmi appointed the general secretary of the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind]. Baseerat Online (in Urdu). 26 December 2020. Archived from the original on 26 December 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2021.
- ^ Adrawi 2016, p. 127.
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- ^ Alam, Shane (17 February 2020). "جمعیت علماء مدھیہ پردیش نے لیا سی اے اے اور این پی آر کے خلاف صوبائی سطح پر تحریک چلانے کا فیصلہ" [Jamiat Ulama Madhya Pradesh decided to participate against the CAA and NPR at a state level]. Hindi Samachar (in Urdu). Archived from the original on 14 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
- ^ "Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind (M) governing body". Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind. Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
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- Mansoorpuri, Salman (2014). Tehreek Azadi-e-Hind Mai Muslim Ulama aur Awaam ka Kirdar [The Role of Indian Muslim scholars and people in the Independence Struggle] (in Urdu). Deoband: Deeni Kitab Ghar.
- Alternate edition: Mansoorpuri, Salman; Ahmad, Muizuddin (2004). Tehreek Azadi-e-Hind Mai Muslim Ulama aur Awaam ka Kirdar [The Role of Indian Muslim scholars and people in the Independence Struggle] (in Urdu). Deoband: Kutub Khana Naimia. OCLC 62342294.
- Alternate edition: Mansoorpuri, Salman; Ahmad, Muizuddin (2004). Tehreek Azadi-e-Hind Mai Muslim Ulama aur Awaam ka Kirdar [The Role of Indian Muslim scholars and people in the Independence Struggle] (in Urdu). Deoband: Kutub Khana Naimia.
- OCLC 16907808.
Further reading
- Adrawi, Asir. Tareekh Jamiat Ulama i Hind (in Urdu). Delhi: Al-Jamiat Book Depot.
- Malik, Rizwan (1995). Mawlǎnǎ Husayn Ahmad Madani and Jami'yat 'Ulamǎ'-i Hind 1920-1957: status of Islam and Muslims in India (Thesis). University of Toronto. OCLC 222319112.
- ISBN 978-1-78074-210-6
- Moj, Muhammad (2015), The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies, Anthem Press, ISBN 978-1-78308-389-3
- Shireen, Syeda Lubna (8 October 2014). A Study of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind with special reference to Hussain Ahmed Madani In Freedom Movement (A.D. 1919-A.D.1947) (Thesis). Aurangabad: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University. hdl:10603/54426. Retrieved 3 August 2021.