Myanmar–Pakistan relations
Pakistan |
Myanmar |
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Myanmar–Pakistan relations refers to the bilateral relationship between Myanmar and Pakistan. Myanmar and Pakistan maintain diplomatic and trade relations.
History
The bilateral relations were established on 14 August 1947 between
Early separatist insurgency
In May 1946, Muslim leaders from Arakan, Burma (present-day
In November 1948, martial law was declared in the region, and the 5th Battalion of the Burma Rifles and the 2nd Chin Battalion were sent to liberate the area. By June 1949, the Burmese government's control over the region was reduced to the city of Akyab, whilst the mujahideen had possession of nearly all of northern Arakan. After several months of fighting, Burmese forces were able to push the mujahideen back into the jungles of the Mayu region, near the country's border with East Pakistan.[citation needed]
In 1950, the Pakistani government warned its counterparts in Burma about their treatment of Muslims in Arakan. Burmese Prime Minister U Nu immediately sent a Muslim diplomat, Pe Khin, to negotiate a memorandum of understanding. In 1954, Kassem was arrested by Pakistani authorities, and many of his followers surrendered to the government.[6]
The post-independence government accused the mujahideen of encouraging the illegal immigration of thousands of
Diplomatic Relations
Pakistan has a diplomatic mission in Yangon, while Myanmar maintains a diplomatic office in Islamabad.
Pakistan International Airlines has flown to Yangon in the past and still operates Hajj charter flights on behalf of the Burmese government. [citation needed] Burma provided a route for the evacuation of the Dacca-based Pakistani Army Aviation Squadron after the
On 26 July 2012, a threat was made by the
Economic Relations
During the 1950-60s, trade between Myanmar (then Burma) and Pakistan was the largest as compared to other Southeast Asian countries. However, over the years, trade between Myanmar and Pakistan deteriorated. In 1995, bilateral trade was US$31001010192824 million, it declined to US$10 million in 1999. Later, in 2000, trade improved to US$24 million. The present trade volume between Myanmar and Pakistan is US$70 million far less than their latent potentials. Myanmar's exports to Pakistan are fruits, vegetable products, wood, seafood, jute and other textile fibers, medicinal plants are being imported from Myanmar. Whereas Pakistan's exports to Myanmar include Military technology, medicament mixtures, cement, medicinal plants, leather, cotton fabrics, electro-medical apparatus.
In January 2012, former
Security Relations
Myanmar has developed military level relations with Pakistan.[14] Pakistan trains Myanmar military personnel in Pakistani Military Tactics at various institutions throughout Pakistan as well as both countries are undergoing a deal to purchase Pakistani fighter jets.[15]
Pakistan has taught submarine skills to the Myanmar Navy.[16] It was reported in June 2013 that around 20 officers from Myanmar Navy visited Karachi in late April/early May to begin basic submarine training with Pakistan Navy at PNS Bahadur.[17]
In August 2014, Air Chief Marshal
On May 7, 2015,
On May 21, 2015,
Military Base
On June 11, 2017,
Notes
- ^ "Pakistan for boosting bilateral economic ties with Myanmar: President | Associated Press of Pakistan". Archived from the original on 2019-01-25. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ Thit Maung, Yebaw (1989). Civil Insurgency in Burma. Yangon: Ministry of Information. p. 30.
- ^ Hugh Tinker, The Union of Burma: A Study of the First Year of Independence, (London, New York, and Toronto: Oxford University Press) 1957, p. 357.
- ^ Aye Chan (2–3 June 2011). On the Mujahid Rebellion in Arakan read in the International Conference of Southeast Asian Studies at Pusan University of Foreign Studies, Republic of Korea.
- ^ Thit Maung, Yebaw (1989). Civil Insurgency in Burma. Yangon: Ministry of Information. p. 28.
- ^ U Nu, U Nu: Saturday's Son, (New Haven and London: Yale University Press) 1975, p. 272.
- ^ Yegar, Moshe (1972). Muslims of Burma. pp. 98–101.
- ISBN 9788170621676. Archivedfrom the original on 2021-09-06. Retrieved 2016-09-16.
- ^ "Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan threaten Myanmar over Rohingya". The Express Tribune. 26 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 July 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ Crilly, Rob (26 July 2012). "Pakistani Taliban threatens Burma". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 26 May 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2014.
- ^ "EPaper Pakistan Observer :: Wednesday, 15, Apr, 2015 - Page 5". Archived from the original on 2019-01-26. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ Amna Ejaz Rafi. "Pakistan-Myanmar Trade Ties: Likely Prospects - IPRI - Islamabad Policy Research Institute". Ipripak.org. Archived from the original on 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ "E in Myanmar, holds talks with Shwe: MoU signed". asianstudies.github.io. No. 7/18. 5 May 2001. Archived from the original on 11 February 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2017.
- ^ "The Strategic Importance of Pak-Myanmar Military Relations | Pakistan Insider". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-12-29.
- ^ Davis, Anthony (20 June 2013). "Myanmar Navy starts submarine training in Pakistan". Jane's Defence Weekly. Bangkok: IHS. Archived from the original on 4 October 2013.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Myanmar Navy starts submarine training in Pakistan". Archived from the original on 2018-11-12. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ "PAF, Myanmar air force to enhance co-op". Archived from the original on 2020-10-08. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
- ^ "Myanmar, Pakistan discuss military, trade ties - Global New Light of Myanmar". Archived from the original on 2018-02-18. Retrieved 2018-02-17.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ "General Khin Aung Myint calls on Air Chief Marshal Sohail Aman - Lahore News, political scandals, scams, Entertainment, Sports, Lahore history, Lahore police and infotainment portal". Lahoreworld.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ "Myanmar air chief visits PAF headquarters @ Pakistan Herald". Pakistanherald.com. Archived from the original on 2019-04-09. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
- ^ "Myanmar first country to purchase JF-17 Thunder from Pakistan". Dunya News. ISLAMABAD. 9 July 2015. Archived from the original on 22 September 2016. Retrieved 16 September 2016.
- ^ "Pakistan building Strategic port in Myanmar, fears Indian Army". Timesofislamabad.com. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2020-11-12. Retrieved 2022-02-20.
References
- Conflict Between India and Pakistan: An Encyclopedia by Peter Lyon (ABC-CLIO, 2008)
- Pakistan, Myanmar make new beginning in bilateral relations, Associated Press of Pakistan