Natukhajs
НатIхъуадж (Nat'xhuadj) | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Total population | |
| c. 3,030? | |
| Languages | |
| Circassian language West Adyghe dialect Turkish and Russian | |
| Religion | |
| Islam | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Other Circassian tribes |
| Part of a series on the |
| Circassians Адыгэхэр |
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The Natukhaj, Natuqwai or Natukhai (
Currently, Natukhai families live in the diaspora and were assimilated in other Adyghe tribes, more precisely, the
History
Approximate location of Circassian princedoms, Tsutsiev's Atlas
The Natukhai tribe consisted of 10 aristocratic families and 44 free clans (Adyghe: ЛъфэкъулӀ) and classified as an Adyghe democratic tribe.[3][4] Because their coast was not backed by high mountains and opened northward to the steppe the Natukhai were very active in trading with the Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate, which afforded for them better life than many others.
By culture, language and character they find themselves closest to the Lesser Shapsug and even call themselves by the same name Aguchips. (The Lesser Shapsug lived on the coast south of the Natukhai while the Greater Shapsug lived north of the mountains.) Also Natukhai people include the tribe of Guaye which, according to legend, is one of the most ancient Circassian tribes. They also include the disappearing remnants of the Zhaney tribe. The noblest families included Chakh, Dedy, Eryku, Kaz, Megu, Syupako, and Zan. The tribe Guaye had following noble names: Birdzh, Cherch, Kerzedzh, Khatirame, and Kuytsuk.
The Natukhai, like the Shapsug and Abadzekh, managed to limit the power of noble men of their tribe. Their villages were also administered by elected villagers. The Natukhai were one of the tribes most inclined to a peaceful sort of labor. They established trade connections with Turkey which gave the Natukhai the opportunities of material improvements. The Natukhai were one of the last to convert to Islam. They steadily adhered to Christianity, even though religious differences were often the cause of quarrels with the neighbouring Shapsug. Only by the beginning of the 19th century, whether by promises or by threats, did Turkish pasha manage to talk them into converting to Islam. In spite of that, the Natukhai showed a bitter resistance to the expansion of Russia into the Northern Caucasus. They fought shoulder-to-shoulder with the Shapsug and Abadzekh who by that time were on their own against the forces of Russian empire. As a result of the war, only 175 Natukhai people remained on their motherland.
In late 1860, a Circassian Parliament (
In 1864, a major part of the Natukhai were massacred and the remaining forced to leave
Language
The Natukhai people speak the Natukhai sub-dialect (
| Meaning | Natukhai and Shapsug sub-dialect | Other sub-dialects | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyrillic | IPA | Cyrillic | IPA | |
| shirt | гьанэ | ɡʲaːna | джанэ | d͡ʒaːna |
| chicken | кьэт | kʲat | чэты | t͡ʃatə |
| rope | кӏьапсэ | kʲʼaːpsa | кӏапсэ | t͡ʃʼaːpsa |
| shoe | чъуакъэ | t͡ʃʷaːqa | цуакъэ | t͡sʷaːqa |
References
- ^ "Circassians". Adiga-home.net. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ http://ta01.ru//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=12&Itemid=26 Official Website of Takhtamukaysky District (Russian Language)
- ISBN 978-0-415-77615-8
- ^ Walter Richmond, "The Northwest Caucasus: Past, Present, Future", Arabic Translation by Jameel Ishaqat, p. 46, Circassians Studies Centre, Amman, Jordan, 2010.
- ^ http://english.ruvr.ru/2010/07/05/11511062.html Archived 2012-03-18 at the Wayback Machine via the Voice of Russia
- ISBN 0-19-280232-1
- ^ Спирантизация аффрикат Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Палатализация (смягчение) и аффрикатизация согласных Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Переднеязычные мягкие шипящие аффрикаты дж, ч, к1 Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
- ^ Наращение сонорных согласных Archived 2015-07-13 at the Wayback Machine (in Russian)
See also
Other Adyghe tribes: