Ubykh people
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The Ubykh (
History
Approximate location of Circassian tribes, Tsutsiev's Atlas
The Ubykh used to inhabit the capital of Circassia, Sache (Circassian: Шъачэ, lit. seaside) — present-day Sochi, Krasnodar Krai, Russia.[citation needed] The province of the Ubykh tribe was situated between the Shapsug tribe near Tuapse and the Sadz (Dzhigets) in the north of Gagra.[4] The Ubykh tribe were mentioned in book IV of Procopius' De Bello Gothico (The Gothic War), under the name βροῦχοι (Bruchi), a corruption of the native term tʷaχ. In the 1667 book of Evliya Çelebi, the Ubykh were mentioned as Ubúr without any other information.[5]
The Ubykh were semi-
Faced with the threat of subjugation by the Russian army, the Ubykh, as well as
In order to avoid discrimination, the Ubykh elders encouraged their people to assimilate into Turkish culture. Having abandoned their traditional nomadic culture, they became a nation of farmers. The Ubykh language was rapidly displaced by Turkish and other Circassian dialects; the last native speaker of Ubykh, Tevfik Esenç, died in 1992.
Today, the Ubykh diaspora has been scattered about Turkey and—to a much lesser extent—Jordan. The Ubykh nation per se no longer exists, although those who are of Ubykh ancestry are proud to call themselves Ubykh, and a couple of villages are still found in Turkey where the vast majority of the population is Ubykh by descent.
Ubykh society was
Notable people
- Keriman Halis Ece of Пщызэмыгъу family – winner of Miss Turkey 1932 and Miss Universe 1932 beauty pageants
- Perestü Valide Sultan of Гогэн family – Valide Sultan (Empress mother) of Abdulhamid II of the Ottoman Empire
- Şevkefza Valide Sultan of Заурмыкъу family – Valide Sultan (Empress mother) of Murad V of the Ottoman Empire
- Düzdidil Kadın - consort of Sultan Abdulmejid Iof the Ottoman empire.
- Setenay Özbek - artist
- Tevfik Esenç - politician, last known speaker of the Ubykh language (1904-1992)
See also
- Ubykhia, a region in Circassia
- Other Circassian tribes:
- Abzakh
- Besleney
- Bzhedug
- Hatuqwai
- Kabardians
- Mamkhegh
- Natukhai
- Shapsug
- Temirgoy
- Yegeruqwai
- Zhaney
References
- ^ "Circassians". Adiga home. 2010. Archived from the original on August 20, 2014. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
The 12 Circassian tribes: Abadzeh Besleney Bzhedug Yegeruqay Zhaney Kabarday Mamheg Natuhay Temirgoy Ubyh Shapsug Hatukay. The twelve stars on the Adyghe Flag also refers to the twelve tribes.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 91–96 (Report). United States Foreign Broadcast Information Service. 1992. p. 72. Retrieved 17 May 2016.
Yet this growth, in the opinion of the Shapsug themselves, is no more than an illusion, and it is quite likely that the fate of two other Adyg peoples — the Ubykh and the Natukhayevtsy, who have ceased to exist — will…
- ISBN 978-907378273-0.
Smeets 1988 adds to this list also Ubykh Circassian, i.e. the form of West Circassian as spoken by Ubykhs.
- ^ Müller, Friedrich Max (1855). The Languages. London, UK: Williams and Norgate. p. 435.
The province of the Ubykh.
- ^ Evliya Çelevi (1834). Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall (ed.). Narrative of travels in Europe, Asia, and Africa, in the seventeenth century. Vol. 2. p. 52.
External links
- Journal of a residence in Circassia during the years 1837, 1838, and 1839 - Bell, James Stanislaus (English)
- Bagrat Shinkuba. The Last of the Departed on Circassian Library
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