Nereididae
Nereididae | |
---|---|
Alitta succinea | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Annelida |
Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
Subclass: | Errantia |
Order: | Phyllodocida |
Suborder: | Nereidiformia |
Family: | Nereididae Fauchald, 1977 |
Nereididae (formerly spelled Nereidae) are a family of
Characteristics
The
Jaw material
Ragworms' teeth are made of a very tough, yet lightweight material. Unlike bone and tooth enamel, this is not mineralised with calcium, but is formed by a histidine rich protein, with bound zinc ions.[1] Research on this material could lead to applications in engineering.[2]
Systematics
Nereididae are currently considered a
Nereididae are divided into 42 genera, but the relationships between them are as yet unclear. The family contains traditionally three subfamilies - Namanereidinae, Gymnonereinae and Nereidinae.
Genera
Subfamily Gymnonereidinae Banse, 1977[3]
- Australonereis Hartman, 1954
- Ceratocephale Malmgren, 1867
- Dendronereides Southern, 1921
- Gymnonereis Horst, 1919
- Kinberginereis Pettibone, 1971
- Leptonereis Kinberg, 1865
- Micronereides Day, 1963
- Olganereis Hartmann-Schröder, 1977
- Rullierinereis Pettibone, 1971
- Sinonereis Wu & Sun, 1979
- Stenoninereis Wesenberg-Lund, 1958
- Tambalagamia Pillai, 1961
- Tylonereis Fauvel, 1911
- Tylorrhynchus Grube, 1866
- Typhlonereis Hansen, 1879
- Websterinereis Pettibone, 1971
Subfamily Namanereidinae Hartman, 1959[3]
- Namalycastis Hartman, 1959
- Namanereis Chamberlin, 1919
Subfamily Nereidinae Blainville, 1818[3]
- Alitta Kinberg, 1865
- Ceratonereis Kinberg, 1865
- Cheilonereis Benham, 1916
- Composetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985
- Eunereis Malmgren, 1865
- Hediste Malmgren, 1867
- Imajimainereis de León-González & Solís-Weiss, 2000
- Laeonereis Hartman, 1945
- Leonnates Kinberg, 1865
- Micronereis Claparède, 1863
- Neanthes Kinberg, 1865
- Nectoneanthes Imajima, 1972
- Nereis Linnaeus, 1758
- Nicon Kinberg, 1865
- Paraleonnates Chlebovitsch & Wu, 1962
- Parasetia Villalobos-Guerrero, Conde-Vela & Sato, 2022
- Perinereis Kinberg, 1865
- Platynereis Kinberg, 1865
- Potamonereis Villalobos-Guerrero, Conde-Vela & Sato, 2022
- Pseudonereis Kinberg, 1865
- Simplisetia Hartmann-Schröder, 1985
- Solomononereis Gibbs, 1971
- Unanereis Day, 1962
- Wuinereis Khlebovich, 1996
Subfamily Nereididae incertae sedis:[3]
- Kainonereis Chamberlin, 1919
- Lycastonereis Nageswara Rao, 1981
Ecology
Ragworms are predominantly marine organisms that may occasionally swim upstream to rivers and even climb to land (for example
Ragworms are important food sources for a number of shore birds.[4]
Human use
Ragworms such as Hediste diversicolor are commonly used as bait in sea angling.[5] They are a popular bait for all types of wrasse and pollock. They are also used as fish feed in aquaculture.[6]
Ragworms, such as Tylorrhynchus heterochetus, are considered a delicacy in Vietnam where they are used in the dish chả rươi.[7]
In rice-growing areas of China, these worms are called 禾虫 (Mandarin: hé chóng, Cantonese: woh4 chuhng4). They are harvested from the rice fields and are often cooked with eggs.
References
- ^ Broomell et al. (2008) Cutting Edge Structural Protein from the Jaws of Nereis virens Biomacromolecules, 9 (6), pp 1669–1677.
- ^ Marine Worm's Jaws Say 'Cutting-Edge New Aerospace Materials' Science Daily
- ^ a b c d Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2023). World Polychaeta Database. Nereididae Blainville, 1818. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=22496 on 2023-10-27
- ^ Animal Fact files: Ragworm (Nereis diversicolor) BBC Science & Nature
- ^ Budd, Georgina (2008). "Ragworm: Hediste diversicolor". Marine Life Information Network. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
- ^ Merrit, Mike (13 January 2013) Sea-change as farm grows fish on land The Scotsman, Retrieved 22 January 2013
- ^ Nguyen Quang Chuong (2009). Some contribution to study on productive charecteristics of the palolo (Tylorrhynchus heterochaetus) Polychaeta - Nereidae in Hai Phong brackish water.