Ney
Ancient | |
---|---|
Classification | End-blown |
Playing range | |
The ney (
The Egyptian ney consists of a hollow cylinder with finger-holes. Sometimes a
In Romanian, this instrument is called "fluier", the word nai[3] is applied to a curved pan flute while an end-blown flute resembling the Persian ney is referred to as caval.[4]
Typology
The typical Persian ney has six holes, one of which is on the back. Egyptian and Turkish neys normally have seven holes, six in front and one thumb-hole in the back.
The interval between the holes ranges from a
Neys are constructed in various keys. In the Egyptian and Arabic system, there are seven common ranges: the longest and lowest-pitched is the Rast which is roughly equivalent to C in the Western equal temperament system, followed by the Dukah in D, the Busalik in E, the Jaharka in F, the Nawa in G, the Hussayni in A, and the Ajam in B (or B♭), with the Dukah Ney being the most common. Advanced players will typically own a set of several neys in various keys, although it is possible (albeit difficult) to play fully chromatically on any instrument. A slight exception to this rule is found in the extreme lowest range of the instrument, where the fingering becomes quite complex and the transition from the first octave (fundamental pitches) to the second is rather awkward.
Kargı düdük
Gargy-tuyduk (Karghy tuiduk) is a long
- a) Kutilep kayla, in which the second sound is a light drone.
- b) Sygyrtzip kayla, with a second whistling sound like the sound of a flute.
- c) Kargyrlap kayla, in which the second sound can be defined as hissing.[6] The sound of the Turkmen gargy-tuyduk is most like the Altay Kargyrkip kayla. The garg-tuyduk can have six finger holes and a length of 780 mm or five finger holes and a length of 550 mm. The range of the garg-tuyduk includes three registers:
- 1) The lowest register – "non-working" – is not used during the playing of a melody.
- 2) The same as on the "non-working" register but an octave higher.
- 3) High register from mi of the second octave to ti.
Pamiri nay
The Pamiri nay is a transverse flute made of wood or, in Eastern Badakhshan, eagle bone. Although the name is similar to the Arabic end-blown nay, it might well be that this side-blown flute is more related to Chinese flutes such as the dizi, perhaps through a Mongol link.[7] It is used for solo melodies as well as with orchestras and for vocal accompaniment. One of the main uses of the nay is for the most original form of the traditional performance ‘falaki’. These are brief melodic sessions which can express complaints against destiny, the injustice of heaven or exile to distant places, and sentiments such as the sorrow of a mother separated from her daughter, the sorrow of a lover torn from her/his beloved, etc.[8]
Other forms with similar names
The ney (nej) of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Karakalpakstan is a transverse flute that can be made of different materials, often indicated by a prefix in the name. The agach-nai is a wooden flute, the garau-nai a bamboo flute, the misnai a flute made of sheet iron and the brindgzhi-nai a brass flute.
The Romanian pan flute nai consists of at least 20 to over 30 pipes closed at the bottom, which are connected to each other in a slight arc.
See also
- Turkish ney
- Classical Turkish Music
- Tambin, a similar sounding flute used in West Africa.
- Choor
- Kawala, a similar instrument used in Arabic music
- Persian traditional music
- Arabic Music
- Music of Iran
- Washint
- Dilli Ney
References
- ^ "ANE TODAY - 201801 - The Earliest Music in Ancient Egypt". American Society of Overseas Research (ASOR). Retrieved 2022-09-18.
- ^ "Prehistoric music", Wikipedia, 2022-09-06, retrieved 2022-09-18
- Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică "Iorgu Iordan", Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1998.
- Academia Română, Institutul de Lingvistică "Iorgu Iordan", Editura Univers Enciclopedic, 1998.
- ^ Satilmis Yayla. "Fingering of two popular scales on two common Turkish ney types". fromnorway.net. Archived from the original on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2015-09-08.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ N. Baskakov, Altay folklore and literature Gorno-Altaysk, 1948, p.II
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-21. Retrieved 2011-05-21.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Main Page". Archived from the original on 2010-07-06. Retrieved 2010-06-06.
General bibliography
- Effat, Mahmoud (2005). Beginner's Guide to the Nay. Translated by Jon Friesen; originally published in Arabic in 1968. Pitchphork Music. ISBN 0-9770192-0-9.
- Marwan Hassan (2010). Kawala & Nay: Die Ur-Flöten der Menschheit: Bauen, stimmen, pflegen und spielen. [German: Explaining How to Build and Play the Kawala, Saluang, or Ghab and Ney-Flute]
External links
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.