Northern Dobruja
Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.
History
Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortresses: Tomis (today's Constanța), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus. Greeks have commerce with Dacians who lived there on main land. Dobruja became a Roman province after conquest of Dacian Tribes. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Capidava citadel.[1]
Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire.
For a long period in the 14-15th century, Dobruja became part of
Geography
The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a total area of 15,570 km2 and a current population of slightly under 900,000.[9]
Cities
Rivers
- Danube
- Casimcea
- Slava
- Taița
- Telița
Lakes
- Crapina Lake
- Jijiei Lake
- Traian Lake
- Babadag Lake
- Razim Lake
- Zmeica Lake
- Sinoe Lake
- Tașaul Lake
- Techirghiol Lake
Danube Delta
The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are:
- Roșu
- Isac
- Gorgova
- Furtuna
- Ledeanca
- Tatanir
- Merhel
- Matița
- Uzlina
- Dranov
- Lumina
- Puiu
- Puiuleț
Demographics
Ethnic composition
The table below shows Romanian statistics throughout the years:
Ethnicity | 1878[10] | 1880[11] | 1899[11] | 1913[12] | 19301[13] | 1956[14] | 1966[14] | 1977[14] | 1992[14] | 2002[14] | 2011[9] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | 225,692 | 139,671 | 258,242 | 380,430 | 437,131 | 593,659 | 702,461 | 863,348 | 1,019,766 | 971,643 | 897,165 |
Romanian | 46,504 (21%) | 43,671 (31%) | 118,919 (46%) | 216,425 (56.8%) | 282,844 (64.7%) | 514,331 (86.6%) | 622,996 (88.7%) | 784,934 (90.9%) | 926,608 (90.8%) | 883,620 (90.9%) | 751,250 (83.7%) |
Bulgarian | 30,177 (13,3%) | 24,915 (17%) | 38,439 (14%) | 51,149 (13.4%) | 42,070 (9.6%) | 749 (0.13%) | 524 (0.07%) | 415 (0.05%) | 311 (0.03%) | 135 (0.01%) | 58 (0.01%) |
Turkish | 48,783 (21,6%) | 18,624 (13%) | 12,146 (4%) | 20,092 (5.3%) | 21,748 (5%) | 11,994 (2%) | 16,209 (2.3%) | 21,666 (2.5%) | 27,685 (2.7%) | 27,580 (2.8%) | 22,500 (2.5%) |
Tatar | 71,146 (31,5%) | 29,476 (21%) | 28,670 (11%) | 21,350 (5.6%) | 15,546 (3.6%) | 20,239 (3.4%) | 21,939 (3.1%) | 22,875 (2.65%) | 24,185 (2.4%) | 23,409 (2.4%) | 19,720 (2.2%) |
Russian-Lipovan | 12,748 (5,6%) | 8,250 (6%) | 12,801 (5%) | 35,859 (9.4%) | 26,210 (6%)² | 29,944 (5%) | 30,509 (4.35%) | 24,098 (2.8%) | 26,154 (2.6%) | 21,623 (2.2%) | 13,910 (1.6%) |
Ruthenian (Ukrainian from 1956) |
455 (0.3%) | 13,680 (5%) | 33 (0.01%) | 7,025 (1.18%) | 5,154 (0.73%) | 2,639 (0.3%) | 4,101 (0.4%) | 1,465 (0.1%) | 1,177 (0.1%) | ||
Germans | 1,134 (0,5%) | 2,461 (1.7%) | 8,566 (3%) | 7,697 (2%) | 12,023 (2.75%) | 735 (0.12%) | 599 (0.09%) | 648 (0.08%) | 677 (0.07%) | 398 (0.04%) | 166 (0.02%) |
Greek | 3,480 (1,6%) | 4,015 (2.8%) | 8,445 (3%) | 9,999 (2.6%) | 7,743 (1.8%) | 1,399 (0.24%) | 908 (0.13%) | 635 (0.07%) | 1,230 (0.12%) | 2,270 (0.23%) | 1,447 (0.16%) |
Roma | 702 (0.5%) | 2,252 (0.87%) | 3,263 (0.9%) | 3,831 (0.88%) | 1,176 (0.2%) | 378 (0.05%) | 2,565 (0.3%) | 5,983 (0.59%) | 8,295 (0.85%) | 11,977 (1.3%) |
- 1According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Constanța and Tulcea), which excluded a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and included a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo and Krushari municipalities)
- 2Only Russians. (Russians and Lipovans counted separately)
Symbols
Northern Dobruja is represented by two dolphins in the Coat of arms of Romania.
Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14, marking the 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin.[15]
References
- ^ Dobrogea fortresses and history
- ISBN 978-0-415-12563-5.
- ^ The New York Times, July 26, 1940, "Britain recognizes the "fundamental justice" of Bulgaria's claim against Rumania for return of the wheat-growing section of Southern Dobruja"
- ^ Кузманова, Антонина. От Ньой до Крайова. Въпросът за Южна Добруджа в международните отношения /1919-1940/, София 1989, с. 287-288.
- ISBN 9781403993410.
- ^ Costea, Maria (2009). "Aplicarea tratatului româno-bulgar de la Craiova (1940)". Anuarul Institutului de Cercetări Socio-Umane "Gheorghe Șincai" al Academiei Române (in Romanian) (12): 267–275.
- ^ Țîrcomnicu, Emil (2014). "Historical aspects regarding the Megleno-Romanian groups in Greece, the FY Republic of Macedonia, Turkey and Romania" (PDF). Memoria Ethnologica. 14 (52–53): 12–29.
- ^ Iancu, Mariana (25 April 2018). "Fascinanta poveste a ceangăilor care au ridicat un sat în pustiul dobrogean stăpânit de șerpi: "Veneau coloniști și ne furau tot, până și lanțul de la fântână"". Adevărul (in Romanian).
- ^ a b 2011 census results per county, cities and towns "Populația stabilă pe sexe, după etnie – categorii de localități, macroregiuni, regiuni de dezvoltare și județe" (XLS) (in Romanian). Institutul Național de Statistică. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ^ K. Karpat, : Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82
- ^ a b G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique
- )
- OCLC 1983592.
- ^ a b c d e Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanța from "Populația după etnie la recensămintele din perioada 1930–2002, pe judete" (PDF) (in Romanian). Guvernul României — Agenția Națională pentru Romi. pp. 5–6, 13–14. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
- ^ "Legea nr. 230/2015 privind instituirea zilei de 14 noiembrie - Ziua Dobrogei" (in Romanian). Monitorul Oficial. 7 October 2015. Retrieved 25 October 2020.