Orestes guangxiensis

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Orestes guangxiensis
Orestes guangxiensis, adult female
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phasmatodea
Superfamily:
Bacilloidea
Family: Heteropterygidae
Subfamily: Dataminae
Genus: Orestes
Species:
O. guangxiensis
Binomial name
Orestes guangxiensis
(Bi & Li, 1994)
Synonyms
  • Datames guangxiensis (Bi & Li, 1994)
  • Pylaemenes guangxiensis ((Bi & Li, 1994)
  • Pylaemenes hongkongensis Brock & Seow-Choen, 2000
Taiwan
, right Orestes guangxiensis

Orestes guangxiensis is a representative of the genus Orestes.

Characteristics

So far only females are known of Orestes guangxiensis. In 2005 Paul D. Brock and Masaya Okada mistakenly described males of this species from Japanese island Miyako-jima. George Ho Wai-Chun assigned this to Pylaemenes japonicus described by him in 2016 (today's name Orestes japonicus).[1][2]

The females are 40 to 50 millimetres (1.6 to 2.0 in) long and stocky in shape. Their basic color is usually a light beige or brown, which is complemented by almost white, brown and black patterns. The body surface is covered with small, mostly black

tergite of the abdomen other species is missing in the females of Orestes guangxiensis.[5]

Distribution area

The distribution area extends over the

Chinese provinces Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan and the autonomous region Guangxi, as well as the Special administrative regions of China Hong Kong.[6] The animals found in Taiwan are now included in Orestes shirakii.[4] The population, of which males are mostly known, were identified as Orestes japonicus.[1][2]

Way of life and reproduction

The nocturnal insects, like all members of the genus, are able to achieve an almost perfect

dorsal side and have short hairs ending with barbs. The micropylar plate has three arms, one of which points towards the lid, while the other two run circularly around the egg. The eggs are laid on the ground or near the ground. Eggs are often clamped in bark or pinned to mosses. After an average of four months, the nymphs hatch, which have clear carinae along the middle and edges of the body and already have the high and pointed forehead typical of the species which also do not have a flat head in adulthood. It takes a good year for them to grow into adults. Older nymphs are often more contrasting and colorful than adult females. They are often red-brown tones.[3]

Taxonomy

Orestes subcylindricus

Orestes guangxiensis

Orestes sp. 1 'Ba Be'

Orestes bachmaensis

Relationships between Orestes guangxiensis and its
sister species or stocks according to Sarah Bank et al. (2021)[7]

Li Tianshan collected seven specimens of this species in the Chinese region of in 1991. In 1994 D. Bi and T. Li described the species as Datames guangxiensis on the basis of these animals. The

Ryūkyū Islands. These were later assigned to Orestes japonicus. They also proved that Pylaemenes guangxiensis is not identical to Dares ziegleri, which was again validated.[1][2][3] As part of the description of six new species from Vietnam, Joachim Bresseel and Jérôme Constant finally placed the species in the genus Orestes.[11]

How

monophyletic genus Orestes.[7]

Terraristic

The first and so far only parthenogenetic stock in European

Okinawa by Kazuhisa Kuribayashi who named it that, following Brock and Okada (2005). These animals were identified by Breseell and Constant in 2018 as Orestes japonicus described in 2016 under the basionym Pylaemenes japonicus.[2][11]

Orestes guangxiensis is easy to keep and breed. A high

bramble or other Rosaceae are eaten, as well as hazel, oak, beech, as well as from Epipremnum and other Araceae.[1][3][12][13]

Orestes guangxiensis is listed by the Phasmid Study Group under PSG number 248.[14]

Gallery

  • adult female
    adult female
  • Eggs dorsal, 2 × lateral and ventral view
    Eggs dorsal, 2 × lateral and ventral view
  • subadult female
    subadult female
  • brightly colored female nymph
    brightly colored female nymph

References

  1. ^ a b c d Brock, P. D. & Okada, M. (2006). Taxonomic notes on Pylaemenes Stål 1875 (Phasmida: Heteropterygidae: Dataminae), including of the description of the male of P. guanxiensis (Bi & Li, 1994). Journal of Orthopthera Research, 14(1), pp. 23–26
  2. ^
    ISSN 1175-5326
  3. ^
    ISSN 2190-3476
  4. ^
    ISSN 1175-5326
  5. ^ Ho Wai-Chun, G. (2018). Three new species of genus Pylaemenes Stål (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae :Dataminae) from Vietnam, Zoological Systematics, 43(3), pp. 276–282, DOI: 10.11865/zs.201826
  6. ^ Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. Phasmida Species File Online. Version 5.0/5.0. (accessdate 27 July 2021)
  7. ^ a b Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021). Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472
  8. ^ Hennemann, F. H. (1998). Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Phasmidenfauna von Sulawesi. Mitteilungen des Museums für Naturkunde, Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 74, pp. 95–128
  9. ISSN 0943-7274
  10. ISBN 978-3931374396
  11. ^
    ISSN 1374-5514
    ,
  12. ^ a b Information about Pylaemenes guangxiensis 'Taiwan' respectively Pylaemenes shirakii by Bruno Kneubühler at Phasmatodea.com
  13. ^ phasmatodea.com by Hennemann, F. H.; Conle, O. V.; Kneubühler, B. & Valero, P.
  14. ^ Phasmid Study Group Culture List

External links

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