Otto Philipp Braun
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (September 2010) |
Felipe Braun | |
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Otto Philipp Braun | |
Peru-Bolivian Confederation ) | |
Personal details | |
Born | December 13, 1798 Kassel, Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel (now Germany) |
Died | July 24, 1869 Bad Wildungen, Kassel |
Military service | |
Battles/wars | |
Otto Philipp Braun (13 December 1798 – 24 July 1869, also known as Felipe Braun during his time in South America) was one of the most successful foreign volunteers participating in the independence war of South America. He was an important supporter of
Early life
Braun went to school in
In 1818 Braun left crisis-ridden Europe and emigrated to the United States. There he failed to establish himself as a veterinarian. His stay on Haiti as the official horse instructor of King Henri Christophe ended also without the desired long-term contract.
Military life
Liberation of South America
Therefore, he joined the army of Simón Bolívar in the midyear of 1820 as a low ranking officer. Felipe Braun, as he was called from then on, participated in the campaigns of New Granada and the Battle of Carabobo in Venezuela. He joined the Guard of Simón Bolívar in 1821 and accompanied him on his Campaign of South to liberate today's Ecuador and Peru as one of his many officers.
On August 6, 1824, Braun was the first patriotic soldier to set foot on the plain of
With the latter Braun participated in the liberation of Upper Peru (later Republic of Bolivia). During his time in Bolivia (1825–1828) Braun served the Bolivian President Antonio José de Sucre loyally. After uprisings in Cochabamba and La Paz, in which parts of the unit Braun commanded participated, he fell into disgrace. This changed fundamentally when Braun withstood other attempts and bravely attacked the Peruvian invasion of Bolivia of 1828 under general Agustín Gamarra.
Revolutionary aftermath
In the
In Arequipa Braun spend almost a year until the Bolivian president Andrés de Santa Cruz asked Braun to join his new administration. Braun accepted and moved to Bolivia. From 1830 until 1839 Braun became one of the most successful generals in Bolivian history. Furthermore, Braun became a very valuable adviser of President Santa Cruz. Santa Cruz made him Prefect, entrusted whole armies, and let him command battles and gave him the responsibility of the ministry of defense. During the
After Santa Cruz lost the Battle of Yungay in January 1839 against a Peruvian-Chilean invasion, his confederation collapsed due to a revolution led by José Ballivián and José Miguel de Velasco, and Braun's career was over. He had to leave Bolivia and headed back to Europe when the new president of Bolivia, General José Miguel de Velasco, dismissed Braun and removed all of his titles. Years later in 1850 he was rehabilitated by President Manuel Isidoro Belzu, after which he returned several times to Bolivia and Peru where he had commercial ventures in copper mines and coffee plantations.
Later years
In 1861 after numerous transatlantic travels between Europe and South America, Braun left the continent forever. Eight years later Braun died in Bad Wildungen. He was put to rest in his near hometown Kassel. Dozens of newspapers in Europe and South America remembered the contribution Otto Philipp Braun made to the independence of South America as well as to the construction of the Republic of Bolivia. His remains are in the Basilica of San Francisco, La Paz, Bolivia.
References
- Robin Kiera: Der große Sohn der Stadt Kassel? Der Großmarschall Otto Philipp Braun als Symbol lokaler Geschichtspolitik, Kassel 2009.
- Wilfried Nölle: La vida de Otto Felipe Braun, Gran Mariscal de Montenegro, a través de cartas y documentos de la época, expuesta por Wilfried Noelle. La Paz 1969.
- Julio Diaz: El Gran Mariscal de Montenegro, Otto Felipe Braun, ilustre extranjero al servico de Bolivia, 1798–1969. La Paz 1945.
Notes
- ^ Robin Kiera: Der große Sohn der Stadt Kassel? Der Großmarschall Otto Philipp Braun als Symbol lokaler Geschichtspolitik, Kassel 2009, page 28ff