Platythelphusa

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Platythelphusa
Platythelphusa armata
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Crustacea
Class:
Malacostraca
Order:
Decapoda
Infraorder:
Brachyura
Family:
Potamonautidae
Genus:
Platythelphusa

Type species
Platythelphusa armata A. Milne-Edwards, 1887
Species
  • Platythelphusa armata A. Milne-Edwards, 1887
  • Platythelphusa conculcata (Cunnington, 1907)
  • Platythelphusa denticulata Capart, 1952
  • Platythelphusa echinata (Capart, 1952)
  • Platythelphusa immaculata Marijnissen, Schram, Cumberlidge & Michel, 2004
  • Platythelphusa maculata (Cunnington, 1899)
  • Platythelphusa polita (Capart, 1952)
  • Platythelphusa praelongata Marijnissen, Schram, Cumberlidge & Michel, 2004
  • Platythelphusa tuberculata (Capart, 1952)

Platythelphusa is a

monophyletic group, possibly nested within the genus Potamonautes, which would therefore be paraphyletic.[1] The genus is the only evolutionary radiation of crabs to have occurred in a freshwater lake, and it occurred recently, probably since the Pliocene.[2] This parallels the better known radiation of cichlid fishes in Lake Tanganyika.[3] Only one other species of freshwater crab is found in Lake Tanganyika, Potamonautes platynotus.[2]

Taxonomic history

The first freshwater crab to be described from Lake Tanganyika, by

taxonomic synonym.[4]

In 1952, Capart did not recognise the species P. conculcata, but added four new species, P. denticulata, P. echinata, P. polita and P. tuberculata. Since that time, P. conculcata has been restored, and two new species have been described, P. immaculata and P. praelongata.[5]

Distribution

All nine species live in relatively shallow waters around the edge of Lake Tanganyika. While four countries border Lake Tanganyika (Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tanzania and Zambia), only two species have been found in all four countries, P. armata and P. conculcata. One species, P. polita, has been found in all except Zambia; two (P. echinata and P. tuberculata) have been found in Burundi and Tanzania; one has been found in Tanzania and Zambia (P. maculata); one is only known from Zambia (P. praelongata) and two have only been seen in Tanzania (P. denticulata and P. immaculata). However, many of the species are poorly known, and their true distributions may be wider than is currently known.[2]

Species

Fishermen on Lake Tanganyika

Platythelphusa armata

As the largest species in the genus (up to 6 cm or 2.4 in in carapace width), Platythelphusa armata is subject to small-scale

IUCN.[7]

Platythelphusa conculcata

Platythelphusa conculcata is found at depths of 20–60 metres (66–197 ft), and is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.[8]

Platythelphusa denticulata

Platythelphusa denticulata is known from few sites, all in Tanzania. Though it may have a low population, there is no evidence of a decline and it is listed as Least Concern by the IUCN.[9]

Platythelphusa echinata

Platythelphusa echinata is found at depths of 5–30 metres (16–98 ft) on the Tanzanian and Burundian shores of Lake Tanganyika. It lives where the substrate is rocky or sandy, and occasionally uses old Neothauma shells.[10]

Platythelphusa immaculata

Platythelphusa immaculata is known from only 25 specimens, but is listed as Least Concern, because there are no apparent threats to its survival.[11]

Platythelphusa maculata

Platythelphusa maculata lives on sand and rocks, and occasionally in Neothauma shells, at depths of 1–60 metres (3.3–196.9 ft), and is listed as Least Concern.[12]

Platythelphusa polita

Platythelphusa polita lives on sand and rocks, and occasionally in Neothauma shells, at depths of 5–60 metres (16–197 ft), and is listed as Least Concern.[13]

Platythelphusa praelongata

Platythelphusa praelongata lives at the greatest depth of any Platythelphusa species, the single known specimen having been collected at 40–80 metres (130–260 ft), around

Data Deficient.[14]

Platythelphusa tuberculata

Platythelphusa tuberculata has longer legs than the other species, and lives at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika, on muddy substrates. It has been found in the

Chrysichthys brachynema and Bathybagrus stappersii (formerly Chrysichthys stappersii).[15]

References

  1. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2007.00929.x
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 16647274
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  3. PMID 15723698
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  4. doi:10.1080/002229399300218
    .
  5. ^
    doi:10.1163/1568540041717984
    .
  6. doi:10.1080/002229399299860
    .
  7. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44196A10861476.en
    .
  8. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44197A10861759.en
    .
  9. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44552A10918760.en
    .
  10. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44198A10862040.en
    .
  11. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44553A10918991.en
    .
  12. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44518A10910802.en
    .
  13. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44519A10911213.en
    .
  14. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44554A10919219.en
    .
  15. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T44199A10862353.en
    .
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