Provincial politics in the Netherlands
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![Azure, billetty Or a lion with a coronet Or armed and langued Gules holding in his dexter paw a sword Argent hilted Or and in the sinister paw seven arrows Argent pointed and bound together Or. [The seven arrows stand for the seven provinces of the Union of Utrecht.] The shield is crowned with the (Dutch) royal crown and supported by two lions Or armed and langued gules. They stand on a scroll Azure with the text (Or) "Je Maintiendrai" (French for "I will maintain".)](/File:State_coat_of_arms_of_the_Netherlands.svg) |
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The politics of the Dutch provinces takes places within the framework of the politics of the Netherlands. The province is the second-highest level of government, after the national government. The Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces.
In provincial politics there are three functions: the
King's Commissioner
The King's Commissioner (Commissaris van de Koning) chairs both the States Deputed and the States Provincial. The King's Commissioner is a member of the States Deputed and often other portfolios, including safety and public order. The King's Commissioner also has a representative role, as the head of the provincial government.
The national government appoints the King's Commissioner for a renewable six-year term. When a vacancy occurs, the States Provincial express their preferences to the Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations. All Commissioners are members of a national political party, but they are expected to exercise their office in a nonpartisan fashion.
States Provincial
The States Provincial (Provinciale Staten, PS) is the elected assembly of the provinces. Its main role is laying down the guidelines for the policy of the States Deputed and exercising control over its execution by the States Deputed.
The States Provincial are elected every four years by the general population. All major political parties contest in the election and most of them are represented in each States Provincial. All citizens in a province have the right to vote and almost all citizens can be elected, ministers and state secretaries in the national government are barred from standing in elections as well as King's Commissioners and civil servants employed by the province. The number of members of the States Provincial depends on the number of inhabitants.
After the elections, the parties in the states elected the States Deputed. Moreover, the States Provincial also
The States Provincial is supported by its own civil service headed by the
Provincial Executive
The Provincial Executive (Gedeputeerde Staten, GS) are executive councilors of the province. Together with the King's Commissioner, they form the College van Commissaris van de Koning en Gedeputeerde Staten, which is the executive council of the province. Members of the Provincial Executive are elected by the States Provincial. The members of the Provincial Executive all have their own competence on which they prepare, coordinate, and plan policy and legislation for the State Provincial and execute legislation. The Provincial Executive has the duty to inform the States Provincial on all aspects of their policy. The Provincial Executive functions a collegial body and most decisions are taken by consensus.
Provincial competencies
Dutch provinces do not have many competencies. As the level of government between national government and the municipal government, it is responsible for those affairs for which the national government is too large and the municipalities too small. In most competencies the provinces have an executive function, executing policy that is made at the national level. The provincial competencies often shared with the national and municipal government include:
- Land management, specifically regional zoning laws;
- transport, regional infrastructure and regional public transport;
- economy and agriculture;
- conservation;
- recreation, welfare and culture;
- control over water boards and the finances of municipalities.
Finances
The provinces get most of their finances from the national government. Partially through the
Civil Service
All twelve provinces have their own civil service. Combined they have some 14.000 employees (2003). The head of the provincial civil service is the province-secretary.
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