Psalm 134

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This article is about Psalm 134 in Hebrew (Masoretic) numbering. For Psalm 134 in Greek Septuagint or Latin Vulgate numbering, see Psalm 135.

Psalm 134
"Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD"
Old City
, Jerusalem
Other name
  • Psalm 133
  • "Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum"
LanguageHebrew (original)

Psalm 134 is the 134th psalm from the

Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament, beginning in English in the King James Version: "Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD". Its Latin title is "Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum".[1] It is the last of the fifteen Songs of Ascents (Shir Hama'alot), and one of the three Songs of Ascents consisting of only three verses.[2] The New King James Version entitles this psalm "Praising the Lord in His House at Night".[3]

This psalm is Psalm 133 in the slightly different numbering system of the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate versions of the Bible.

The psalm forms a regular part of

Anglican Evening Prayer, with settings by John Dowland and Benjamin Rogers
, among others.

Text

Hebrew

The following table shows the Hebrew text[4][5] of the Psalm with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse Hebrew English translation (JPS 1917)
1 שִׁ֗יר הַֽמַּ֫עֲל֥וֹת הִנֵּ֤ה ׀ בָּרְכ֣וּ אֶת־יְ֭הֹוָה כׇּל־עַבְדֵ֣י יְהֹוָ֑ה הָעֹמְדִ֥ים בְּבֵית־יְ֝הֹוָ֗ה בַּלֵּילֽוֹת׃‎ A Song of Ascents. Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD, That stand in the house of the LORD in the night seasons.
2 שְׂאֽוּ־יְדֵכֶ֥ם קֹ֑דֶשׁ וּ֝בָרְכ֗וּ אֶת־יְהֹוָֽה׃‎ Lift up your hands to the sanctuary, And bless ye the LORD.
3 יְבָרֶכְךָ֣ יְ֭הֹוָה מִצִּיּ֑וֹן עֹ֝שֵׂ֗ה שָׁמַ֥יִם וָאָֽרֶץ׃‎ The LORD bless thee out of Zion; Even He that made heaven and earth.

King James Version

  1. Behold, bless ye the LORD, all ye servants of the LORD, which by night stand in the house of the LORD.
  2. Lift your hands in the sanctuary, and bless the LORD.
  3. The LORD that made heaven and earth bless thee out of Zion.

Background and themes

Baptist preacher Charles Spurgeon posits that verse 1 was recited by the festival pilgrims leaving the temple in the predawn darkness; seeing the guards with their lamps on the temple wall, they bid farewell to these loyal caretakers of the sanctuary. In return, the priests call out their blessing for the departing pilgrims in verse 3. Spurgeon extrapolates from this the need for congregants to pray for those who minister to them, and for ministers to pronounce blessings on their congregations.[8]

The Midrash Tehillim connects the contents of this psalm to several Jewish practices. Rabbi Yochanan says that "servants of the Lord who stand in the house of the Lord at night" mentioned in verse 1 refers to those who engage in nighttime Torah study, which God considers in the same light "as if they occupied themselves with the priest's service in the house of the Lord". The midrash connects the lifting of the hands in preparation for blessing the Lord in verse 2 with the practice of lifting the cup of wine with both hands for the recital of the Birkat Hamazon (Grace after Meals). The midrash further connects this verse to the Priestly Blessing, as Rabbi Simeon ben Pazzi says that a Kohen who has not ritually washed his hands may not lift them to invoke the Priestly Blessing.[9]

The Zohar also explains verse 2 as referring to the kohanim (members of the Jewish priestly class) who bestow the priestly blessing upon the congregation in the synagogue with raised hands. Before pronouncing the blessing, the kohanim must ritually wash their hands. They do not do so themselves; rather, the handwashing is performed by members of the levitical class, "who themselves are holy". If a Levite is not present in the synagogue, a firstborn son pours the water, since he too is called "holy".[10]

Uses

Judaism

Psalm 134 is recited following the

Shabbat Hagadol (the Shabbat before Passover).[11] In the Siddur Avodas Yisrael, the entire psalm is recited before the evening prayer on weekdays.[12] The psalm is also recited in full before engaging in Torah study.[13]

Verses 1 and 2 are part of the penitential poetry of Selichot.[12]

During the ritual washing of the hands before breaking bread, some say verse 2 prior to the blessing of al netilat yadayim.[14][15]

Catholic Church

The psalm, mentioning "night", forms part of the

Benedictine rite of the daily evening prayer Compline.[16] After the Reform of the Roman Breviary by Pope Pius X it was only used on Sundays and Solemnities. In the Liturgy of the Hours
it is part of Compline on the eve of Sunday and Solemnities.

Anglican Communion

The Book of Common Prayer translation of the psalm consists of four verses:[17]

  1. Behold now, praise the Lord: all ye servants of the Lord;
  2. Ye that by night stand in the house of the Lord: even in the courts of the house of our God.
  3. Lift up your hands in the sanctuary: and praise the Lord.
  4. The Lord that made heaven and earth: give thee blessing out of Sion.

In the Church of Ireland and other churches in the Anglican Communion, this psalm (listed as Ecce Nunc) is also listed as a canticle.[18]

Orthodox Church

This Psalm is used in the night prayer, which is one among the seven canonical prayers. The psalm 134, 119:169-176, 117 together used as a single prayer.

Musical settings

Among the hymns which are based on Psalm 134 is "Come, all you servants of the Lord", which

Old Hundredth.[19]

Orlande de Lassus wrote the motet Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum for seven voices a cappella, using a wide range from low bass to very high soprano.[21][22]

John Dowland supplied a setting in English, "Behold and have regard", to the collection The Whole Booke of Psalmes with works by ten composers, published in 1592 by Thomas Este.[23][24] Benjamin Rogers set the version in the English Book of Common Prayer, Behold, now praise the Lord, for choir a cappella in the 17th century.[25] Malcolm Hill composed a setting in English for mixed choir and organ in 1996, titled Meditation on Psalm 134.[26]

SWV 239, for the Becker Psalter
, published first in 1628.

References

  1. ^ Parallel Latin/English Psalter / Psalmus 133 (134) Archived 7 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine medievalist.net
  2. ^ Samet, Rav Elchanan (2018). "Shiur #08: Psalm 117 – 'O Praise The Lord, All You Nations' The Shortest Psalm in the Book of Tehillim". Yeshivat Har Etzion. Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  3. ^ Psalm 134: NKJV
  4. ^ "Psalms – Chapter 134". Mechon Mamre.
  5. ^ "Psalms 134 - JPS 1917". Sefaria.org.
  6. ^ Henry, Matthew. "Psalms 134". Bible Study Tools. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  7. ^ Jerusalem Bible (1966), footnote at Psalm 134
  8. ^ "Charles H. Spurgeon's Treasury of David: Psalm 134". christianity.com. 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  9. ^ "Midrash Tehillim / Psalms 134" (PDF). matsati.com. October 2012. p. 1. Retrieved 15 September 2018.
  10. ISBN 9780873068895
    .
  11. ISBN 1461631246
    .
  12. ^ a b Brauner, Reuven (2013). "Shimush Pesukim: Comprehensive Index to Liturgical and Ceremonial Uses of Biblical Verses and Passages" (PDF) (2nd ed.). p. 49.
  13. ^ "General". DailyTehillim.com. Archived from the original on 14 December 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  14. ISBN 9780881259667
    .
  15. ISBN 978-1-928822-84-4
  16. ^ "St. Benedict's Psalmody". University of Toronto. Retrieved 21 October 2018.
  17. ^ "Psalm 134". ChoralWiki. Retrieved 22 February 2019.
  18. ^ "2004 Texts (Section: The Canticles)". The Church of Ireland.
  19. ^ "Come, all you servants of the Lord". hymnary.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
  20. ^ Free scores of Ecce nunc benedicite (Tomás Luis de Victoria) in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  21. ^ "Laudent Deum: Sacred Music by Orlande de Lassus" (PDF). Chandos Records. 2011. p. 10. Retrieved 16 September 2018.
  22. ^ Free scores of Ecce nunc benedicite Dominum (Orlando di Lasso) in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  23. ^ The Whole Booke of Psalmes (Various): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
  24. ^ Psalm 134: Free scores at the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  25. ^ Free scores of Behold, now praise the Lord (Benjamin Rogers) in the Choral Public Domain Library (ChoralWiki)
  26. ^ Meditation on Psalm 134 (Hill, Malcolm): Scores at the International Music Score Library Project

External links

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