Pulveroboletus ravenelii

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Pulveroboletus ravenelii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Boletales
Family: Boletaceae
Genus: Pulveroboletus
Species:
P. ravenelii
Binomial name
Pulveroboletus ravenelii
(
Murrill
(1909)
Synonyms[1]
  • Boletus ravenelii Berk. & M.A.Curtis (1853)
Pulveroboletus ravenelii
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Pores on hymenium
Cap is convex or flat
mycorrhizal
Edibility is edible

Pulveroboletus ravenelii, commonly known as Ravenel's bolete or the powdery sulfur bolete, is a species of bolete fungus in the family Boletaceae. Described as new to science in 1853, the widely distributed species is known from Asia, Australia, North America, Central America, and South America. Mycorrhizal with oak, the fungus fruits on the ground singly, scattered, or in groups in woods. Fruit bodies (mushrooms) have convex to flat, yellowish to brownish-red caps up to 10 cm (4 in) in diameter. On the cap underside, the pore surface is bright yellow before turning dingy yellow to grayish brown with age; it stains greenish blue then grayish brown after injury. A cottony and powdery partial veil remains as a ring on the stipe. The mushrooms are edible, and have been used in traditional Chinese medicine and for mushroom dyeing.

Taxonomy

The species was first

William Alphonso Murrill transferred the fungus to the genus Pulveroboletus in 1909, giving it the name by which it is known today.[4] The mushroom is commonly known as "Ravenel's bolete"[5] or the "powdery sulfur bolete".[3]

Description

Young specimen with an intact partial veil

The cap is rounded to convex before flattening with age, and attains a diameter of 1–10 cm (0.4–3.9 in). Its margin is curved inward when young, and usually has hanging remnants of the partial veil. The surface is dry and initially coated with fine particles, while later it develops fine hairs or small scales that are pressed down flat on the surface; in maturity the surface usually develops fine cracks or wrinkles. It is bright yellow, later turning to orange-red to brownish red. The flesh is white to pale yellow, and, when cut, will slowly stain pale blue, then dingy yellow to pale brown. Its flesh has been described variously as indistinct,[3] or bitter tasting with an odor of hickory leaves.[5] The pore surface is bright yellow before turning dingy yellow to grayish brown with age. It stains greenish blue then grayish brown after being bruised or injured. The pores, which number about 1–3 per millimeter, are angular to almost circular. The tubes comprising the pore surface are 5–8 cm (2.0–3.1 in) deep. The yellow stem measures 4.5–14.5 cm (1.8–5.7 in) long by 0.6–1.6 cm (0.2–0.6 in) thick, and is roughly equal in width throughout or somewhat thicker near the base. It is solid (i.e., not hollow), and, above the level of the base, the surface is covered with minute hairs pressed flat against the surface. The partial veil, also bright yellow, is cottony and powdery, and remains as a ring on the upper portion of the stem,[3] although in some specimens it merges gradually with the stipe surface and becomes inconspicuous.[5] There is white mycelium at the stipe base.[6]

Pulveroboletus ravenelii produces an olive-grey to olive-brown

cap cuticle are arranged as an ixotrichodermium–long and typically multi-celled, with erect hyphae embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Clamp connections are absent from the hyphae.[6]

Habitat and distribution

The fruit bodies of Pulveroboletus ravenelii grow on the ground singly, scattered, or in groups in woods under conifers.

Mexican beech (Fagus mexicana) forest in Hidalgo, Mexico in 2010.[7] It has also been recorded from Costa Rica[8] and Colombia. In Asia, it has been found in Indonesia[6] and China.[9] It has also been recorded from northeast Australia.[6]

Uses

Pulveroboletus ravenelii mushrooms are

Bioactive compounds that have been identified from the fruit bodies include pulveravin A, pulveravin B, vulpinic acid,[10] and pulverolide.[11] Mushrooms are also used in mushroom dyeing to produce the colors yellow, gold, greenish yellow, orange, or olive, depending on the mordant used.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Pulveroboletus ravenelii (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) Murrill 1909". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
  2. doi:10.1080/03745485709495068
    .
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8156-0588-1
    .
  4. JSTOR 3753167
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8131-9039-6
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-0-89327-460-3
    .
  7. PMID 21622453. Open access icon
  8. PMID 18316181
    .
  9. JSTOR 3759565
    .
  10. PMID 12542354
    .
  11. doi:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.07.044
    .
  12. ISBN 978-0-8156-0680-2
    .

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulveroboletus_ravenelii&oldid=1194758848"