Quercus marilandica
Blackjack oak | |
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Dormant blackjack in the Cross Timbers of Lincoln County, Oklahoma | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Fagales |
Family: | Fagaceae |
Genus: | Quercus |
Subgenus: | Quercus subg. Quercus |
Section: | Quercus sect. Lobatae
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Species: | Q. marilandica
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Binomial name | |
Quercus marilandica | |
Generalized natural range of Quercus marilandica | |
Synonyms[4][5] | |
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Quercus marilandica, the blackjack oak, is a small
Description
Quercus marilandica is a small
Blackjack oaks in the Cross Timbers can grow from 15 to 18 m (50 to 60 ft) high but seldom reach more than 12 m (40 ft), with a trunk diameter of 41 cm (16 in). The leaves are from 10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 in) in length and about the same width.
Distribution and habitat
The blackjack oak can be found from Long Island in New York to Florida, west as far as Texas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska. There are reports of a few isolated populations in southern Michigan, but these appear to represent introductions.[7][8]
The species grows in poor, thin, dry, rocky or sandy soils where few other woody plants can thrive, usually on low ground, from sea level up to approximately 850 m (2,800 ft) in altitude. Some sources say that it does not have the beautiful form of many oaks, but is nonetheless a valuable tree for growing in problem sites.[9] Some say that the tree is "tough but ugly", but also underappreciated.[10][11] At times the tree has even been actively eradicated to provide room for trees deemed to be more commercially valuable.[12]
It is sometimes an understory tree in pine stands on sandy knolls in the southeastern US. Along the coastal plain of
and New York.A variety, Quercus marilandica Münchhausen var. ashei
Ecology
Blackjack oak sometimes hybridizes with
Blackjack acorns provide food for both whitetail deer and wild turkey. Blackjacks may, however, cause tannic acid poisoning in cattle.
Uses
The wood is very dense and produces a hot flame when burned, which functions as an excellent source of heat for barbecues and wood-burning stoves. However, the wood is not desirable for wood fireplaces because the heat causes popping, thereby increasing the risk of house fires.[19]
Traditionally blackjack wood is used as both a fuel and smoke wood for
References
- . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- ^ "NatureServe Explorer 2.0".
- )
- ^ "Quercus marilandica (L.) Münchh". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ "Quercus marilandica Münchh". Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ a b Nixon, Kevin C. (1997). "Quercus marilandica". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press. Retrieved 31 October 2017 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ "Quercus marilandica Range Map" (PDF). United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 2008-03-05.
- ^ "Quercus marilandica". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Liming, Franklin G. (1 March 1942). "Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks". Journal of Forestry. 40 (3). Society of American Foresters: 249–252.
- ^ Klingaman, Gerald (September 22, 2000). "Plant of the Week: Blackjack Oak". Extension News. University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Nelson, John (12 January 2017). "Blackjack oak grows in hardscrabble habitat". Tallahassee Democrat. Tallahassee, Florida. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Clark, F. Bryan; Liming, Franklin G. (December 1953), Sprouting of Blackjack Oak in the Missouri Ozarks, Technical Paper No. 137, Division of Forest Management, Central States Forest Experiment Station
- ^ "Blackjack Oak". What Tree Is It?. Ohio Public Library Information Network and The Ohio Historical Society. 1997.
- ^ Oklahoma Biological Survey (2016). "Ancient Cross Timbers". University of Oklahoma. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Oklahoma Forestry Services. "Oklahoma's Forests > Oklahoma's Major Forest Types > Post Oak-Blackjack Forest". Oklahoma Department of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Engle, David M. (18 March 1997). "Oak ecology". Stillwater, Oklahoma: Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Oklahoma State University. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ^ Hogan, C. Michael (26 November 2012). "Oak". In Dawson, A.; Cleveland, C.J. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Earth. Washington DC: National Council for Science and the Environment. Archived from the original on May 23, 2013.
- ^ Shapiro, Leo (28 September 2012). "Quercus marilandica – Blackjack Oak". Encyclopedia of Life. Biodiversity Heritage Library. Retrieved 31 October 2017.
- ISBN 0-89096-538-2.