Fagales
| Fagales Temporal range:
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|---|---|
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| Fagus sylvatica | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Clade: | Fabids
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| Order: | Fagales Engl.[1] |
| Families | |
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| Synonyms | |
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The Fagales are an
rosid group of dicotyledons, including some of the best-known trees. Well-known members of Fagales include: beeches, chestnuts, oaks, walnut, pecan, hickory, birches, alders, hazels, hornbeams, she-oaks, and southern beeches. The order name is derived from genus
Fagus (beeches).
Systematics
Fagales include the following seven families, according to the APG III system of classification:[1]
- Corylus, Ostrya, and Ostryopsis)
- Casuarinaceae – she-oak family (Allocasuarina, Casuarina, Ceuthostoma, and Gymnostoma)
- Quercus, and Trigonobalanus)
- )
- Myricaceae – bayberry family (Canacomyrica, Comptonia, and Myrica)
- Nothofagaceae – southern beech family (Nothofagus)
- Ticodendraceae – ticodendron family (Ticodendron)
Modern molecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[1][citation needed]
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The older
paraphyletic
to the other two groups.
Characteristics
Most Fagales are wind pollinated and are monoecious with unisexual flowers.[3]
Evolutionary history
The oldest member of the order is the flower Soepadmoa cupulata preserved in the late Turonian-Coniacian New Jersey amber, which is a mosaic with characteristics characteristic of both Nothofagus and other Fagales, suggesting that the ancestor of all Fagales was Nothofagus-like.[3]
References
- ^ hdl:10654/18083
- ^ "Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Databases and Publications". Archived from the original on 3 February 2004. Retrieved 16 October 2018.
- ^ PMID 29901855.