Railway electrification in Iran
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Tehran-Mashhad Railway Electrification (TMRE) | |
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standard gauge | |
Loading gauge | Axle Load = 22.5 ton |
Electrification | 25 kV AC 50 Hz |
Operating speed | 200 km/h (124 mph) pass. trains, 250 km/h (155 mph) tilting trains |
Highest elevation | 826–1,666 metres (2,710–5,466 ft) |
Railway electrification in Iran describes the past and present
The project is sometimes abbreviated to RAIELEC,[1] in which RAI is the abbreviation of Islamic Republic of Iran Railways (Persian: برقی کردن راه آهن در ایران, abbr: بكرا).
Early electrification: Tabriz-Jolfa
RC4 | |
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Pantograph | |
Traction motors | DC |
Performance figures | |
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Maximum speed | 100 km/h (62 mph) |
Power output | 3,600 kW (4,800 hp) |
Tractive effort | 240 kN (54,000 lbf) |
Career | |
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Operators | RAI |
Number in class | 8 |
Disposition | in service |
After initial negotiations in 1969,
The 8 locomotives used on this line with Bo-Bo configuration have been built by ASEA from Sweden based on RC4 type from SJ Rc family.
Electrification specification
The electric line voltage is 25 kV, 50 Hz, ( 25 kV AC railway electrification) with substations in Tabriz, Marand and Jolfa fed by 132 kV from the national grid. The end substations have three 15MW transformer and the Marand substation has four transformers.
Rank | Year | Orig. | Dest. | Dis. | Voltage, kV | power, MW | SS Dis., Km | Speed., Km/h | mast D., m | stagger len., m | pant. w., m | mast C., m | Height., m | Block l., m | Wire mm^2 | Tens., Kn | Reg. brk. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Iran | 1976 | kampsax | standard | 25 | 10-15 | 160 | 70 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 3.0 | 5-6 | 1500 | 107 | 10-12 | |||
1 | Iran | 1985 | Tabriz | Jolfa | 146 | 25 | 15 | 70 | 100 | 50 | 3 | 5.2 | 1200 | 100 | 1500 | 0 | ||
2 | Iran | 1997 | Tehran | Karaj | 35 | 2^25 | 63 | 60 | 140 | 55 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 1200 | 120 | 1500 | 1 | ||
3 | Iran | 2010 | Tabriz | Azarshahr | 46 | 25 | 15 | 140 | 55 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 1200 | 100 | 1500 | ||||
4 | Iran | 2012 | Tehran | Mashhad | 926 | 2^25 | 50 | 90 | 250 | 68 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 1300 | 120 | 2000 | 1 | ||
4 | Iran | 2014 | Tehran | Tabriz | 630 | 2^25 | 25 | 90 | 250 | 68 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 1300 | 120 | 2000 | 1 |
Track specification
Track specifications in current and planned electrified lines in Iran are as follows:
Rank | Year | Orig. | Dest. | Dis. | Tunnel | Stations | D.T.% | T.C. Dis. | clear. Height | clear. Width | Train Length | Train Load | Axle load | Leaner Load | rail weight | Con. Weld | Min. Curve | Max. Grade | Max. Speed | Station Speed | Train control |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 1891 | tabriz | jolfa | 146 | 0.1 | 7 | 0 | 4.7 | 3 | 400 | 2000 | 20 | 6 | 46-60 | 400 | 28 | 100 | 60 | |||
2 | 1956 | Tehran | mashhad | 926 | 0 | 49 | 100 | 4.75 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 750 | 3500 | 22.5 | 7 | 60 | 95% | 700 | 15 | 250 | 80 | ETCS 2 |
3 | 1928 | Ahvaz | Tehran | 62 | 816 | 45 | 20 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 420 | 2000 | 20 | 6.5 | 46-60 | 30 | 250 | 15 | 160 | 60 | |
Operational information
country | Year | Orig. | Dest. | Dis. | D.Track % | train cap. | Train Length | Train weight | passenger | freight | Pass. A.S. | frt. A.S. | T.P. demand | T.F. demand | Max. Speed | max P.C. | Max F.C. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iran | 1957 | Tehran | Mashhad | 926 | 100 | 60^2 | 750 | 3500 | 13 | 2 | 80 | 30 | 50 | 10 | 160 | 50 | 10 |
Iran | 1993 | Bafgh | Bandarabbas | 630 | 75 | 30^2 | 1500 | 7000 | 2 | 10 | 90 | 35 | 4 | 60 | 160 | 5 | 100 |
Recent projects
Pilot projects
Recently another contract was signed with the Russian railway
Continuing the line to
Also Shabestar and Salmas, relying on existing facilities and locomotives will be electrified. On the northern route it is planned to connect Soofian to Shabestar and Salmas.
Main project
A tender
Electric trains will reduce the existing journey time from 12 hours down to 6 hours and Multiple Train Units (EMUs) from existing 8 hours to less than 5 hours.
The line is equipped with
Second passenger projects
It is planned to expand electrification to the northwest up to the existing line at Tabriz (with 200 km/h speed for passenger trains and 250 for tilting EMU or trains like Railjet[citation needed]) that is part of Silk Road and the transit route from Almaty to Istanbul and Islamabad to Istanbul as one of main task and objectives of ECO Economic Cooperation Organization and one of the emphasized routes of ESCAP United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.
The first phase of this project will be from Tehran to Zanjan to make it more economic and also to prepare the new under construction includes straightening the route from Tabriz to Mianeh that will decrease the distance from Tehran to Tabriz about 100 km and for this stepwise plan dual mode or Electro-diesel locomotive could help justifying the project.
Recent inauguration of a 4 track '
In the beginning of 2012 a 5-member consortium was formed and proposed to do the project as BOT base.
Future projects
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Effects on stations
The layout of
Locomotive
Existing Electric locomotives
The locomotives in Tabriz-Jolfa has been built by ASEA based on Sweden type RC4 from SJ Rc family with 3600 KW and 100 km/h. Eight units are in operation.
The locomotives in Tehran-Karaj metro is TM1, TM2, TM3 similar to
New locomotive specification
Passenger locomotives (type Bo′Bo′ according to
The locomotive prototype shall be available 6 months before inauguration to allow for the homologation phase. A mockup and pilot experiment for EMUs could be used to expedite the accepting process.
Common platform locomotive
One of the major bottleneck to start operation of an electrified line in countries like Iran with rare electric track is to use the concept of a
Dual mode locomotive
Another solution is using dual mode locomotives for stepwise electrification. Electro-diesel locomotive
Locomotive approval test
The locomotive test and approval, homologation would be done according to RAI, UIC, AAR, TTCI Transportation Technology Center[7] and like SNCF Class BB 75000.
Tendering process
The initial study was done by RAI vice president for planning and international affairs in 2003 specially by calculating the benefit of electrification in locomotive saving in long passenger trains that was argued by the railway research center
The study was carried out by a joint of
Electrification history
Although railway electrification in Iran was started in 1975 it grounded down to a halt and stayed so 30 years. A contract for electrification of the Tehran-Mashhad double-track line and the supply of 70 electric locomotives was awarded in 2009.[8] Speeds of up to 200 km/h for locomotive-hauled passenger trains and 250 km/h for tilting EMUs will reduce existing journey times of 7.5 to 12 to less than 5 hours.
Tehran Metro line 5
One of the Electric railways in Iran is Line 5 of metro that uses 25 KV OCS and is operated by Tehran Metro.
On 7 March 1999, an overland Tehran-Karaj express electric train started a limited service of 31.4 km between Azadi Square (Tehran) and Malard (Karaj) calling at one intermediate station at Vardavard. The line was constructed by the Chinese company
Double-deck passenger cars for the Tehran-Karaj commuter line are supplied by CNTIC and assembled by the Wagon Pars factory in Arak.
Locomotives of this line is similar to
Electrification projects
A brief study was done to prepare a Comprehensive planning for electrification development in RAI.
Route | Length | traffic 2011 | fuel saving | Date | Max. speed |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
origin-destination | km | million | million liter | year | km/h |
Tehran-Mashhad | 926 | 20 pass. +5 frt. | 250 | 2012 | 250 |
Tehran-Bandarabbas | 1350 | 10 pass. + 60 frt. | 4000 | 2014 | 160 |
Tehran-Tabriz | 600 | 20 pass. + 5 frt. | 100 | 2014 | 250 |
Chadormaloo-Ardakan | 220 | 1pass. + 10frt. | 100 | 2011 | 120 |
Proposals
Comprehensive Transport Study of Iran
Parallel to the dynamic and flexible policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran regarding socio-economic development plan, Comprehensive Transportation Studies of Iran Comprehensive Transportation Studies of Iran (CTSI), has been implemented to design an optimum and multilateral transportation system best in order to satisfy economical and secure movement of goods and passengers. The overall target of this plan is to prepare a program including reports and studies that comprises the main strategies for leading the Islamic Republic of Iran’s transportation system as well as determining the priorities of allocating resources by considering the existing policies, criteria, necessities and priorities. Hence, the CTSI project is planned for achieving an optimum transportation system based on betterment of current situation and presenting investment priorities of transportation infrastructures in a twenty-year outlook in order to provide means for economical and secure movement of goods and passengers with a constant view to economic, social and cultural development plan policies of country.[9]
Freight projects
On the
Bandar Abbas is close to
This line might also transport oil. .As the rail connection with Zahedan will be inaugurated in near future, it will make it possible to have a direct transit line from Central Asia to Pakistan and India possibly with variable gauge bogies and could be completed with a link to Chabahar port in the south east of the country.
The business plan to justify the electrification and supplying locomotives is going to be prepared.
Electrification investment
Transport demand is increased more than
Transit-oriented development(TOD) is also an approach that could be used mainly from urban areas in railway stations.
Pacific Railroad Acts is a good benchmark for encouraging private sector for investment in railway network expansion programs.
Effects of electrification on stations
Electrification causes increased capacity of railway so the
External cost
The
This is specially due to railway safety relative to
Electrification effect on CDM
One of the results of electrification is
Electrification effect on TOD
Transit Oriented Development or TOD is one of major concepts that has been considered to promote the presence of railway, Metro and other modes of city transport in through increasing the interaction of transit by hoteling, marketing, services, housing.
Electrification standards
Some of main UIC standards in railway electrification are:
UIC 791-1, Maintenance guidelines for overhead contact lines
UIC 799, Characteristics of a.c. overhead contact systems for high-speed lines worked at speeds of over 200 km/h
And European union codes like:
En-50119, Cenelec standard Railway Electric Traction Contact-Lines
EN 15227 about the Crashworthiness requirements for railway vehicle bodies
IEC 61133- Rules for testing of electric locomotive
The first electrification standard for Iran was prepared by Kampsax(
Electrification industries
IDRO
Iranian railway industry are either belonging to IDRO or private sector and the electrification industries among them are like: Tam (irankhodro), Sanam, Irantransfo.
Electrification consultants
Because of short history of railway electrification and suburb metro with 25 kV there are not so many consultants for this in Iran, but some of them are
Electrification railway Maps
Some of suitable railway map sources with infrastructure and speed classification as well as topographic contours are given different sources.[13][14][15]
Electrification cost
The Electrification cost as part of railway prices and costs
According to the book of Prices and Costs in the railway sector by Professor Baumgartner from Switzerland[18] the rough estimation of traction substation cost is 0.2 million euro per megavolt amper and 0.2 million euro per km of line with 300 km/h and 0.15 for 100 km/h.[19]
Import Tariff
Tariff of electrification equipment in Iran is 5% for locomotive and machineries.
Electrification Right-of-way
Railway Electrification Education
For higher education, it is considered to have MS level in railway faculty in IRAN University of science and technology.[20]
See also
- Islamic Republic of Iran Railways
- Matrai
- Trans-Iranian Railway
- History of rail transport in Iran
- Economic Cooperation Organization
- United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
References
- ^ "RAIELEC, railway electrification in Iran - ghorbanalibeik". sites.google.com. Retrieved Jan 27, 2023.
- ^ "RZD Structure". Archived from the original on 2012-11-02. Retrieved 2012-10-17.
- ^ "Azarshahr electrification inaugurated".
- ^ International Tender Advice / Electrification Project of Tehran-Mashhad Double-Track Railway Route along with procuring electrical locomotives of the project
- ^ "Tehran - Mashhad electrification project launched". Railway Gazette International. Retrieved Jan 27, 2023.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2009-03-28.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Home". aar.com.
- ^ "Tehran - Mashhad electrification contract". Railway Gazette International. 4 March 2009. Archived from the original on 13 August 2012.
- ^ "CTSI". Archived from the original on 2010-10-08. Retrieved 2010-06-04.
- ^ "Austrians to Construct Persian Gulf Bridge to Connect Qeshm Island to the Main Island". Archived from the original on 2022-01-20. Retrieved 2010-12-27.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-12-10.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Motor Vehicle Accident Costs - Safety | Federal Highway Administration". safety.fhwa.dot.gov. Retrieved Jan 27, 2023.
- ^ Google maps
- ^ Open Railway Map
- ^ Marine traffic
- ^ "LITEP - Accueil | EPFL" (PDF).
- ^ Railways and Energy World Bank. Retrieved 27 January 2023
- ^ "LITEP - Accueil | EPFL" (PDF).
- ^ "Railway Technical Web Pages - Home Page". Archived from the original on 2016-02-16. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Iran University of Science & Technology - School of Railway Engineering - دانشکده مهندسی راه آهن".
Further reading
Free Railway Electrification book in ARACO library [1]
PDF free download possible in google site: [2]
also in raielec group in yahoo:[3][dead link]