Salé
It has been suggested that Medina of Salé be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2024. |
Salé
سلا | |
---|---|
UTC+1 (CET ) | |
|
Salé (
The city's name is sometimes transliterated as Salli or Sallee. The
History
The Phoenicians established a settlement called Sala,
It is sometimes confused with Salé, on the opposite north bank. Salé was founded in about 1030 by Arabic-speaking Berbers
The Banu Ifran Berber dynasty began construction of a mosque about the time the city was founded.[9] The present-day Great Mosque of Salé was built during the 12th-century reign of the Almohad sultan Abu Yaqub Yusuf,[10] although not completed until 1196.[11]
In September 1260, Salé was
Republic of Salé
In the 17th century, Salé became a haven for
European powers took action to try to eliminate the threat from the Barbary Coast. On 20 July 1629, the city of Salé was bombarded by French Admiral Isaac de Razilly with a fleet composed of the ships Licorne, Saint-Louis, Griffon, Catherine, Hambourg, Sainte-Anne, Saint-Jean; his forces destroyed three corsair ships.[21][22]
20th century
During the decades preceding the independence of Morocco, Salé was the stronghold of some "national movement" activists. The reading of the "Latif" (a politically charged prayer to God, read in mosques in loud unison) was launched in Salé and became popular in some cities of Morocco.
A petition against the so-called "Berber Dahir" (a decree that allowed some Berber-speaking areas of Morocco to continue using Berber Law, as opposed to Sharia Law) was given to Sultan Mohamed V and the Resident General of France. The petition and the "Latif" prayer led to the withdrawal and adjustment of the so-called "Berber Decree" of May 1930. The activists who opposed the "Berber Decree" apparently feared that the explicit recognition of the Berber Customary Law (a very secular-minded Berber tradition) would threaten the position of Islam and its Sharia law system. Others believed that opposing the French-engineered "Berber Decree" was a means to turn the table against the French occupation of Morocco.
The widespread storm that was created by the "Berber Dahir" controversy created a somewhat popular Moroccan nationalist elite based in Salé and
Subdivisions
The prefecture is divided administratively into the following:[23]
Name | Geographic code | Type | Households | Population (2014) | Foreign population | Moroccan population | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bab Lamrissa | 441.01.03. | Arrondissement | 44636 | 174936 | 668 | 174266 | |
Bettana | 441.01.05. | Arrondissement | 22360 | 95291 | 386 | 94905 | |
Hssaine | 441.01.06. | Arrondissement | 51858 | 214540 | 470 | 214070 | |
Layayda | 441.01.07. | Arrondissement | 33522 | 153361 | 163 | 153198 | |
Sidi Bouknadel | 441.01.08. | Municipality | 4955 | 25255 | 9 | 25246 | |
Tabriquet | 441.01.09. | Arrondissement | 61101 | 252277 | 629 | 251648 | |
Shoul | 441.03.01. | Rural commune | 3925 | 19915 | 6 | 19909 | in the Salé Suburbs Circle |
Ameur | 441.03.05. | Rural commune | 8983 | 46590 | 16 | 46574 | in the Salé Suburbs Circle |
Climate
Salé has a Mediterranean climate (Csa) with warm to hot dry summers and mild damp winters. Located along the Atlantic Ocean, Salé has a mild, temperate climate, shifting from cool in winter to warm days in the summer months. The nights are always cool (or cold in winter, it can reach Sub 0 °C (32 °F) sometimes), with daytime temperatures generally rising about 7 to 8 °C (45 to 46 °F). The winter highs typically reach only 17.2 °C (63.0 °F) in December–February. Summer daytime highs usually hover around 25 °C (77.0 °F), but may occasionally exceed 30 °C (86.0 °F), especially during heat waves. Summer nights are usually pleasant and cool, ranging between 11 °C (51.8 °F) and 19 °C (66.2 °F) and rarely exceeding 20 °C (68.0 °F). Rabat belongs to the sub-humid bioclimatic zone with an average annual precipitation of 560 mm.
Salé's climate resembles that of the southwest coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the coast of Southern California.
Climate data for Salé (Rabat–Salé Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1943–present | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 30.0 (86.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
35.8 (96.4) |
37.6 (99.7) |
43.0 (109.4) |
43.7 (110.7) |
47.2 (117.0) |
45.8 (114.4) |
42.3 (108.1) |
38.7 (101.7) |
35.1 (95.2) |
30.0 (86.0) |
47.2 (117.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.4 (63.3) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.2 (68.4) |
21.2 (70.2) |
23.6 (74.5) |
25.6 (78.1) |
27.2 (81.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
26.6 (79.9) |
24.8 (76.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.6 (65.5) |
22.7 (72.9) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.8 (58.6) |
16.0 (60.8) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.8 (69.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
23.1 (73.6) |
21.7 (71.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.7 (56.7) |
17.7 (63.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 7.2 (45.0) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.9 (64.2) |
18.3 (64.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
8.8 (47.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
Record low °C (°F) | −3.2 (26.2) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
3.5 (38.3) |
5.3 (41.5) |
9.0 (48.2) |
10.0 (50.0) |
11.0 (51.8) |
10.0 (50.0) |
7.0 (44.6) |
0.0 (32.0) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 80.9 (3.19) |
60.5 (2.38) |
62.6 (2.46) |
42.3 (1.67) |
17.9 (0.70) |
3.6 (0.14) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.6 (0.02) |
13.7 (0.54) |
54.9 (2.16) |
94.3 (3.71) |
90.2 (3.55) |
521.9 (20.55) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 7.6 | 6.4 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 2.7 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 7.6 | 51.8 |
Average relative humidity (%)
|
82 | 82 | 80 | 78 | 77 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 80 | 83 | 80 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 179.9 | 182.3 | 232.0 | 254.5 | 290.5 | 287.6 | 314.7 | 307.0 | 261.1 | 235.1 | 190.5 | 180.9 | 2,916.1 |
Source 1: NOAA (sun, 1961-1990)[24][25] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (humidity, 1973–1993),[26] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[27] |
Sports
In December 2017,
Infrastructure
Transport
Air
Salé's main airport is Rabat–Salé Airport, which is located in Salé but also serves Rabat, the capital city of Morocco.
Trains
Salé is served by two principal railway stations run by the national rail service, the
Salé-Ville is the main inter-city station, from which trains run south to
Tram
The Rabat–Salé tramway was the first tramway network in Morocco and it connects Salé with Rabat across the river. It was opened on 11 May 2011 after a construction cost of 3.6 billion MAD.[29][30] The network was constructed by Alstom Citadis and is operated by Transdev.[31][32] As of February 2022, the network had two lines with a total length of 26.9 km (17 miles) and 43 stations.[30][33] In 2023, an extension of the network was being planned and is due to be completed by 2028.[29]
Water
Water supply and wastewater collection in Salé was [when?] irregular, with poorer and illegal housing units suffering the highest costs and most acute scarcities.[34] Much of the city used to rely upon communal standpipes, which were often shut down, depriving some neighbourhoods of safe drinking water[34] for indefinite periods of time. Nevertheless, Salé fared better than inland Moroccan locations, where water scarcity was even more acute.[34] Improvements from the government, local businesses and the water distribution companies of Régie de distribution d'Eau & d'Électricité de Rabat-Salé (REDAL) as of 2010[update] have meant that this situation has improved drastically.[35]
In popular culture
The film Black Hawk Down was partially filmed in Salé, in particular the wide angle aerial shots with helicopters flying down the coastline.
The character
Notable residents
- Abdellah Taïa, writer
- Abdelwahed Radi, politician
- Abu Zakariya Yahya al-Wattasi, governor of Salé for the Marinids
- Ahmad ibn Khalid al-Nasiri, historian
- Ahmed al-Salawi, writer
- Amina Benkhadra, politician
- Amine Laâlou, athlete
- Chaim ibn Attar, world renowned biblical commentator, talmudist, and posek known for his work "Or HaChayim" on the Pentateuch
- Gnawi, rapper
- Hajj Ali Zniber, writer
- Hayat Lambarki, athlete
- Houcine Slaoui, musician
- Larbi Naji, footballer
- El Mehdi Malki, judoka
- Merouane Zemmama, footballer
- Mohamed Amine Sbihi, politician
- Mohammed Zniber, writer and historian
- Nores (musician), Rapper
- Rajaâ Cherkaoui El Moursli, Professor of Nuclear Physics
- Raphael Ankawa, Chief Rabbi of Morocco and a noted commentator, talmudist, posek, and author
- Reda Rhalimi, basketball player
- Saad Hassar, politician
- Tarik Khbabez, kickboxer
Twin towns – sister cities
- Aryanah, Tunisia
- Beitunia, Palestine
- Gandiaye, Senegal
- Grand Yoff, Senegal
- Maroua, Cameroon
- Portalegre, Portugal
Partner cities
Salé also cooperates with:[36]
- Alexandria, United States
- Sochi, Russia
- Tlaxcala, Mexico
See also
References
- ^ Le Président de la commune urbaine de Salé Archived 26 August 2014 at the Wayback Machine(in French)
- ^ High Commission for Planning. 20 March 2015. p. 8. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-521-21592-3.
- ISBN 978-0-520-22614-2.
- ISBN 978-88-498-1116-2.
- ISBN 978-0-7190-0623-4.
- ISBN 978-92-3-101709-4.
- ^ Jāmiʻat Muḥammad al-Khāmis. Kullīyat al-Ādāb wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah; Kullīyat al-Ādāb wa-al-ʻUlūm al-Insānīyah (1969). Hespéris tamuda. Vol. 10–13. Editions techniques nord-africaines. p. 92.
- ^ وزارة الأوقاف و الشؤون الإسلامية. Islam-maroc.gov.ma (in Arabic). Archived from the original on 24 February 2011.
- ISBN 978-1-134-25986-1.
- ISBN 978-1-4008-5303-8.
- ^ Dufourcq, Charles-Emmanuel (1966). Un projet castillan du XIIIe siècle : la croisade d'Afrique (in French). Faculty of Arts. p. 28.
- ISBN 0-8014-9264-5.
- ^ أنا باب المريسة وهذه حكايتي. El Mghriby. Retrieved January 27, 2018.
- ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0.
- ISBN 978-1-101-44531-0.
- ISBN 0-7531-5647-4.
summer of 1625, the mayor of Plymouth reckoned that 1,000 skiffs had been destroyed, and a similar number of villagers carried off into slavery. These miserable captives were taken to Salé
- ISBN 978-1-317-57605-1.
- ISBN 978-9981-896-76-5.
- ISBN 978-1-86189-946-0.
- ^ Coindreau 2006. p. 192
- ^ Jamieson 2013, p. 109
- ^ 2014 Morocco Population Census(in Arabic)
- ^ "Rabat Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ^ "Meknes Climate Normals 1991–2020". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ "Klimatafel von Rabat-Salé (Int. Flugh.) / Marokko" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961–1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ^ "Station Rabat" (PDF) (in French). Météo Climat. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
- ^ Basketball : L’AS Salé champion d’Afrique, La Vie éco, 21 December 2017. Retrieved 27 December 2017 (in French)
- ^ a b El Masaiti, Amira (20 July 2023). "Rabat Tramway network extends in the directions of Temara and Sale". HESPRESS English - Morocco News. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ a b L'Opinion. "Tramway / Rabat-Salé : 7,8 MDH pour la 3ème phase de développement". L'Opinion Maroc (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "Morocco: Inauguration of tramway line between Rabat and Salé". ICA. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "Qui sommes-nous ?". Tramway Rabat Salé (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ "MISE EN SERVICE COMMERCIALE DE L'EXTENSION DE LA LIGNE 2 DU RESEAU DU TRAMWAY DE RABAT SALE LE MERCREDI 16 FERVIER 2022". Tramway Rabat Salé (in French). Retrieved 7 September 2023.
- ^ a b c Guillaume Benoit and Aline Comeau, A Sustainable Future for the Mediterranean (2005) 640 pages
- ISBN 978-0-7844-7352-8.
- ^ a b "Partenariats". villedesale.ma (in French). Salé. Retrieved 2 December 2020.
External links
- Salé entry in LexicOrient
- Le portail de la ville de Salé
- New International Encyclopedia. 1905. .
34°02′N 6°48′W / 34.033°N 6.800°W