Salzburg (federal state)
Salzburg
Land Salzburg | ||
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Votes in Bundesrat 4 (of 62) | | |
Website | www.salzburg.gv.at |
Salzburg (Austrian German:
Geography
Location
Salzburg State covers an area of 7,156 km2 (2,763 sq mi). It stretches along its main river — the
Running through the south are the main ranges of the
Regions
The federal state is traditionally subdivided in five major regions (
- In the northern part:
- Flachgau (Salzburg city and environs), the flat (German: flach) Salzburg Basin around the confluence of Salzach and Saalach, stretching from the slopes of the Salzkammergut Mountains in the east to the Untersberg massif and the Chiemgau Alps in the west.
- Tennengau (district capital Hallein), named after the Tennen Mountains, including the broad Salzach Valley south of Salzburg and the surrounding ranges of the Limestone Alps.
- The southern, mountainous (colloquially Innergebirg) part is divided into:
- Pinzgau (Zell am See) in the southwest,
- Sankt Johann im Pongau) on Salzach and Enns, and
- Niedere Tauernrange.
Major cities and towns
Salzburg municipalities with town privileges:
- Salzburg city (pop. 148,521)
- Hallein (20,022)
- Saalfelden (16,046)
- Sankt Johann im Pongau(10,740)
- Bischofshofen (10,352)
- Zell am See (9,683)
- Seekirchen (9,945)
- Neumarkt am Wallersee (5,846)
- Oberndorf bei Salzburg (5,600)
- Mittersill (5,443)
- Radstadt (4,864)
Wals-Siezenheim, a common municipality with about 12,000 inhabitants, is known as 'Austria's largest village'.
History
Salt has played an important role in the region's development; Salzburg means "salt city".
Salzburg as an independent state
Independence from
Electorate of Salzburg
The territory was secularized and, as the
The end of independence
Following the Austrian defeat at Austerlitz in 1805, Salzburg was annexed by Austria as compensation for the loss of Tyrol to the Kingdom of Bavaria, and Ferdinand was transferred to the Grand Duchy of Würzburg.
Bavarian Salzburg
After Austria's defeat in 1809, the federal state was handed over to Bavaria in 1810.
The country divided between Bavaria and Austria
In 1816, following the defeat of
World War I
Salzburg participated in World War I, as part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. 49,000 Salzburgers were called to arms, of whom 6,000 were killed.[7]
Post-World War I Austrian republics
In 1918 after
Salzburg in Germany
As a result of Germany's annexation of Austria in 1938, Austria, including Salzburg State, was incorporated into Nazi Germany.
American control
After the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, the Allies occupied the territory of Austria, being recognized as an independent territory under their rule. Salzburg State was occupied by the United States.
Salzburg as an Austrian federal state
In 1955, Austria was again declared an independent state and Salzburg was once again one of the reconstituted federal states of the Second Republic of Austria.
Demographics
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Politics
Salzburg adopted its current provincial constitution in 1999. The provincial government (Landesregierung) is headed by a governor (Landeshauptmann), who is elected by a majority in the provincial parliament Landtag. Provincial elections are held every five years.
After World War II, most provincial governments were led by the conservative Austrian People's Party (ÖVP). ÖVP politician Josef Klaus (1910-2001), later chancellor of Austria, served as governor of Salzburg from 1949 till 1961. In 2004 Gabi Burgstaller became the first Social Democratic (and first female) governor of Salzburg.
The last results, in April 2023 (Compared to 2018) were:
Party Votes in % Change Seats Change Austrian People's Party (ÖVP) 30.37% 7.4% 12 3 Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) 25.75% 6.9% 10 3 Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) 17.87% 2.1% 7 1 Communist Party of Austria (KPÖ) 11.66% 11.3% 4 4 The Greens – The Green Alternative (GRÜNE) 8.20% 1.1% 3 - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum (NEOS) 4.20% 3.1% 0 3 We are Salzburg (WIRS) 1.19% 1.2% 0 New MFG Austria - People, Freedom, Fundamental Rights (MFG) 0.77% 0.8% 0 New
The current governor of Salzburg, Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP), entered into coalition discussions with the FPÖ, after his proposition of a ÖVP-FPÖ-SPÖ coalition was rejected by the Social Democrats. Haslauer said "I regret that we could not implement the Alliance for Salzburg". After successful coalition negotiations, the ÖVP and the FPÖ entered into a governing coalition with Haslauer as the Governor and Marlene Svazek as the First Deputy Governor.[1] Salzburg State has joined Lower Austria and Upper Austria as the third black-blue coalition provincial government. The ÖVP has four seats in the government, while the FPÖ has three.[8] The current president (speaker) of the Salzburg federal state parliament is Brigitta Pallauf.
Government
Government ministers and their portfolios from the 2023 provincial election.
Governor Wilfried Haslauer (ÖVP) [2]
- State Direction
- Finance and Asset Management
- Security
- Disaster Prevention
- Museums
- Research and Science
- European Affairs.
1st Deputy Marlene Svazek (FPÖ) [3]
- Nature and Environment Protection
- Business
- Early and Primary Education
- Hunting and Fishing
- Youth
- Families
- Intergration
- Generations
2nd Deputy Stefan Schnöll (ÖVP) [4]
- Economy and Tourism
- Communities
- Employment and Labour Market
- Infrastructure and Traffic
- Culture
Members of the provincial government [5]
- Josef Schwaiger (ÖVP): Agriculture, Personnel Management, Water, National Parks, Energy, Asylum Seekers
- Daniela Gutschi (ÖVP): Education, Health, Women and Diversity
- Christian Pewny (FPÖ): Social Services, Food, Consumer Protection, Regional Development, Apprenticeships
- Martin Zauner (FPÖ): Spatial Planning, Living, Sport, Basic Traffic
Administrative divisions
Districts
Salzburg State comprises six districts, known as Bezirke or vernacularly Gaue:
- Hallein District (Tennengau region)
- St. Johann im Pongau District (Pongau region)
- Salzburg-Umgebung District (Salzburg environs) (Flachgau region)
- Tamsweg District (Lungau region)
- Zell am See District (Pinzgau region)
Salzburg city is its own administrative district.
Municipalities
The federal state is divided into 119 municipalities, including Salzburg City. 11 of them have city status (Städte), 24 are market towns (Marktgemeinden) and the other 84 are simple municipalities (Gemeinden). Below is a list of all the municipalities divided by district:
- Hallein District (Tennengau) (13 municipalities): Abtenau, Adnet, Annaberg-Lungötz, Bad Vigaun, Golling an der Salzach, Hallein, Krispl, Kuchl, Oberalm, Puch bei Hallein, Rußbach am Paß Gschütt, Sankt Koloman, Scheffau am Tennengebirge.
- Salzburg-Umgebung District (Flachgau) (37 municipalities): Anif, Anthering, Bergheim, Berndorf, Bürmoos, Dorfbeuern, Ebenau, Elixhausen, Elsbethen, Eugendorf, Faistenau, Fuschl am See, Großgmain, Göming, Grödig, Hallwang, Henndorf, Hintersee, Hof bei Salzburg, Koppl, Köstendorf, Lamprechtshausen, Mattsee, Neumarkt am Wallersee, Nußdorf am Haunsberg, Oberndorf bei Salzburg, Obertrum, Plainfeld, Sankt Georgen, Sankt Gilgen, Schleedorf, Seeham, Seekirchen, Straßwalchen, Strobl, Thalgau, Wals-Siezenheim.
- Sankt Johann im Pongau, Sankt Martin am Tennengebirge, Sankt Veit im Pongau, Schwarzach im Pongau, Untertauern, Wagrain, Werfen, Werfenweng.
- Tamsweg District (Lungau) (15 municipalities): Göriach, Lessach, Mariapfarr, Mauterndorf, Muhr, Ramingstein, Sankt Andrä im Lungau, Sankt Margarethen im Lungau, Sankt Michael im Lungau, Tamsweg, Thomatal, Tweng, Unternberg, Weißpriach, Zederhaus.
- Zell am See District (Pinzgau) (28 municipalities): Bramberg am Wildkogel, Bruck an der Großglocknerstraße, Dienten am Hochkönig, Fusch an der Großglocknerstraße, Hollersbach im Pinzgau, Kaprun, Krimml, Lend, Leogang, Lofer, Maishofen, Maria Alm, Mittersill, Neukirchen am Großvenediger, Niedernsill, Piesendorf, Rauris, Saalbach-Hinterglemm, Saalfelden, Sankt Martin bei Lofer, Stuhlfelden, Taxenbach, Unken, Uttendorf, Viehhofen, Wald im Pinzgau, Weißbach bei Lofer, Zell am See.
Economy
The federal state's gross domestic product (GDP) was 29 billion € in 2018, accounting for 7.5% of the Austria's economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 46,500 € or 154% of the EU27 average in the same year. Salzburg is the federal state with the highest GDP per capita in Austria before Vienna.[9]
Architecture
The
The predominant stylistic elements of Salzburg's architecture have their origins in the Baroque and the Rococo periods.
Salzburg City's historic centre was named by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
Language
Visitors' attractions
- Eisriesenwelt: the largest ice cave in the world
- Großglockner Hochalpenstraße: a panoramic road, called Grossglockner High Alpine Road
- Salzkammergut: a lake district situated in Salzburg State, Upper Austria and Styria
- Sankt Johann im Pongauor St.Johann/Pg., a small town in the centre of the federal state.
- Nonnberg Abbey: a Benedictine monastery that was immortalized in the movie The Sound of Music
Sports
- Salzburgring, a permanent racing circuit, north east of the city of Salzburg
- Ski Amadé
- Kitzsteinhorn, skiing the year round on a glacier
- Icespeedway in St. Johann im Pongau
- Aperschnalzen, an old tradition of competitive whipcracking
Ski resorts
Assorted statistics
- Tourist Regions: 21
- Resort Towns: 115
- Guest Beds: 192,000
- Lakes: 185
- Biggest lake: Wolfgangsee
- Longest river: Salzach
- Highest mountain: Großvenediger — elevation 3,666 metres (12,028 ft)
- Hiking paths: 7,200 kilometres (4,500 mi)
- Hill farms: 1,800 — 550 of them serving refreshments
- National parks: 1
- Marked cycle paths: 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi)
- Mountainbike trails (including cross-border routes): 3,000 kilometres (1,900 mi)
- Golf courses: 13
- Ski slopes: 1,700 kilometres (1,100 mi)
- Cross-country ski trails: 2,220 kilometres (1,380 mi)
- Night slopes: 14
- Winter hiking paths: 2,500 kilometres (1,600 mi)
Notes
- ^ English: /ˈsɔːltsbɜːrɡ/, also UK: /ˈsæltsbɜːrɡ/, US: /ˈsɔːlzbɜːrɡ, ˈsɑːlz-, ˈsælz-, ˈzɑːltsbʊərk/.[3][4][5][6]
References
- ^ "Basisdaten Bundesländer" (PDF). Retrieved 2023-09-01.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.
- ^ "Salzburg". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-01-08.
- ^ "Salzburg". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Salzburg". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "Salzburg". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ "In 1816 Salzburg was incorporated into Austria". Archived from the original on 2009-03-12. Retrieved 2009-05-10.
- ^ red, salzburg ORF at/Agenturen (2023-05-02). "Regierungsbildung: ÖVP verhandelt mit FPÖ". salzburg.ORF.at (in German). Retrieved 2023-05-18.
- ^ "Regional GDP per capita ranged from 30% to 263% of the EU average in 2018". Eurostat.