Landeshauptmann

The Landeshauptmann (if male) or Landeshauptfrau (if female) (German:

in the modern-day states of Germany (with the exceptions of the city-states) the counterpart to Landeshauptmann is the Ministerpräsident (minister-president).

Origins

Since the

or Landespräsident (governor).

With the dissolution of

(1886–1889, 1892–1899).

Austria

In modern Austria, the title is used for the head of the executive of the nine Austrian states, equivalent to the position of a Ministerpräsident in German states. In English speaking countries, the title is usually translated as "governor," though as mentioned above the function corresponds more to that of minister-president or premier.

The Landeshauptmann is elected by the Landtag (state parliament) of the respective state and sworn in by the President of Austria. In practice, the landeshauptmann is almost always the leader of the majority party in the Landtag, or the leader of the senior partner in the governing coalition. As representative of the federal government on state level, the landeshauptmann is also responsible for the enforcement of federal laws. Unlike in the federal government, there is no distinction between the head of state and head of government and the landeshauptmann serves both roles.

As

List of governors

	Portrait	Name	State of Austria	Took office	Federal political affiliation	State political affiliation
		Michael Ludwig	Vienna See also: List of mayors of Vienna	24 May 2018	Social Democratic Party of Austria	SPÖ Wien
		Johanna Mikl-Leitner	Lower Austria See also: List of governors of Lower Austria	19 April 2017	Austrian People's Party	Volkspartei Niederösterreich
		Wilfried Haslauer	Salzburg See also: List of governors of Salzburg (state)	19 June 2013	Austrian People's Party	Salzburger Volkspartei
		Anton Mattle	Tyrol See also: List of governors of Tyrol	25 October 2022	Austrian People's Party	Tiroler Volkspartei
		Hans Peter Doskozil	Burgenland See also: List of governors of Burgenland	28 February 2019	Social Democratic Party of Austria	SPÖ Burgenland
		Thomas Stelzer	Upper Austria See also: List of governors of Upper Austria	6 April 2017	Austrian People's Party	Oberösterreichische Volkspartei
		Peter Kaiser	Carinthia See also: List of governors of Carinthia	28 March 2013	Social Democratic Party of Austria	SPÖ Kärnten
		Markus Wallner	Vorarlberg See also: List of governors of Vorarlberg	7 December 2011	Austrian People's Party	Volkspartei Vorarlberg
		Christopher Drexler	Styria See also: List of governors of Styria	4 July 2022	Austrian People's Party	Steirische Volkspartei

South Tyrol and Trentino

According to the 1946 Gruber–De Gasperi Agreement and the Second Autonomy Statute of 1972, the chief executives of the provincial governments (Italian: Presidente della Provincia autonoma) of South Tyrol and Trentino are called Landeshauptleute in German.

The head of

as far as South Tyrolean issues are discussed. Their two deputies have to represent the Italian and German language group.

Despite the German terms Landeshauptmann and Landtag, South Tyrol and Trentino according to Italian conception are no federated states (Länder) but merely subnational administrative divisions (enti territoriali), though with considerable self-government responsibilities and legislative powers.

	Portrait	Name	Region	Took office	Political party
		Arno Kompatscher	South Tyrol See also: List of governors of South Tyrol	9 January 2014	South Tyrolean People's Party
		Maurizio Fugatti	Trentino See also: List of presidents of Trentino	22 October 2018	Northern League

Prussia

From 1875 the territorial authority of the estates in the twelve administrative provinces of Prussia were re-organised as Provinzialverbände. Each of these self-governing bodies were represented in a Provinziallandtag assembly, whose members were delegated by the rural and urban districts within the province. The districts organised through their elected deputies their utilities, such as construction and maintenance of provincial roads, hospitals, schools, public savings banks, waste disposal etc., in self-rule.

The provincial administration was initially headed by a Landesdirektor, who was elected by the assembly for six-year terms (in Pomerania: five years) and maximally two terms. The holder of the office presided over the Provinzialausschuss, i.e. provincial government of self-rule, whereas the Oberpräsident was the king-appointed representative for the province, busy with implementing and supervising central prerogatives of the Prussian government.

In the following decades, Landeshauptmann gradually replaced the earlier expression Landesdirektor in all but one of Prussia's provinces. When the kingdom turned into a

in 1933, the office-holders were furloughed or retired and the offices remained vacant.

Klaipėda Region

The

: krašto direktorija; i.e. government). The head of government was given the title Landespräsident (state president).

References