San Jose scale
| San Jose scale | |
|---|---|
_(19372062081).jpg)
| |
| Male | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Sternorrhyncha |
| Superfamily: | Coccoidea |
| Family: | Diaspididae |
| Subfamily: | Aspidiotinae |
| Tribe: | Aspidiotini |
| Genus: | Comstockaspis |
| Species: | C. perniciosus
|
| Binomial name | |
| Comstockaspis perniciosus (Comstock), 1881
| |
| Synonyms | |
| |
The San Jose scale or China scale (Comstockaspis perniciosus) is a
Distribution
This species originated in Siberia, north east China and the northern part of the Korean peninsula. It has spread to every continent except Antarctica and is a major pest of fruit trees.[5]
Arrival in the United States
The San Jose scale derives its popular name from
Description
The body of adult female is yellow and is covered with a rounded dark gray scale up to two millimetres in diameter. Over the course of two months, yellow crawlers are born viviparously and emerge from the back of the test at the rate of two or three a day. In bad weather they gather under their mother's scale. The crawlers disperse to other parts of the plant and start feeding. They moult after about ten days and begin to lose their eyes, legs and antennae. The adult female appears after the next moult and the scale develops, incorporating the larval
Ecology
This species is found in both temperate and subtropical climates. It infests about two hundred different species of host plant, mostly deciduous trees and bushes. It is found on the trunks, branches, twigs, leaves and fruits of the plant. Females predominate on the leaf stalks and fruit while males predominate on the leaves. There may be several generations each year in warm climates but in cooler regions there is a single generation. The first and second instars may overwinter in cracks in the bark and the hibernating nymphs can survive temperatures as low as −42 °C. The emergence of the nymphs in the spring coincides with bud burst.[5]
References
- ^ Kosztarab, M. 1996. Scale Insects of Northeastern North America. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication Number 3.
- ^ Melander, A. L. 1914. "Can Insects Become Resistant to Sprays?" Journal of Economic Entomology. Volume 7, Number 2
- ^
García Morales, M.; Denno, B. D.; Miller, D. R.; Miller, G. L.; et al. (2019). "ScaleNet: A literature-based model of scale insect biology and systematics". Database. 2016. PMID 26861659. Retrieved 2019-10-24.
- ^ "GBIF, Comstockaspis perniciosa". Retrieved 2024-10-19.
- ^ a b c AgroAtlas
- Popular Science Monthly (65). Archived from the originalon 2022-12-08. Retrieved 2022-06-02.
Literature
- Numerous articles by L. O. Howard, C. L. Marlatt, A. L. Quaintance, and others, published by the United States Bureau of Entomology (Washington, 1896 et seq.); W. G. Johnson, Fumigation Methods (New York, 1902); United States Department of Agriculture, The Farmer's Bulletin, No. 650 (Washington, 1915), and the publications of the State agricultural experiment stations.
External links
| Authority control databases: National |
|---|
