Satiric misspelling
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/2008_Anonymous_Scientology_protest_in_San_Francisco.jpg/220px-2008_Anonymous_Scientology_protest_in_San_Francisco.jpg)
A satiric misspelling is an intentional
K replacing c
In political writing
Replacing the letter c with k in the first letter of a word was used by the Ku Klux Klan during its early years in the mid-to-late 19th century. The concept is continued today within the group. For something similar in the writing of groups opposed to the KKK, see § KKK replacing c or k, below.
In the 1960s and early 1970s in the
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Barc_okupa.jpg/220px-Barc_okupa.jpg)
A similar usage in
In humor
Replacing "c" with "k" was at the center of a Monty Python joke from the Travel Agent sketch. Eric Idle's character has an affliction that makes him pronounce the letter C as a B, as in "blassified" instead of "classified". Michael Palin asks him if he can say the letter K; Idle replies that he can, and Palin suggests that he spell words with a K instead of C. Idle replies: "what, you mean, pronounce 'blassified' with a K? [...] Klassified. [...] Oh, it's very good! I never thought of that before! What a silly bunt!"[6]
KKK replacing c or k
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%22No_Justice_In_AmeriKKKa%22_graffiti.jpg/170px-%22No_Justice_In_AmeriKKKa%22_graffiti.jpg)
A common satiric usage of the letters KKK is the spelling of America as Amerikkka, alluding to the
The spelling Amerikkka came into greater use after the 1990 release of the gangsta rap album AmeriKKKa's Most Wanted by Ice Cube. The letters KKK have been inserted into several other words and names, to indicate similar perceived racism, oppression or corruption. Examples include:
- Republikkkan (U.S. Republican Party)[8]
- Demokkkrat (U.S. Democratic Party)[9]
- KKKapitalism (capitalism)[10]
- David DuKKKe (antisemitic conspiracy theorist
Currency signs
- Autism $peaks (for autism spectrum disorder[12]
- Bu$h (for George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, or the Bush family)[13][14][15]
- Congre$$ (for United States Congress)[16]
- Co$ or $cientology (for the Church of Scientology):[17][18] see also Scientology controversies.
- Di$ney and Di$neyland (for The Walt Disney Company and Disneyland):[19] see also Criticism of the Walt Disney Company and Disneyland § Tickets
- E$$o (for Esso): Used by the UK-based Stop Esso campaign encouraging people to boycott Esso, in protest against Esso's opposition to the Kyoto Protocol.[20]
- €urope (for Europe)[21]
- Ke$ha (singer-songwriter): adopted the dollar sign in her name while financially struggling as an ironic gesture.[22]
- Micro$oft, M$, M$FT (for Microsoft):[23][24] see also Criticism of Microsoft
- $ony (for Sony)[25][26]
- United $tates (for the United States)[27]
- £$€ for London School of Economics
Word-in-word
Occasionally a word written in its orthodox spelling is altered with internal capital letters, hyphens, italics, or other devices so as to highlight a fortuitous pun. Some examples:
- After the controversial 2000 United States presidential election, the alleged improprieties of the election prompted the use of such titles as "pResident" and "(p)resident" for George W. Bush.[28] The same effects were also used for Bill Clinton during and after Clinton's impeachment hearings.[citation needed] These devices were intended to suggest that the president was merely the resident of the White House rather than the legitimate leader.[28]
- The controversial
- Feminist theologian Mary Daly has used a slash to make a point about patriarchy: "gyn/ecology", "stag/nation", "the/rapist".[31]
- In French, where con is an insulting word meaning "moron", the word conservateur (conservative) has been written "con-servateur",con artist.[36]
- Netizens often called plunderer) to highlight allegations that he pocketed pork barrel funds through the use of fake non-government organizations.[37]
- Jair Bolsonaro has been called BolsoNero, due to the 2019 Amazon rainforest wildfires and indifference to the COVID-19 pandemic.[38][39]
In internet memes
Lolcats
In the mid-2000s, lolcat image macros were captioned with deliberate misspellings, known as "lolspeak", such as a cat asking "I can haz cheezburger?"[40] Blogger Anil Dash described the intentionally poor spelling and fractured grammar as "kitty pidgin".[40]
"B" emoji replacing hard consonants
The negative squared letter B (🅱️; originally used to represent blood type B)[41] can be used to replace hard consonants as an internet meme. This originates from the practice of members of the Bloods replacing the letter C with the letter B, but has been extended to any consonant.[42][43] Common examples are:
- Ni🅱️🅱️a, replacing nigga.[42] Some non-black people have been criticised for using this as if the taboo around the word did not apply.[42]
- 🅱️loods for Bloods.[42]
- 🅱️eter for Peter Griffin.[42]
Misspelled animal names
Various different instances of intentional misspellings of animal names have been made as internet memes. The mid-2000s lolcat memes used spellings such as kitteh for kitty.[44]
The 2013 Doge meme is a deliberate misspelling of dog.[45]
The internet slang of DoggoLingo, which appeared around the same time, spells dog as doggo and also includes respelled words for puppy (pupper) and other animals such as bird (birb) and snake (snek).[46] Respellings in DoggoLingo usually alter the pronunciation of the word.
Other significant respellings
Along the same lines, intentional misspellings can be used to promote a specific negative attribute, real or perceived, of a product or service. This is especially effective if the misspelling is done by replacing part of the word with another that has identical phonetic qualities.
Journalists may make a politicized editorial decision by choosing to differentially retain (or even create) misspellings, mispronunciations, ungrammaticisms, dialect variants, or interjections.
The British political satire magazine
Backronyms
Plays on
See also
- Cacography
- Eye dialect
- Herstory
- Leet
- Play on words
- Pun
- Sensational spelling
- Womyn
References
- ^ a b "Amerika | Meaning of Amerika by Lexico". Lexico Dictionaries | English. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Psychedelic 60's: Four Radical Groups". UVA Library. Archived from the original on December 6, 1998. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ Rubin, Jerry. "Jerry Rubin: Self-Portrait of a Child of "Amerika," 1970". american.edu. Archived from the original on November 3, 2003. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "comunidades.calle22.com - TODOS SOMOS OKUPAS". Archived from the original on June 11, 2008. Retrieved October 7, 2004.
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- YouTube.
- ^ "Black World/Negro Digest". Johnson Publishing Company. July 1970.
- ^ "The Blackstripe - Stolen 2000 Election". Archived from the original on February 25, 2006. Retrieved October 8, 2004.
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "From Critical Reflections to Forward Progression". Archived from the original on November 4, 2005. Retrieved 2005-11-04.
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- ^ "#autism $peaks on Tumblr".
- ^ "«Stoppez Bu$h". Le Devoir. November 20, 2003.
- ^ "Caught in the Crossfire: What Will Bu$h Do About Corporate Corruption?". Archive.democrats.com. June 28, 2002.
- ^ "UK Indymedia - Stop Bu$h - National Demonstration - Thursday 20th". Indymedia.org.uk. November 20, 2003.
- ^ "Congre$$, Heal Thyself". Common Dreams. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "The $cientology Cartoon Page". Archived from the original on March 2, 2007. Retrieved February 24, 2005.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link) - ^ "Scientology LIES to Media doctored photos proof". lermanet.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "JOE MATHEWS: Di$neyland ought to give kids a break". The Bakersfield Californian. December 16, 2014.
- ^ "Interview with a Stop Esso activist". Greenpeace. November 29, 2001. Archived from the original on January 8, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2014.
- ^ "€urope's role in the €nergy €volution". Retrieved April 26, 2020.
- ^ "View Single Post - Pop sensation Ke$ha gutsy, fearless". jam.canoe.ca. January 19, 2010. Archived from the original on July 19, 2012.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ at 15:00, Richard Speed 21 Aug 2019. "Microsoft: Reckon our code is crap? Prove it and $30k could be yours". www.theregister.co.uk. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
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: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ "С такими друзьями враги не нужны: обзор топ-смартфона Nokia Lumia 900". ZOOM.CNews.ru (in Russian). Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "[PS4 Scene] Nem todo herói usa capa! – NewsInside" (in Brazilian Portuguese). March 17, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Ściąganie gier na PS4 będzie wolniejsze - Sony obniża prędkość | GRYOnline.pl". GRY-Online.pl (in Polish). Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "United $tates". Anti-Imperialism.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2020. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ a b "Name the President!". The Nation. March 18, 2006. Archived from the original on May 30, 2006.
- ^ a b "PAT RIOT Act - Richard Stallman". Stallman.org. Archived from the original on April 9, 2016. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ Tkacik, John. "Beijing Reads Democracy in Hong Kong the (Pat)Riot Act". The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ Priluck, Jill (March 1999). "Battling stag/nation". Salon Ivory Tower. Archived from the original on January 28, 2005. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ^ "Elections Québec '98". June 11, 2008. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008.
- ^ "cri". Chantiers.org.
- ^ "France-Mail-Forum Nr. 31: Politique et histoire". June 11, 2008. Archived from the original on June 11, 2008.
- ^ "Les deux vies de " Wolfie ", le " néo-con " au " coeur qui saigne". LeMonde.fr.
- ^ Jane Kleeb (July 2, 2010). ""Con"servative Bait and Switch". Boldnebraska.org. Archived from the original on April 2, 2012. Retrieved 2012-04-30.
- ^ "'MandaramBong': Netizens twit Revilla speech". ABS-CBN News. January 20, 2014.
- ^ "BolsoNERO, Brazil's President Fiddles as a Pandemic Looms". The Economist. March 26, 2020.
- ^ "As Amazon Rainforest Burns, Indigenous Women Call on Support". Indian Country Today. August 23, 2019.
- ^ a b Silverman, Dwight (June 5, 2007). "Web photo phenomenon centers on felines, poor spelling". Chron. Retrieved October 9, 2021.
- ^ "🅱️ Negative Squared Latin Capital Letter B Emoji". emojipedia.org. Retrieved September 21, 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Hathaway, Jay (June 16, 2017). "Behind B Emoji, the Meme Tearing the Internet Apart". The Daily Dot. Archived from the original on June 17, 2017. Retrieved April 2, 2020.
- ISBN 0-8058-5599-8.
- ^ Geier, Thom, et al. (December 11, 2009). "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends that entertained us over the past 10 Years Archived August 5, 2010, at the Wayback Machine". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74-84
- ^ "Doge". KnowYourMeme.com. July 24, 2013. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ Chidester, Tegan (March 12, 2020). "Doggolingo: A Guide to the Internet's Favorite Language". OutwardHound.com. Retrieved June 13, 2021.
- ^ "Peter Carter-Ruck". The Daily Telegraph. London. December 22, 2003. Retrieved January 27, 2015.
- ^ Sherrin, Ned (December 16, 2000). "Surely shome mishtake?". The Guardian. London.
- ISBN 978-0-8262-1748-6. Retrieved August 11, 2013.
- ^ "Opposing Digital Rights Mismanagement (Or Digital Restrictions Management, as we now call it)?". Retrieved May 29, 2014.
- ^ "National 'Surveillance' Agency? Audit reveals NSA violations". Fox News. February 4, 2017.
- ^ "National Surveillance Agency: Looking At Google Glass, Xbox One Through The NSA's Prism [OPINION]". iDigitalTimes.com. June 14, 2013. Archived from the original on September 28, 2013.
- ^ "National Surveillance Agency: Looking At Google Glass, Xbox One Through The NSA's Prism". n4g.com.
- ^ Catholic Online. "National Surveillance Agency program is still ongoing". catholic.org. Archived from the original on December 25, 2013.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved March 11, 2016.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Barry Popik".
External links
- On de spelling and use of various words by Mangwiro A. Sadiki-Yisrael