Selam (Dogu'a Tembien)

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Coordinates: 13°40′N 39°12′E / 13.667°N 39.200°E / 13.667; 39.200
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Selam
UTC+3 (EAT
)

Selam is a tabia or municipality in the

Dogu'a Tembien district of the Tigray Region of Ethiopia. The tabia centre is in Addi Werho village, located approximately 3 km to the northeast of the woreda town Hagere Selam
.

Cave entrance in Tinsehe Antalo Limestone

Geography

The tabia stretches down north of the ridge occupied by the main road towards the Tinsehe gorge. The highest peak is Imba Khoboro (2,730 m a.s.l.) and the lowest place at the foot of the waterfall in Tinsehe (2,000 m a.s.l.).

Intravolcanic sedimentary rock at Ksad Addi Amyuq roadcut

Geology

Rock sample of phonolite, collected at Addi Amyuq
Rock sample collected from the Upper basalt at Addi Amyuq pass
Rock sample of Interbedded lacustrine deposits, collected east of Khunale
Rock sample of Amba Aradam sandstone, collected in Miheno
Rock sample from Antalo limestone, collected in Miheno

From the higher to the lower locations, the following geological formations are present:[1]

Geomorphology and soils

The main

geomorphic units, with corresponding soil types are:[3]

Hagere Selam Highlands, along the upper basalt and sandstone ridge
Mazi-Pellic Vertisol (Eutric) Thapto Haplic Leptosol at Mere'a Ziban

Gently rolling Antalo Limestone plateau (in the lower parts), holding cliffs and valley bottoms on limestone

See also: Soil in Dogu'a Tembien

Climate and hydrology

Climate and meteorology

The rainfall pattern shows a very high seasonality with 70 to 80% of the annual rain falling in July and August. Mean temperature in Addi Werho is 18.8 °C, oscillating between average daily minimum of 10.5 °C and maximum of 26.7 °C. The contrasts between day and night air temperatures are much larger than seasonal contrasts.[4]

Rivers

The Tsaliet River (a tributary to Weri’i River) is the most important rivers in the surroundings of the tabia. They flow towards Tekezze River and further on to the Nile. These rivers have incised deep gorges which characterise the landscape.[5] The drainage network of the tabia is organised as follows:[6]

Whereas they are (nearly) dry during most of the year, during the main rainy season, these rivers carry high runoff discharges, sometimes in the form of flash floods. Especially at the begin of the rainy season they are brown-coloured, evidencing high soil erosion rates.

Springs

May Gudgwad spring in Khunale

As there are no permanent rivers, the presence of springs is of utmost importance for the local people. The main springs in the tabia are:[7]

  • May Gudgwad in Khunale
  • May Miheno in Miheno

Water harvesting

In this area with rains that last only for a couple of months per year, reservoirs of different sizes allow harvesting runoff from the rainy season for further use in the dry season. Overall they suffer from siltation.[8] Yet, they strongly contribute to greening the landscape, either through irrigation or seepage water. Main reservoirs are:

  • Traditional surface water harvesting ponds, particularly in places without permanent springs, called rahaya
  • Horoyo, household ponds, recently constructed through campaigns[9]

Settlements

The tabia centre Addi Worho holds a few administrative offices, a health post, a primary school, and some small shops.[7] There are a few more primary schools across the tabia. The main other populated places are:[6]

Crop harvesting in Khunale

Vegetation and exclosures

The tabia holds several

water infiltration, protection from flooding, sediment deposition,[14] carbon sequestration,[15] people commonly have economic benefits from these exclosures through grass harvesting, beekeeping and other non-timber forest products.[16] The local inhabitants also consider it as “land set aside for future generations”.[17]

Agriculture and livelihood

Agriculture

The population lives essentially from crop farming, supplemented with off-season work in nearby towns. The land is dominated by

agricultural system is a permanent upland farming system.[18] The farmers have adapted their cropping systems to the spatio-temporal variability in rainfall.[19]

Schools

Almost all children of the tabia are schooled,[20] though in some schools there is lack of classrooms, directly related to the large intake in primary schools over the last decades.[21] Schools in the tabia include Khunale school.

History and culture

History

The history of the tabia is strongly confounded with the

history of Tembien
.

Phonolite is used as dimension stone for church building in Khunale

Religion and churches

Most inhabitants are Orthodox Christians. The following churches are located in the tabia:

  • Arba’ite Insesa
  • Abune Kiros
  • Kidane Mihret, at the foot of, and partly under Tinsehe's waterfall, in a forested cove[22]

Inda Siwa, the local beer houses

In the main villages, there are traditional beer houses (Inda Siwa), often in unique settings, where people socialise. Well known in the tabia are[7]

  • Kindhafti Abadi at Tinsehe
  • Genet Gebrehiwet at Tinsehe

Roads and communication

The main road Mekelle – Hagere Selam – Abiy Addi runs at the southern edge of the tabia. There are regular bus services to these towns. Further, a rural access road links Tinsehe and Addi Werho to the main asphalt road.

Limestone escarpment in Miheno

Tourism

Its mountainous nature and proximity to Mekelle make the tabia fit for tourism.[23] As compared to many other mountain areas in Ethiopia the villages are quite accessible, and during walks visitors may be invited for coffee, lunch or even for an overnight stay in a rural homestead.[24]

Touristic attractions

  • Tinsehe waterfall

Geotouristic sites

The high variability of geological formations and the rugged topography invite for geological and geographic tourism or "geotourism".[25] Geosites in the tabia include:

Birdwatching

Dogu'a Tembien page) can be done particularly in the tropical forest at the foot of the Tinsehe waterfall.[26][6]

Trekking routes

Maintenance of trekking route 2 in Khunale

Trekking routes have been established in this tabia.[27] The tracks are not marked on the ground but can be followed using downloaded .GPX files.[28]

  • Trek 2, crosses the tabia from north (Khunale) to South (Tinsehe Waterfall)
  • Trek 14, from west to east along the upper ridge at the southern side of the tabia
  • Trek 23, from the main road in Miheno, downslope to
    Addi Idaga

See also

  • Dogu'a Tembien
    district.

References

  1. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  2. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2005.07.013
    .
  3. PMID 31639144
    .
  4. S2CID 199105560
    .
  5. S2CID 199099067
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  7. ^ a b c What do we hear from the farmers in Dogu'a Tembien? [in Tigrinya]. Hagere Selam, Ethiopia. 2016. p. 100.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  8. S2CID 129834993
    .
  9. ^ Developers and farmers intertwining interventions: the case of rainwater harvesting and food-for-work in Degua Temben, Tigray, Ethiopia
  10. doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.01.006
    .
  11. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  12. ^ Mastewal Yami, and colleagues (2007). "Impact of Area Enclosures on Density and Diversity of Large Wild Mammals: The Case of May Ba'ati, Douga Tembien Woreda, Central Tigray, Ethiopia". East African Journal of Sciences. 1: 1–14.
  13. S2CID 37489450
    .
  14. doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2005.04.027
    .
  15. doi:10.2136/sssaj2010.0176
    .
  16. ^ Bedru Babulo, and colleagues (2006). "Economic valuation methods of forest rehabilitation in exclosures". Journal of the Drylands. 1: 165–170.
  17. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  18. S2CID 128492271
    .
  19. S2CID 95207289
    .
  20. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  21. ISBN 978-1-4614-2179-5
    , retrieved 2023-10-13
  22. ^ Klyuev S. A., Semenova V. N. The Role of Landscape in Semi-rock-hewn and Cave Churches of Tämben and ᵓƎndärta (Tәgray region, Ethiopia). Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Asian and African Studies, 2020, vol. 12, issue 2, pp. 208–229. https://doi.org/10.21638/spbu13.2020.204 (In Russian)
  23. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  24. S2CID 199198251
    .
  25. S2CID 199095921
    .
  26. ISBN 978-3-030-04954-6
    .
  27. S2CID 199271514
    .
  28. ^ "Public GPS traces tagged with nyssen-jacob-frankl". OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 2019-10-11.
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