Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect

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The Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect within Bulgaria, in the Rup subgroup of the Eastern dialects

The Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect is a dialect currently treated both in the contexts of the southeastern group of

dialects of the Macedonian
. Prior to the codification of standard Macedonian in 1945, the dialects of Macedonia were classified as Bulgarian.[2][3][4] The dialect is dynamic and is well known for the shortening of the words,
Proto-Slavic yat even in cases where standard Bulgarian has /ɛ/, a feature which is typical for a number of dialects spoken in southern and southwestern Bulgaria (e.g. the Thracian dialect).[6]
 The Ser-Drama-Lagadin-Nevrokop dialect is closely related to the neighbouring dialects. It is closer to all Eastern Bulgarian dialects than to all Western.
first person singular is as in Bulgarian, ending with "a" or "am" as opposed to the constant "am" in Macedonian and the Bulgarian Smolyan dialect. The words for man -"m'zh" and for a dream "s'n" are as in Bulgarian, unlike the Macedonian "mazh" and "son". The words for night and tear—"nosht" and "s'lza" are as the Bulgarian, unlike the Macedonian "nok" and "solza".[7]

Yat border

The Serres-Nevrokop dialect is treated both in the contexts of Bulgarian and Macedonian dialectology.[10][11][12][13] As described in the section about its range, the vast majority of its speakers identify as Bulgarians. In the context of Bulgarian dialectology, the dialect is situated East of the Yat boundary and thus is considered to belong to the Eastern Bulgarian dialects, more exactly to the Rup subgroup[14][15]

The previous range of the dialect included vast areas of northeastern

Gotse Delchev
and the surrounding municipalities.

Relationship to standard Bulgarian and standard Macedonian

The Serres-Nevrokop dialect possesses features (cf. table) which are typical for the Eastern

Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ,[20] ъ (ə) reflex of Old Church Slavonic ѫ (yus) and ъ,[20][21] ръ (rə)/лъ (lə) reflexes of Old Church Slavonic ръ/рь and лъ/ль,[20][21] retention of h in the stem,[8][9][21] strong vowel reduction, etc. and none of those typical for Macedonian. The following is a table of the main phonological and grammatical features which differentiate standard Bulgarian and standard Macedonian
, compared with the corresponding features of the Serres-Nevrokop dialect, as well as two Western Bulgarian dialects.

Comparison of the Serres-Nevrokop dialect with Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian
Parameter Serres-Nevrokop dialect Standard Bulgarian (based on Eastern Bulgarian) Standard Macedonian Dupnitsa dialect Samokov dialect English
Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ—Old Church Slavonic щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd)—леща/между щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd)—леща/между ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ)—леќа/меѓу щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd)—леща/между щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd)—леща/между lentils/between
Proto-Slavic *ɡt/kt—Old Church Slavonic щ (ʃt) щ (ʃt)—нощ щ (ʃt)—нощ ќ (c)—ноќ щ (ʃt)—нощ щ (ʃt)—нощ night
Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) я/е (ʲa/ɛ)—бял/бели, sometimes even я/я (ʲa/ʲa)—бял/бяли (Drama)[22] я/е (ʲa/ɛ)—бял/бели е (ɛ)—бел/бели е (ɛ)—бел/бели е (ɛ)—бел/бели white
Old Church Slavonic ѫ (yus), approx. ɔ̃ ъ (ə)—мъж ъ (ə)—мъж а (a)—маж а (a)—маж а (a)—маж man
Old Church Slavonic ъ (ə) ъ (ə)—сън ъ (ə)—сън о (ɔ)—сон о (ɔ)—сон а (a)—сан dream
Old Church Slavonic ръ/рь ръ/ър (rə/ər)—връх, кръф ръ/ър (rə/ər)—връх, кръв vocalic r—врв, крв vocalic r—врх, крф vocalic r—врх, крф summit, blood
Old Church Slavonic лъ/ль ъл (əl)—сълза лъ/ъл (lə/əl)—сълза oл (ɔl)—солза vocalic l/ъ (ə)—слза/съза depending on region у (u)—суза tear
Old Church Slavonic x /x/ Preserved—бях, хубаво Preserved—бях, хубаво Lost or replaced by ф/в (f/v)—бев, убаво Preserved—бех, убаво Preserved—бех, убаво was, nice
Vowel reduction Yes Yes No No No
Definite article Single definite article—момчето Single definite article—момчето Triple definite article—момчето, момчево, момчено Single definite article—момчето Single definite article—момчето the boy
Ending of verbs in 1st person sing. present time а (я)—1st and 2nd conjugation, ам (ям)—3rd—чета, пиша а (я)—1st and 2nd conjugation, ам (ям)—3rd—чета, пиша only ам—читам, пишувам а—1st and 2nd conjugation, ам—3rd—четем, пишем only (и/е)м—четем, пишем (I) read, (I) write
Formation of past perfect tense бях + past participle—бях писал, бях молил бях + past participle—бях писал, бях молил имам + past passive aorist participle—имам пишано, имам молено бeх + past participle—бех писал, бех молил бех + past participle—бех писал, бeх молил (I) had read, (I) had written
Word stress Dynamic—доби́тък, пера́ Dynamic—доби́тък, пера́ Fixed antepenultimate—до́биток, пе́рам Dynamic—доби́ток, пере́м Dynamic—доби́ток, пере́м cattle, (I) wash

Past and present range, emigration and expulsion to Bulgaria

Before the

Muslim Bulgarians or Pomaks) and 25,000 speakers on the territory of modern Bulgaria (10,000 Christians and 15,000 Muslims).[24] However, Kanchov indicates that at least some of these were bilingual and subject to strong Hellenization, including the Slavic population of the towns of Drama, Serres, Lagkadas, as well as of several villages around Lagadina.[25] There was substantial emigration towards Bulgaria even before the Balkan wars, approx. 50,000[26] Bulgarians
from Macedonia lived in Bulgaria in 1900; however, there is no data as to how many of these came from the regions identified above.

The region suffered heavy devastation during the

Greek Macedonia (out of 90,000 to 120,000 people, 32,000 of which were from Western Thrace) emigrated to Bulgaria at the beginning of the 1920s according to the Mollov-Kafandaris Agreement.[29]

Thus, refugees from Greek Macedonia comprised at least 110,000 to 140,000 of the 250,000

Eastern Thrace and Western Thrace was approx. 50,000[32] and slightly more than 30,000, respectively, and that there were no mass expulsions from Serbian Macedonia and Southern Dobruja
, the number of refugees from Greek Macedonia was probably higher. Furthermore, the data from the Bulgarian refugee agency includes only officially registered refugees and omits people who did not register as such.

According to Hugh Poulton, the patterns of migration to Bulgaria differed across the different parts of Greek Macedonia. The majority of the Slavs roughly East of the

Bulgarian occupation of northeastern Greece during World War II
.

The Bulgarian authorities counted only 37,000 Bulgarians

Greek Macedonia, which is equal to between half and two-thirds of the Slavic population of Greek Macedonia before the Balkan Wars. As evidenced above, the vast majority of the refugees and migrants came from the eastern part of Greek Macedonia.[citation needed
]

Considering the above, as well as the strong Greek assimilation pressure, evident also before the Balkan Wars, it is generally unlikely for the Serres-Nevrokop dialect to be preserved in any significant numbers in its former territory in Greece.[

ethnic Macedonians
.

References

  1. ISBN 0-521-22315-6
    .
  2. ^ Mazon, Andre. Contes Slaves de la Macédoine Sud-Occidentale: Etude linguistique; textes et traduction; Notes de Folklore, Paris 1923, p. 4.
  3. ^ Селищев, Афанасий. Избранные труды, Москва 1968.
  4. ^ K. Sandfeld, Balkanfilologien (Copenhagen, 1926, MCMXXVI).
  5. ^ Белешки за говорот на селото Балевец (Лагадинско). Зборник на трудови посветени на академик Блаже Конески. Скопје: МАНУ, 1995, стр. 9–27.
  6. ^ Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  7. ^ a b Стойков, Стойко. Българска диалектология, София 2002, с. 170–186
  8. ^ a b str. 249- 252 Makedonski jazik za srednoto obrazovanie- S. Bojkovska, D. Pandev, L. Minova-Ǵurkova, Ž. Cvetkovski- Prosvetno delo AD- Skopje 2001
  9. ^ a b The Sociolinguistics of Literary Macedonian, Victor A. Friedman, The University of Chicago
  10. ISBN 0-415-04755-2 and [1]
  11. ^ Trudgill P., 2000, "Greece and European Turkey: From Religious to Linguistic Identity". In: Stephen Barbour and Cathie Carmichael (eds.), Language and Nationalism in Europe, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.259.
  12. ^ Schmieger, R. 1998. "The situation of the Macedonian language in Greece: sociolinguistic analysis", International Journal of the Sociology of Language 131, 125–55.
  13. ^ Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  14. ^ Mladenov, St. Geschichte der bulgarischen Sprache. Berlin and Leipzig, 1929, 13, 92–96, 317–318;
  15. ^ a b VanWijk, N. Zur Grenze zwischen dem Ost- und Westbulgarischen. — Archiv für slav. philologie, 39, 1925, 3–4, 212–216;
  16. ^ Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  17. ^ Božidar Vidoeski, Фонолошки опис на говорог на селошо Плевна (Серско). ГЗбФ-лФ, 1978, 4, стр. 37–46.
  18. ^ Божидар Видоески, Секавец (ОЛА 113). Fonološki opisi, 1981, стр. 811–816.
  19. ^ Говорот на селото Секавец (диј. С'áкавиц), Серско. ПрилОЛЛН, МАНУ, 1990, XV, 1, стр. 41–82.
  20. ^ a b c d Стойков, Стойко (2006). Българска диалектология. Акад. изд. "Проф. Марин Дринов".
  21. ^
    ISBN 0-415-04755-2
  22. ^ The use of ʲa is more wide-spread than in Standard Bulgarian, e.g. ряка /rʲaka/, чувяк /t͡ʃuvʲak/ [river, human] where Standard Bulgarian has ɛ): река /rɛka/, човек /t͡ʃuvɛk/
  23. ^ Kanchov, V. Makedonia. Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia, 1900, p. 37
  24. ^ Kanchov, V. Makedonia. Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia, 1900, p. 282
  25. ^ Kanchov, V. Makedonia. Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia, 1900, p. 75
  26. ^ Kanchov, V. Makedonia. Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia, 1900, p. 24
  27. ^ Carnegie Endowment for International peace (1914). Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes And Conduct of the Balkan Wars. Carnegie Endowment for International peace.
  28. ^ Carnegie Endowment for International peace (1914). Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars. Carnegie Endowment for International peace.
  29. ^ a b Poulton, Hugh (2000). Who are the Macedonians? C. Hurst and co. Publishers
  30. ^ a b Mintchev, Vesselin (October 1999). "External Migration... in Bulgaria". South-East Europe Review (3/99): 124. Retrieved 18 February 2007.
  31. ^ Kanchov, V. Makedonia. Ethnography and Statistics. Sofia, 1900, p. 281-283
  32. ^ Özgür-Baklacioglu, Nurcan. "Dual Citizenship, Extraterritorial Elections and National Policies: Turkish Dual Citizens in the Bulgarian-Turkish Political Sphere" (PDF). p. 338. Retrieved 15 July 2008.
  33. ^ Yonchev, Dimitar. "Bulgaria and the Aegean Coast". Retrieved 15 July 2008.[dead link]
  34. ^ Д. Дончев, Хр. Каракашев (2007).Теми по физическа и социално-икономическа география на България. Сборник материали за средношколци и кандидатстуденти 2007/2008 г. Сиела, С., 2007.
  35. ^ "Population as of 1 March 2001 Divided by Provinces and Ethnic Group" (in Bulgarian). National Statistical Institute. 2001. Retrieved 10 July 2006.
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