Solun-Voden dialect

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Republic of North Macedonia
Yat border in the Bulgarian language, splitting the Solun-Voden dialect in two

The Solun-Voden dialect,

Republic of North Macedonia. It has been treated as part of both Macedonian[4] and Bulgarian[3]
dialectology.

Dialect area

The dialect is named after

Republic of North Macedonia.[5]

In terms of Bulgarian dialectology,

Kukush as well as in the region of the Lower Vardar to the west of Thessaloniki is characterized as Western Bulgarian Kukush-Voden dialect,[3] which shows some connections with Eastern Bulgarian dialects like the reduction and absorption of unstressed vowels and retention of the sound x /x/.[7]

Suho-Visoka sub-dialect

The Suho-Visoka sub-dialect is spoken in and around the city of

Nikopoli (Зарово, Zarovo), Xylopoli (Негован, Negovan), Levchohori (Клепе, Klepe), Klisali (Клисали, Klisali) and Assiros (Гвоздово, Gvozdovo). The subdialect has been referred to as Bogdanski Govor (Macedonian
: Богдански говор), in reference to its position on the "Bogdan" mountain.

One of the first researchers of the

Slovenian linguist Vatroslav Oblak described the historical development of the Bulgarian phonology and morphology, based mainly on the dialect of Suho and the adjoining area. He noted that the villages Suho, Zarovo and Visoka formed a center of nasalization.[8]

Phonological characteristics

Civil War experiences
Man from Cakoni,
Voden region (today Chrysa, Almopia
) speaking in the Solun-Voden dialect
Problems playing this file? See media help.

Morphological characteristics

  • Definite article -ut, -u for masculine gender: vratut, dɛput, zɛtut, sɔnut, sinut, krumidut, nərodut, ubrazut; ɔginu, guʃtəru, vɛtɛru.
  • Definite article -to for plural: bugərɛto, kamənɛto, tsigajnɛto, vulɔvɛto, kojnɛto.
  • A single common suffix -um for all three verb present tense conjugations: ɔrum, tsɛpum, pasum, vikum, glɛdum, brɔjum.
  • Suffix -m for 1st person singular present tense: pijum, stojum, jadum, ɔdum.

Other specific characteristics

  • Enclitic at the beginning of the sentence: Mu gɔ klava petʃatut. Si ja goreʃe furnata.
  • Single short form mu for masculine, neutral, feminine, and plural pronouns: Na baba ce mu nɔsum da jədɛ (I'll take something for my grandma to eat). Na starite mu ɛ mɤtʃnɔ (It is hard for old people). Na nih mu davum jadɛjne (I give it/him/them a meal).
  • Use of the preposition u instead of the preposition vo :vo selo → u selo (in village)
  • Use of the preposition ut instead of ot : ut Solun → od Solun (from/of Solun). This is because ɔ in ɔt when combined with the next word becomes a wide (unstressed) vowel which undergoes reduction (see Phonological characteristics).
Comparison of the Solun-Voden dialect with Standard Bulgarian and Standard Macedonian
Parameter Solun-Voden dialect Standard Bulgarian (based on Eastern Bulgarian) Standard Macedonian Dupnitsa dialect Samokov dialect English
Proto-Slavic *tʲ/*dʲ – Old Church Slavonic щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) mixed, predominantly ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ), but also щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/меѓу щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между ќ/ѓ (c/ɟ) – леќа/меѓу щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между щ/жд (ʃt/ʒd) – леща/между lentils/between
Proto-Slavic *ɡt/kt – Old Church Slavonic щ (ʃt) ќ (c) – ноќ щ (ʃt) – нощ ќ (c) – ноќ щ (ʃt) – нощ щ (ʃt) – нощ night
Old Church Slavonic ѣ (yat) mixed, я/е (ʲa/ɛ) – бял/бели in the east, е (ɛ) – бел/бели in the west я/е (ʲa/ɛ) – бял/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели е (ɛ) – бел/бели white
Old Church Slavonic ѫ (yus), approx. ɔ̃ ъ (ə) – мъж, rarely у (u) - пупка ъ (ə) – мъж а (a) – маж а (a) – маж а (a) – маж man
Old Church Slavonic ъ (ə) о (ɔ) – сон ъ (ə) – сън о (ɔ) – сон о (ɔ) – сон а (a) – сан dream
Old Church Slavonic лъ/ль ъл (əl) – сълза лъ/ъл (lə/əl) – сълза oл (ɔl) – солза vocalic l/ъ (ə) – слза/съза depending on region у (u) – суза tear
Old Church Slavonic x /x/ Preserved – бях, but often omitted in the beginning of words - убаво Preserved – бях, хубаво Lost or replaced by ф/в (f/v) – бев, убаво Preserved – бех, хубаво Preserved – бех, хубаво was, nice
Vowel reduction Yes Yes No No No
Definite article Single definite article – момчето Single definite article – момчето Triple definite article – момчето, момчево, момчено Single definite article – момчето Single definite article – момчето the boy
Ending of verbs in 1st person sing. present time only ам – читам, пишувам а (я) – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам (ям) – 3rd – чета, пиша only ам – читам, пишувам а – 1st and 2nd conjugation, ам – 3rd – чета, пиша only (и/е)м – четем, пишем (I) read, (I) write
Formation of past perfect tense бех/бях + past participle – бех писал, бях молил бях + past participle – бях писал, бях молил имам + past passive aorist participle – имам пишано, имам молено бeх + past participle – бех писал, бех молил бех + past participle – бех писал, бeх молил (I) had read, (I) had written
Word stress Dynamic - доби́ток, пера́м Dynamic - доби́тък, пера́ Fixed antepenultimate - до́биток, пе́рам Dynamic – доби́ток, пера́ Dynamic – доби́ток, пере́м cattle, (I) wash

Typical Words

  • ʒarba (bg,mk:ʒaba) - frog
  • ʃarino (bg,mk:ʃareno) - coloured
  • kutʃja (bg,mk:kutʃɛ) - dog
  • kɤʃta (bg:kɤʃta, mk:kuќa) - house
  • druguʃ (bg:drug pɤt, mk:drug pat) - another time
  • vɔpka

References

  1. ^ [author missing] Фонолошкиот и прозодискиот систем на говорот на селото Негован (Солунско). ПрилОЛЛН, МАНУ, 1991, XVI, 2, стр. 15-32.
  2. ^ Romanski, St. Долновардарският говор. — Мак. преглед, 1932, № 1, 99—140
  3. ^
    OCLC 53429452
    .
  4. ^ Božidar Vidoeski, Фонолошкиот систем на говорот на селото Чеган (Воденско): инвентар на фонолошките единици. МЈ, 1978, XXIX, стр. 61-73.
  5. ^
    OCLC 888018507
    .
  6. ^ [author missing]. Акцентските системи во македонските дијалекти во Грција (Еѓејска Македонија) и Јужна Албанија. МЈ, 1985-1986, XXXVI-XXXVII, стр. 19-45.
  7. ^ Mladenov, Stefan. Geschichte der bulgarischen Sprache, Berlin-Leipzig, 1929, § 209.
  8. ^ Облакъ, Ватрославъ (1894). "Приносъ къмъ българската граматика" (PDF). Сборникъ за народни умотворения, наука и книжнина. XI: 517–519. Retrieved 2016-08-05.
  9. ISBN 0-521-63751-1
    . Retrieved 2008-10-24.
  10. ^ Шклифов, Благой и Екатерина Шклифова, Български диалектни текстове от Егейска Македония, София 2003, с. 18 (Shklifov, Blagoy and Ekaterina Shklifova. Bulgarian dialect texts from Aegean Macedonia Sofia 2003, p. 18)
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