Shoeburyness
Shoeburyness | |
---|---|
Southend-on-Sea | |
Ceremonial county | |
Region | |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | SOUTHEND-ON-SEA |
Postcode district | SS3 |
Dialling code | 01702 |
Police | Essex |
Fire | Essex |
Ambulance | East of England |
UK Parliament | |
Shoeburyness (/ˌʃuːbriˈnɛs/ SHOO-bree-NESS), or simply Shoebury, is a coastal town in the City of Southend-on-Sea, in the ceremonial county of Essex, England; it lies 3 miles (5 km) east of the city centre. It was formerly a separate town until it was absorbed into Southend in 1933.
In Saxon times, the area was called Shoebury. Sometime between 1086 and the thirteenth century, it was divided into two parishes called
The parish of South Shoebury was made an urban district in 1894, which was renamed Shoeburyness in 1895. The urban district of Shoeburyness and parish of North Shoebury were both abolished in 1933, being absorbed into the county borough of Southend-on-Sea. Development during the twentieth century saw the formerly separate settlements of Shoeburyness and North Shoebury absorbed into the built-up area of Southend.
History
The first record of occupation in Shoebury has been found from the
The Saxons re-established a settlement in the 6th century, which at this point that the name Shoebury, or in Anglo-Saxon Scobrih, or in Danish, Scabivig was first documented.[4] A Camp was built by the Dane Hastein in circa 894, but little remains as the Artillery Barracks were built over part of the site.[3] Shoebury (North and South were recorded as one) was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, having a population of 33 and sitting within the control of the Rochford Hundred. The land was owned by three different people, Walter; Bishop Odo of Bayeux and the Swein of Essex, son of Robert FitzWimarc.[5][6]
The parish church of South Shoebury, St. Andrew was originally constructed in the 12th century under the control of Prittlewell Priory, with the West Tower being added in the 15th century and the South porch in the 16th century. The church was restored during the 19th century by renown architect Sir Charles Nicholson.[3][7] The manor house, known as South Shoebury Hall, is a medieval timber-framed house with an 18th-century brick frontage and other alterations.[2] Other historical properties include Suttons, a Grade II listed manor house that was built in 1681, which is now on the most endangered list of Historic England.[3][8] South Shoebury has also been called under is parish name of Shoebury Magna (in Latin Magna Shoberi)[9] or Greater Shoebury.[10]
South Shoebury was prone to flooding and Marsh fever, and in 1530 the parish had to sell St Andrew's bells to pay for repairs to the sea defences.[11] Shoebury Common first appeared as The Great Marsh on a map in 1687,[12] and in 1899 the land owner, Colonel Burges handed the Common to the Shoeburyness Urban District Council for the recreation and benefit of the inhabitants of South Shoebury and others.[13]
By 1851, the population of South Shoebury stood at 151, but just ten years later the census had shown the population had grown to 1,502. The growth in population was caused by the opening of nearby
a dreary place... the broadest and most sterile foreshore perhaps in England
It was home to the last recorded case of indigenous malaria in the British Isles during the 1930s.[11]
The brickfields use to run two narrow railways, that crossed the High Street without a level crossing, to transfer their goods to Thames Barges at East Beach, which took the bricks to London, which up to World War II brought refuse back that was used to power the brick kilns, pumping out nasty fumes.[17][11] In 1866, the Gas Light & Coke Company built a gas works to supply the Garrison, which a private company was then formed to manage the supply to Shoeburyness, which subsequently was taken over by Shoeburyness Urban District Council.[19] The council was created in 1894, separating the civil and ecclesiastical side of the parish, until it was absorbed into Southend Borough in 1933 which also absorbed the former North Shoebury parish.[20]
In between the two World Wars, Shoeburyness became a popular holiday resort, with a blacksmiths sitting next to the beach until the 1930s being a regular source of entertainment.[17] In 1928, the Southend Recorder reported that tents stretched from the Common to Thorpe Hall Avenue, while in the same year local landmark Uncle Toms Cabin was built on the Common.[12]
At the beginning of the
After the war, artillery and other regiments continued to be garrisoned at Shoebury until 1976 when the garrison headquarters closed.[2]
Up and to the early 1980s, the Shoebury's were still two distinctive villages, separated by farm land.[24] During the 1970s, a study by Southend Borough Council identified a lack of retail availability in the east of the borough. North Shoebury was identified as the site, with a supermarket of 50,000 square feet planned at its centre.[25] Before any development took place, Essex County Council Archaeology Section of the Planning Department and Southend Museum started the North Shoebury Project in 1980 under the guidance of John Wymer, whose digs
established that the area had continuous human habitation from the Mesolithic period.
Description
Shoeburyness sits on the Thames Estuary and is at the far east of the district of Southend-on-Sea, bordered to the west by Thorpe Bay at Maplin Way and to the North by Great Wakering which is part of Rochford District.[1]
The
Shoeburyness has two beaches: East Beach and Shoebury Common Beach, both Blue Flag beaches.[32]
East Beach is a sandy/pebbly beach around a quarter of a mile long and is sandwiched between the Pig's Bay MoD site and the former Shoeburyness Artillery barracks. Access to the large gravel/grass pay-and-display car park is via Rampart Terrace. The beach is closed when there is live fire at the MOD site.[33]
Shoebury Common Beach is bounded to the east by the land formerly occupied by the Shoeburyness Artillery barracks and by Thorpe Bay to the west. Shoebury Common Beach is the site of many
Shoeburyness does not have an actual town centre. There are parades of shops in West Road,[37] Ness Road and[38] The Renown.[39] The town is served by two supermarkets, Asda[40] and Lidl.[41]
Shoeburyness has several industrial estates, with Towerfield Road, Vanguard Way and Campfield Road serving the area.[42]
The town is served by five doctors surgeries and three dentists,[1] with its nearest hospital located at Southend University Hospital.
Governance
There is only one tier of local government covering Shoeburyness, being the unitary authority of Southend-on-Sea City Council. Shoeburyness is split into West Shoebury and Shoeburyness wards, which are both represented by three councillors.[43]
Shoebury was listed in the Domesday Book of 1086, having a population of 33 and lying in the Rochford Hundred.[6] Some time after 1086, the separate parishes of North Shoebury and South Shoebury were created. In Wakering Road, north of Constable Way stands a marker where the historical boundary between the two civil parishes existed.[44] When parish and district councils were established in December 1894, the parish of North Shoebury was included within the Rochford Rural District whilst the parish of South Shoebury was made an urban district.[45] One of the first actions of the new urban district council was to request a change in the council's name from South Shoebury to Shoeburyness. The change of name took effect in January 1895.[46] The name of the civil parish containing the urban district continued to be called "South Shoebury".[47] In 1931 the parish had a population of 6720.[48] In 1933 both Shoeburyness Urban District Council (which managed the South Shoebury civil parish) and North Shoebury civil parishes were abolished and absorbed into the County Borough of Southend on Sea, except for a more rural eastern part of the old North Shoebury parish which was transferred to the parish of Great Wakering.[49][50][11][51]
Shoeburyness is part of the Rochford and Southend East Parliamentary constituency, and the current serving Member of Parliament is James Duddridge.
Climate
Climate data for Shoeburyness, Essex 1991-2020 | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
8.3 (46.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.3 (72.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
15.3 (59.5) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.4 (47.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.7 (36.9) |
2.4 (36.3) |
3.7 (38.7) |
5.4 (41.7) |
8.3 (46.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
8.9 (48.0) |
5.5 (41.9) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.5 (45.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 43.0 (1.69) |
36.1 (1.42) |
32.7 (1.29) |
36.1 (1.42) |
41.6 (1.64) |
44.1 (1.74) |
41.1 (1.62) |
48.6 (1.91) |
43.0 (1.69) |
57.8 (2.28) |
54.0 (2.13) |
48.8 (1.92) |
526.9 (20.75) |
Average rainy days | 9.5 | 8.3 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 10.2 | 10.6 | 10.7 | 101.8 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 70.5 | 88.9 | 136.8 | 200.4 | 241.2 | 243.3 | 257.0 | 212.2 | 162.4 | 130.0 | 84.7 | 56.9 | 1,884.3 |
Source: Met Office[52] |
Transport
The eastern terminus of the
Education
Shoeburyness High School is the only secondary school within the town and incorporates a sixth form, while primary education is delivered by St George's Catholic Primary School, Friars Primary School, Hinguar Community Primary School, Richmond Avenue Primary and Nursery School and Thorpedene Primary School & Nursery.[53]
Leisure
Shoeburyness Leisure Centre in Delaware Road provides a swimming pool, gym and indoor courts.[54] Shoeburyness formerly had an operating cinema, The Palace in Ness Road which opened in 1913 and closed in 1955.[55]
Gunners Park and Shoebury Ranges is a 25-hectare nature reserve managed by the Essex Wildlife Trust (EWT).[56] Other parks include Shoeburyness Park, Friars Park, Bishopsteignton Park, Shoebury Common and St. Mary's Nature Reserve. A skate park is located in Anson Chase.
Conservation
Shoebury Garrison is one of Southend's 14 listed conservation areas, being first designated in 1981 before a further extension in 2004.[57][58] Historic England have listed a total of 44 properties between Grade II and Grade II*, with both parish churches amongst this list. The majority of the listings are on the former garrison site, including the Cart and Wagon Shed heritage and community centre.[59]
Pig's Bay
Pig's Bay is a coastal area in the east of Shoeburyness.
The bay is the site of
One of the other uses of the site is the storage and scrapping of old railway vehicles.
The front locomotive of the passenger train involved in the 1997 Southall rail crash – when an InterCity 125 train collided with a freight train, killing seven people – was scrapped here, being cut up by Serco three years after the incident once the inquiry had been completed.[65]
In popular culture
The English painter J. M. W. Turner depicted the fishermen of Shoeburyness in his oil painting Shoeburyness Fishermen Hailing a Whitstable Hoy. The painting was exhibited in 1809, and was part of a series Turner made of the Thames estuary between 1808 and 1810. The painting has been in the collection of the National Gallery of Canada since 1939.[66][67]
In the fifth
Shoeburyness is home to "the commuter", protagonist in the eponymous song and music video by Ceephax Acid Crew.[69]
Shoeburyness is mentioned in the Porridge episode "The Harder They Fall" (S2 E6), at approximately 6 min 10 seconds.[70]
Shoeburyness is one of the better-known entrants in
Shoeburyness is referenced in the Billy Bragg song "A13 Trunk Road to the Sea"[71] and in the Ian Dury song "Billericay Dickie".[72]
Shoeburyness was featured in the Viral Marketing[73] for the Universal Pictures 2022 American science fiction action film sequel Jurassic World Dominion,[74] with a number of the featured videos on the DinoTracker website filmed in the area[75] doubling for locations around the world.
Notable people
- Tony Holland (1940–2007), BBC screenwriter, was born in Shoeburyness[76]
- Godfrey Rampling (1909–2009), English athlete, resident[2]
References
- ^ a b c Troy Planning & Design (November 2020). "AREA PROFILE: SHOEBURYNESS" (PDF). SETTLEMENT ROLE AND HIERARCHY STUDY.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Southend Borough Council (5 March 2022). "Southend-on-Sea: Shoebury Garrison Conservation Area Appraisal" (PDF). p. 29.
- ^ a b c d An Inventory of the Historical Monuments in Essex, Volume 4, South east. His Majesty's Stationery Office. 1923. pp. 143–145.
- ^ White's Directory of Essex. 1848.
- ^ "History - Domesday Days". Rochford Town History. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ a b "Shoebury". Open Domesday. Retrieved 31 March 2023.
- ^ "CHURCH OF ST ANDREW". Historic England. 23 November 1951.
- ^ "Shoebury Manor dating back to 1600s 'at risk'". Evening Echo. 30 December 2021.
- ^ Archbishop of Canterbury (1956). Registrum Roberti Winchelsey Cantuariensis Archiepiscopi A. D. 1294-1313 Volume 52. p. 1147.
- ISBN 978-0-9516587-1-0.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-86077-435-5.
- ^ a b "Is the Peace, Tranquillity and Beauty of Shoebury Common under Threat from the Council's Proposals?". Daphne Johnson.
- ^ Ruth Stockley (2013). In the Matter of an Application to Register Land Known as Shoebury Common Road, Shoebury, Southend-On-Sea, Essex as a Town or Village Green (PDF) (Report). p. 24. Application Number: VG 01/2013.
- ^ "The almost forgotten Manor – Suttons". For the Love of History. 19 April 2021.
- ^ "GB Historical GIS / University of Portsmouth, History of South Shoebury, in Southend on Sea and Essex. Map and description". A Vision of Britain through Time.
- ^ "North Shoebury". The Comprehensive Gazetteer of England & Wales. 1894–1895.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-85306-013-7.
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- ISBN 978-0-333-46819-7.
- ^ "Shoeburyness Urban District Council". The National Archives. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, vol. 1, The Gathering Storm (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1948), p. 505.
- ^ Simpson, James (23 November 2014). "How Britain Beat Germany's Magnetic Sea Mines". War Is Boring. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ISBN 978-0-7509-5545-4.
- ^ a b "Archaeological Digs in Essex". Essex Journal. 16–19. 1982.
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- ISBN 978-1-85281-130-3.
- ^ "Parsons Barn". Wetherspoons. Retrieved 9 April 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-4456-5189-7.
- ^ "MOD Shoeburyness". Qinetiq. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "After 35 years heritage centre finally set to open in Shoebury Garrison". Yellow Advertiser. 5 August 2022.
- ^ a b "MOD Shoeburyness". Qinetiq. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ "Blue flags awarded to a dozen sunny Anglia beaches". ITV News. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ "Shoebury East Beach". The Beach Guide. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Shoebury Common Beach". Visit Southend. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "HM Coastguard Southend respond to Shoebury submerged car". Evening Echo. 30 December 2022.
- ^ "WHERE TO RIDE IN SOUTHEND". Love to Ride Essex. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Shoeburyness: West Road Christmas lights switch on". Evening Echo. 10 November 2021.
- ^ "Commercial Opportunity - Ness Road, Shoeburyness". Rightmove. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "THE RENOWN, SHOEBURYNESS". Hair & Son. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Asda Shoeburyness". Asda. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ "Lidl reveals opening date for new store on Campfield Road, Shoebury". Evening Echo. 4 February 2021.
- ^ "Southend Local Plan. 3.8 Shoeburyness". Southend City Council. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ^ "Ward Maps". Southend City Council. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ISBN 978-1-3981-1155-4.
- ^ Annual Report of the Local Government Board. London. 1895. p. 249. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ "Shoeburyness Urban District Council: Change of name". Essex County Chronicle. Chelmsford. 18 January 1895. p. 1. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "Relationships and changes South Shoebury CP/AP through time". A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- A Vision of Britain through Time. Retrieved 6 March 2024.
- ISBN 978-1-4456-5189-7.
- ^ Shoeburyness UD Essex through time: Administrative history of Local Government District Archived 1 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine, visionofbritain.org.uk; accessed 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Appendix M – Urban Powers Conferred". Twenty-sixth Annual Report of the Local Government Board. 1897.
- ^ "Shoeburyness Climatic Averages 1991–2020". Met Office. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ "The Best Primary Schools in Shoeburyness". Locrating. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Shoeburyness Leisure Centre". Visit Southend. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Palace Cinema". Cinema Treasures. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Gunners Park and Shoebury Ranges". Essex Wildlife Trust. Retrieved 30 August 2016.
- ^ "Shoebury Garrison Conservation Area – Southend-on-Sea Borough Council". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Listed Buildings in Shoeburyness Ward, Southend-on-Sea – British Listing Buildings.co.uk". Retrieved 19 October 2017.
- ^ "Shoeburyness". Historic England. Retrieved 10 April 2023.
- ^ "Pig's Bay, Southend on Sea". Ordance Survey. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Explosions, Shoeburyness And Foulness (Damage)". Hansard Volume 564. 12 February 1957.
- ^ "Cold War defence boom, Pig's Bay, Shoeburyness". Historic England. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "Passenger Carriages Pressed Steel Co. Class 117 DMU Trailer Composite with Lavatory (TCL)". Helston Railway. Retrieved 29 March 2023.
- ^ "The Shoeburyness Military Tramways Byelaws" (PDF). Statutory Instruments. No. 388. Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the War Department. 1960. 119/Essex /297.
- ^ "QXA DB 977144 - MTA Brake Force Runner". Departmentals.com. Retrieved 12 March 2016.
- ^ Shoeburyness Fishermen Hailing a Whitstable Hoy, before 1809, National Gallery of Canada website; retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ^ Shoeburyness Fisherman Hailing a Whitstable Hoy, tate.org.uk; retrieved 18 June 2013.
- ^ "The Temeraire Reread: Victory of Eagles". Tor.com. 18 May 2016. Retrieved 31 May 2017.
- ^ "The Commuter" by Ceephax Acid Crew (2010) on YouTube; accessed 18 November 2017.
- ^ "Springfield! Springfield!". Archived from the original on 9 September 2014.
- ^ "Billy Bragg – A13 Trunk Road to the Sea".
- ^ "Ian Dury – Billericay Dickie".
- ^ "Jurassic World Dominion Dinotracker". www.dinotracker.com. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
- ^ @Dinotracker (19 May 2022). "The residents of Shoeburyness, U.K. ignored DPW warnings of growing prehistoric predator activity in their area. Unfortunately, their pets paid the price" (Tweet). Retrieved 15 June 2022 – via Twitter.
- ^ England, Sophie (25 June 2022). "Jurassic World marketing campaigns filmed in Southend". Echo News. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
- ^ Ace, Juliet (3 December 2007). "Tony Holland". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 25 May 2010.
- ^ "Personnel". 58th Brigade, Royal Field Artillery. Retrieved 17 March 2024.
- ^ "Long-awaited centre opens near Southend". Key Military. 20 October 2023.
External links
- Media related to Shoeburyness at Wikimedia Commons
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. .