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Coordinates: 49°15′46″N 4°02′05″E / 49.2628°N 4.0347°E / 49.2628; 4.0347
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*{{Coat of arms|Florence}}, Italy (1954)
*{{Coat of arms|Florence}}, Italy (1954)
*{{Coat of arms|Brazzaville}}, [[Republic of the Congo]] (1961)
*{{Coat of arms|Brazzaville}}, [[Republic of the Congo]] (1961)
* [[File:Canterbury Arms.svg|20px]] [[Canterbury]], United Kingdom (1962)<ref name="Archant twinning 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|accessdate=20 July 2013|archivedate=5 July 2013|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}</ref><ref>[http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=1133 Canterbury City Council – Twinning contacts. Retrieved on 14 October 2009]. Canterbury.gov.uk (1 March 2011). Retrieved on 25 August 2011.</ref>
* [[File:Canterbury Arms.svg|20px]] [[Canterbury]], United Kingdom (1962)<ref name="Archant twinning 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705094933/http://www.completefrance.com/language-culture/twin-towns|title=British towns twinned with French towns ''[via WaybackMachine.com]''|accessdate=20 July 2013|archivedate=5 July 2013|work=Archant Community Media Ltd}}</ref><ref>[http://www.canterbury.gov.uk/buildpage.php?id=1133 Canterbury City Council – Twinning contacts. Retrieved on 14 October 2009]{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. Canterbury.gov.uk (1 March 2011). Retrieved on 25 August 2011.</ref>
*{{Coat of arms|Salzburg}}, [[Austria]] (1964)
*{{Coat of arms|Salzburg}}, [[Austria]] (1964)
*{{Coat of arms|Aachen}}, Germany (1967)<ref name="Calderdale">{{cite web |url=http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/advice/tourism/towntwinning/towns/aachen.html |title=Aachen: Twin towns: Calderdale Council |first=|last=Calderdale Council |work=calderdale.gov.uk |year=2013 |accessdate=2 January 2013}}</ref><ref name="en-db">{{cite web |url= http://en.db-city.com/Germany--North-Rhine-Westphalia--Aachen--Aachen |title=Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany – City, Town and Village of the world |first= |last=en-db |work=en.db-city.com |year=2013|accessdate=3 January 2013}}</ref>
*{{Coat of arms|Aachen}}, Germany (1967)<ref name="Calderdale">{{cite web |url=http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/advice/tourism/towntwinning/towns/aachen.html |title=Aachen: Twin towns: Calderdale Council |first= |last=Calderdale Council |work=calderdale.gov.uk |year=2013 |accessdate=2 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130928232645/http://www.calderdale.gov.uk/advice/tourism/towntwinning/towns/aachen.html |archivedate=28 September 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="en-db">{{cite web |url= http://en.db-city.com/Germany--North-Rhine-Westphalia--Aachen--Aachen |title=Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany – City, Town and Village of the world |first= |last=en-db |work=en.db-city.com |year=2013|accessdate=3 January 2013}}</ref>
* [[File:Seal of Virginia.svg|20px]] [[Arlington County, Virginia]], United States (2005)
* [[File:Seal of Virginia.svg|20px]] [[Arlington County, Virginia]], United States (2005)
* [[File:COA Kutna Hora.png|20px]] [[Kutná Hora]], [[Czech Republic]] (2008)
* [[File:COA Kutna Hora.png|20px]] [[Kutná Hora]], [[Czech Republic]] (2008)

Revision as of 09:40, 5 December 2017

"Rheims" redirects here. For other uses, see Rheims (disambiguation).
For other uses, see Reims (disambiguation).

Reims
Subprefecture and commune
City hall (hôtel de ville)
City hall (hôtel de ville)
Coat of arms of Reims
Coat of arms
Location of Reims
Map
CU Grand Reims
Government
 • Mayor (2014–2019) Arnaud Robinet (LR)
Area
1
46.9 km2 (18.1 sq mi)
Population
 (2014)
186,971
 • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
INSEE/Postal code
51454
/51100
Elevation80–135 m (262–443 ft)
1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

Reims (

aire urbaine). Its river, the Vesle, is a tributary of the Aisne
.

Founded by the

First World War but restored since) housed the Holy Ampulla (Sainte Ampoule) containing the Saint Chrême (chrism), allegedly brought by a white dove (the Holy Spirit) at the baptism of Clovis in 496. It was used for the anointing
, the most important part of the coronation of French kings.

Administration

Reims functions as a subprefecture of the department of Marne, in the administrative region of Grand Est. Although Reims is by far the largest commune in both its region and department, Châlons-en-Champagne is the capital and prefecture of both.

History

See also: Timeline of Reims
For the ecclesiastical history, see
Archbishopric of Reims
.
Saint Remigius, Bishop of Reims, begging of Clovis the restitution of the Sacred Vase taken by the Franks in the pillage of Soissons. — Costumes of the court of Burgundy in the 15th century. — Facsimile of a miniature in a manuscript of the History of the Emperors (Library of the Arsenal).
A month after Blériot's crossing of the English Channel in a biplane, the aviation week in Reims (August 1909) caught special attention.

Before the Roman conquest of northern Gaul, Reims, founded circa 80 BC as *Durocorteron ("round fortress"; in Latin: Durocortōrum), served as the capital of the tribe of the Remi — whose name the town would subsequently echo. In the course of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul (58–51 BC), the Remi allied themselves with the Romans, and by their fidelity throughout the various Gallic insurrections secured the special favour of the imperial power. At its height in Roman times the city had a population in the range of 30,000 - 50,000 or perhaps up to 100,000.[2]

Christianity had become established in the city by 260, at which period Saint

Attila the Hun
put Reims to fire and sword.

In 496 – ten years after

Abbey of Saint-Remi. For centuries the events at the crowning of Clovis I became a symbol used by the monarchy to claim the divine right
to rule.

Meetings of

peers of the realm
.

By the 10th century Reims had become a centre of intellectual culture. Archbishop

Carolingians
.)

The archbishops held the important prerogative of the consecration of the kings of France – a privilege which they exercised (except in a few cases) from the time of

Louis XI cruelly suppressed a revolt at Reims, caused in 1461 by the salt tax. During the French Wars of Religion the city sided with the Catholic League (1585), but submitted to Henri IV after the battle of Ivry
(1590).

In the invasions of the War of the Sixth Coalition in 1814, anti-Napoleonic allied armies captured and re-captured Reims; in 1870–1871, during the Franco-Prussian War, the victorious Germans made it the seat of a governor-general and impoverished it with heavy requisitions.

In August 1909 Reims hosted the first international

aviation meet, the Grande Semaine d'Aviation de la Champagne. Major aviation personages such as Glenn Curtiss, Louis Blériot and Louis Paulhan
participated.

Hostilities in

Cloth Hall at Ypres and the University Library in Louvain
, as evidence that German aggression targeted cultural landmarks of European civilization.

German surrender of 7 May 1945 in Reims.
(Top) – German officers sign unconditional surrender in Reims.
(Bottom) – Allied force leaders at the signing.

From the end of World War I to the present day an international effort to restore the cathedral from the ruins has continued. The Palace of Tau, St Jacques Church and the Abbey of St Remi also were protected[by whom?] and restored. The collection of preserved buildings and Roman ruins remains monumentally impressive.

Interior of St Jacques, 1907.

During

SHAEF) as the representative for German President Karl Dönitz
.

The British statesman

hôtel de ville
(city hall) in February 1957.

Sights

Façade of Notre-Dame de Reims

Streets and squares

The principal squares of Reims include the Place Royale, with a statue of

Joan of Arc
. The Rue de Vesle, the main commercial street (continued under other names), traverses the city from southwest to northeast, passing through the Place Royale. Restaurants and bars are concentrated around Place Drouet d'Erlon in the city centre.

Gallo-Roman antiquities

The oldest monument in Reims, the

city walls, which were restored[by whom?] at the time of the Norman Invasion of northern France in the 9th century. In its vicinity a curious mosaic, measuring 36 feet by 26, with thirty-five medallions representing animals and gladiators
, was discovered in 1860.

Note too the

abbey of Saint-Remi
.

Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Reims

Main article:
Notre-Dame de Reims
Chalice
Douay-Rheims Bible (1582)

Many people know Reims for its cathedral, Notre-Dame de Reims, formerly the place of coronation of the kings of France. The cathedral became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991, along with the former Abbey of Saint-Remi and the Palace of Tau.

Palace of Tau

Main article: Palace of Tau

The archiepiscopal palace, built between 1498 and 1509, and in part rebuilt in 1675, served as the residence of the kings of France on the occasion of their coronations. The salon (salle du Tau), where the royal banquet took place, has an immense stone chimney that dates from the 15th century. The chapel of the archiepiscopal palace consists of two storeys, of which the upper still (as of 2009) serves as a place of worship. Both the chapel and the salle du Tau have decorative

Flemish
weaver who executed them. The palace opened to the public in 1972 as a museum containing such exhibits as statues formerly displayed by the cathedral, treasures of the cathedral from past centuries, and royal attire from coronations of French kings.

Saint Remi Basilica

Façade of Basilica St. Remi

Saint Remi Basilica, about a mile from the Cathedral of Notre Dame of Reims, takes its name from the fifth-century

Royal Abbey of St Remi
. The abbey sought to trace its heritage back to St Remi, while the present abbey building dates back to the 17th and 18th centuries.

The Saint Remi Basilica dates from the 11th, 12th, 13th and 15th centuries. Most of the construction of the church finished in the 11th century, with additions made later. The nave and transepts, Gothic in style, date mainly from the earliest, the façade of the south transept from the latest of those periods, the choir and apse chapels from the 12th and 13th centuries. The 17th and 19th centuries saw further additions. The building suffered greatly in World War I, and the meticulous restoration work of architect Henri Deneux [fr] rebuilt it from its ruins over the following 40 years. As of 2009 it remains the seat of an active Catholic parish holding regular worship services and welcoming pilgrims. It has been classified as an historical monument since 1841 and is one of the pinnacles of the history of art and of the history of France.

Several royal and archepiscopal figures lie buried in the basilica, but in unidentified graves. They include:

Inside of Basilica St. Remi

The public can visit the abbey building, now the Saint-Remi Museum. The abbey closed in the wake of the

cardinal of the same name
), marble capitals from the fourth century AD, furniture, jewellery, pottery, weapons and glasswork from the sixth to eighth centuries, medieval sculpture, the façade of the 13th-century musicians' House, remnants from an earlier abbey building, and also exhibits of Gallo-Roman arts and crafts and a room of pottery, jewellery and weapons from Gallic civilization, as well as an exhibit of items from the Palaeolithic to the Neolithic periods.

Another section of the museum features a permanent military exhibition.

Forts

In 1874 the construction of a chain of detached

forts started in the vicinity, the French Army having selected Reims as one of the chief defences of the northern approaches to Paris. Atop the ridge of St Thierry stands a fort of the same name, which with the neighbouring work of Chenay closes the west side of the place. To the north the hill of Brimont has three works guarding the Laon railway and the Aisne canal. Farther east, on the old Roman road, stands the Fort de Fresnes. Due east, the hills of Arnay are crowned with five large and important works which cover the approaches from the upper Aisne. Fort de la Pompelle, which hosts a World War I museum featuring a rich collection of German uniforms, and Montbré
close the southeast side, and the Falaise hills on the southwest are open and unguarded. The perimeter of the defences measures just under 22 miles, and the forts are at a mean distance of 6 miles (10 km) from the centre of the city.

Monument to the Black Army of Reims

The original monument was erected in 1924 where the Boulevard

Légion d'honneur. In 2008, on the occasion of the ninetieth anniversary of the defence of Reims, a major ceremony was held in remembrance of the Black Army of Reims, attended by Jean-Marie Bockel, Rama Yade and Adeline Hazan.[3]

Other buildings

See also: Château de Condé
Paris door, Reims
Reims in 1916

The Church of St Jacques dates from the 13th to the 16th centuries. A few blocks from the cathedral, it stands as of 2009 in a neighborhood of shopping and restaurants. What remains of the Abbey of St. Denis has become a Fine Arts Museum. The old College of the

Cardinal Gousset
, now buried within its walls) also draw tourists.

The

Temple protestant de Reims was designed by Charles Letrosne in a flamboyant neo-Gothic style. Originally the walls were lavishly decorated in Art Deco style by Gustave Louis Jaulmes, but in 1973 the walls were painted white, giving an austere appearance.[4]

The Foujita Chapel (1966), designed and decorated by the Japanese School of Paris artist Tsuguharu Foujita, became famed for its frescos. It was listed as an historic monument in 1992.[5]

The city hall (hôtel de ville), erected in the 17th century and enlarged in the 19th, features a

Louis XIII
(reigned 1610 to 1643).

The Surrender Museum is the building in which on 7 May 1945, General Eisenhower and the Allies received the unconditional surrender of the German Wehrmacht.

The

Carnegie library, the former public library built with money donated by Andrew Carnegie to the city of Reims after World War I
, is a remarkable example of Art Deco in France.

Transport

Reims is served by two main railway stations:

Gare de Champagne-Ardenne TGV 5 kilometres (3 miles) southwest of the city with high-speed rail connections to Paris, Metz, Nancy and Strasbourg. The motorways A4 (Paris-Strasbourg), A26 (Calais-Langres) and A34
intersect near Reims.

Public transport within the city consists of buses and a tramway, the latter opened in 2011.

Wine

Reims, along with

champagne-producing houses, known as les grandes marques, have their headquarters in Reims, and most open for tasting and tours. Champagne ages in the many caves and tunnels under Reims, which form a sort of maze below the city. Carved from chalk
, some of these passages date back to Roman times.

Climate

Climate data for Reims (1961–1990)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 16.6
(61.9) 		21.6
(70.9) 		24.0
(75.2) 		29.4
(84.9) 		31.7
(89.1) 		35.4
(95.7) 		37.7
(99.9) 		37.3
(99.1) 		33.0
(91.4) 		27.5
(81.5) 		20.0
(68.0) 		16.7
(62.1) 		37.7
(99.9)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.9
(40.8) 		6.9
(44.4) 		10.2
(50.4) 		13.9
(57.0) 		18.1
(64.6) 		21.4
(70.5) 		23.8
(74.8) 		23.4
(74.1) 		20.3
(68.5) 		15.4
(59.7) 		9.2
(48.6) 		5.9
(42.6) 		14.5
(58.1)
Daily mean °C (°F) 2.3
(36.1) 		3.4
(38.1) 		6.0
(42.8) 		8.9
(48.0) 		12.7
(54.9) 		15.9
(60.6) 		17.9
(64.2) 		17.7
(63.9) 		14.9
(58.8) 		11.0
(51.8) 		6.0
(42.8) 		3.2
(37.8) 		10.0
(50.0)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −0.4
(31.3) 		−0.1
(31.8) 		1.8
(35.2) 		3.8
(38.8) 		7.3
(45.1) 		10.4
(50.7) 		12.0
(53.6) 		11.9
(53.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		6.6
(43.9) 		2.8
(37.0) 		0.5
(32.9) 		5.5
(41.9)
Record low °C (°F) −22.3
(−8.1) 		−19.9
(−3.8) 		−10.8
(12.6) 		−5.5
(22.1) 		−2.1
(28.2) 		−0.4
(31.3) 		3.1
(37.6) 		2.0
(35.6) 		−0.7
(30.7) 		−6.6
(20.1) 		−11.5
(11.3) 		−19.6
(−3.3) 		−22.3
(−8.1)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 43.6
(1.72) 		42.2
(1.66) 		50.8
(2.00) 		43.4
(1.71) 		59.8
(2.35) 		58.8
(2.31) 		52.2
(2.06) 		49.4
(1.94) 		49.5
(1.95) 		51.5
(2.03) 		53.1
(2.09) 		49.8
(1.96) 		604.1
(23.78)
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) 10.7 9.2 10.9 9.8 9.9 9.3 7.8 7.9 8.2 8.9 10.3 10.3 113.2
Average snowy days 5.6 4.9 3.4 1.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 3.9 21.3
Average
relative humidity
(%) 		88 84 80 77 78 78 76 77 81 86 88 88 81.8
Mean monthly sunshine hours 50.3 86.1 129.4 171.7 206.9 220.0 235.0 216.3 170.6 121.6 71.9 49.0 1,728.8
Source: Infoclimat.fr[6]

Sport

Between 1925 and 1969 Reims hosted the Grand Prix de la Marne automobile race at the circuit of Reims-Gueux. The French Grand Prix took place here 14 times between 1938 and 1966.

As of 2016 the football club

European Cup of Champions
twice in that era.

The city has hosted the

Reims Marathon
since 1984.

Notable residents

Those born in Reims include:

Higher education

The URCA (University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne|Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne) was created in 1548. This multidisciplinary university develops innovative, fundamental and applied research. It provides more than 18 000 students in Reims (22 000 in Champagne-Ardenne) with a wide initial undergraduate studies program which corresponds to society's needs in all domains of the knowledge. The university also accompanies independent or company backed students in continuing professional development training. The

Institut d'Etudes politiques de Paris, the leading French university in social and political sciences, also known as Sciences Po, opened a new campus in the Collège des Jésuites de Reims [fr] in 2010. This Euro-American campus[8] will welcome more than 1500 students in 2015. In 2012 the first Reims Model United Nations was launched, which gathered 200 international students from all the Sciences Po campuses. Daniel Rondeau, the ambassador of France to UNESCO
and a French writer, is the patron of the event. NEOMA Business School (former Reims Management School) is also one of the main schools in Reims.

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in France

Twin towns – sister cities

Reims is

twinned
with:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Reims," entry in Nouveau petit Larousse, 1971, p. 1638.
  2. ISBN 9780521322089
    . Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  3. ^ "Le monument à l'Armée noire de Reims" (in French). Retrieved 11 November 2010.
  4. ^ Guttinger, Philippe (2015). "Le temple protestant de Reims". Retrieved 4 July 2015. {{cite web}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
  5. ^ "French Culture Ministry: listing of the Foujita chapel". culture.gouv.fr. Retrieved 16 August 2015.
  6. ^ "Normes et records 1961-1990: Reims-Champagne (51) - altitude 91m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  7. ^ Oxford Music Online
  8. ^ "Welcome | Sciences Po - College Universitaire de Reims - Campus Euro-Américain". college.sciences-po.fr. Retrieved 10 October 2014.
  9. ^ "British towns twinned with French towns [via WaybackMachine.com]". Archant Community Media Ltd. Archived from the original on 5 July 2013. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
  10. ^ Canterbury City Council – Twinning contacts. Retrieved on 14 October 2009[permanent dead link]. Canterbury.gov.uk (1 March 2011). Retrieved on 25 August 2011.
  11. ^ Calderdale Council (2013). "Aachen: Twin towns: Calderdale Council". calderdale.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 28 September 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |deadurl= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  12. ^ en-db (2013). "Aachen, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany – City, Town and Village of the world". en.db-city.com. Retrieved 3 January 2013.
Attribution

Bibliography

See also: Bibliography of the history of Reims

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Reims (category)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Reims.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Reims&oldid=813806500"