Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies: Difference between revisions

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U.S. President Barack Obama nominated over four hundred individuals for federal judgeships during his presidency. Of these nominations, Congress confirmed three hundred and twenty nine judgeships, 173 during the 111th & 112th Congresses^[1] and 156 during the 113th and 114th Congresses.^[2]

The most potent filibustering of Obama's nominees occurred in the Republican controlled 114th congress. Obama nominated 69 people for 104 different

Supreme Court put forward by President Obama, arguing that the next president should be the one to appoint Scalia's replacement. Scalia's death was only the second death of a serving justice in a span of sixty years^[3]

Even while Democrats still controlled the Senate (2009-2014), Republicans filibustered many nominees, and Senator Chuck Grassley commented more nominees could have been confirmed had President Obama respected recess appointment precedent by not making recess appointments while the Senate is in session.^[4] Although President Obama had never used a recess appointment to appoint a nominee to the federal bench, he had appointed some executive agency officials in January 2012.

As a response to the continuing blocking of several of President Obama's nominees, Sen. Harry Reid on November 21, 2013 invoked the so-called nuclear option and changed the Senate rules, meaning a simple majority vote will suffice for all nominees except for the Supreme Court. This significantly sped up the pace of confirmations during 2014, especially to the district courts.^[5]

Failed Supreme Court nomination

Supreme Court of the United States
- Rufus Wheeler Peckham in 1895.^[6] Conversely, in February 1988, during an election year, the Democratic-controlled Senate confirmed Anthony Kennedy, who was the Republican President Ronald Reagan's nominee for the Supreme Court, though Kennedy had been nominated in November 1987.^[7]

Garland himself was not personally controversial. However, political commentators widely recognized Scalia as one of the more

nomination during the president's last year in office.^[9] Senate Democrats responded that there was sufficient time to vote on a nominee before the election.^[10] Garland's nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. The nomination remained before the Senate for 293 days,^[11] more than twice as long as any other Supreme Court nomination.^[12] On January 31, 2017, President Donald Trump announced his selection of Judge Neil Gorsuch for the position. Gorsuch was later confirmed on April 7, 2017 by a vote of 54–45^[13] and sworn in on April 10, 2017.^[14]

List of failed, stalled or filibustered appellate nominees

Failed nominees

United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
- 112th Congress convened.^[15] Obama later chose U.S. District Judge Christopher F. Droney to fill the seat to which Chatigny had been nominated, and the Senate confirmed Droney without opposition on November 28, 2011.^[20]

United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
- Goodwin Liu (of California), to newly created seat: Liu was nominated on February 24, 2010.^[16] His nomination was returned by the Senate on August 5, 2010.^[21] Liu had faced opposition due to his outspoken support of same-sex marriage and affirmative action,^[21] and a 2008 article he wrote claiming a Constitutional right to receive welfare.^[22]^[23] He was also denounced for his personal criticism of the Supreme Court nominations of John Roberts and Samuel Alito.^[24] Republican opposition to Liu is also due in part to his being considered a possible Supreme Court candidate.^[24] Liu was renominated at the start of the 112th Congress. On May 17, 2011, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid filed for cloture on Liu's nomination, with 60 votes needed to proceed to an up-or-down vote on Liu's nomination. The cloture motion attracted only 52 of the 60 aye votes required. On May 25, 2011, Liu wrote to President Obama requesting that his nomination be withdrawn due to the improbability that he would receive an up-or-down vote.^[25] On July 26, 2011, Governor Jerry Brown nominated Liu to a seat on the Supreme Court of California,^[26] and he was sworn in on September 1, 2011.^[27] Obama later nominated U.S. District Judge Jacqueline Nguyen to the Ninth Circuit seat to which Liu had been nominated,^[28] and the Senate confirmed her without opposition on May 7, 2012.^[29]
United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit
- openly gay United States appeals court judge.^[31] The nomination languished for 18 months before United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, which never scheduled a hearing on it, despite having had hearings and votes for two later nominees to the same court. A spokesperson for Senator Chuck Grassley, the ranking Republican on the Senate Judiciary Committee, said in August 2011 only that "There are questions in Mr. DuMont's background investigation that have to be resolved."^[32] In November 2011, the National Law Journal reported that DuMont had submitted a letter to President Obama, asking that the president withdraw his nomination because one or more senators of the minority party on United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary refused to allow the committee to give him a hearing. Obama withdrew DuMont's nomination later that day.^[33] In November 2011, Obama nominated Richard G. Taranto
  to the seat to which DuMont had been nominated, and the Senate confirmed without opposition him on March 11, 2013.

United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
- Donald Karl Schott, who was approved by the Judiciary Committee but never received a vote in the full Senate. The seat was filled in 2018 by Donald Trump nominee Michael B. Brennan
  .

United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
- Stephen Six (of Kansas), to seat vacated by Deanell Reece Tacha.^[36] Former Kansas Attorney General Six was opposed by both home state Senators. Republicans claimed that he was a liberal extremist who would substitute his personal opinions for the law and the Constitution. Six's critics strongly condemned his conduct in a 2008 investigation of physician George Tiller, who was charged with performing illegal late-term abortions. Six was accused of improperly quashing a subpoena for Tiller's patient records.^[37] Because of opposition by both of his home state Senators and the negative publicity, the Senate Judiciary Committee did not act upon the nomination. His nomination was returned to the president on December 17, 2011, pursuant to the rules of the Senate, and the president chose not to renominate him.^[38] Obama later chose Kansas Supreme Court Justice Nancy Moritz to fill the seat to which Six had been nominated, and the Senate confirmed Moritz on May 5, 2014.^[39]
United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
- Patricia Ann Millett to fill the vacancy. The Senate
  confirmed her on December 10, 2013.

Successfully appointed nominees

United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
- Senators from Indiana,^[49] including Republican Senator Richard Lugar.^[50] Lugar was the only Republican to vote for final confirmation of Hamilton.^[51] Cloture was successfully invoked on November 17, 2009 by a vote of 70–29,^[52] and Hamilton was confirmed on November 19, 2009 by a vote of 59–39.^[51]

United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
- William J. Haynes, who was initially nominated in September 2003 and withdrew from consideration in January 2007; E. Duncan Getchell, who was nominated in September 2007 and withdrew from consideration in January 2008; and Glen E. Conrad, whose nomination in May 2008 expired at the end of Bush's presidency in January 2009. Cloture was successfully invoked on March 2, 2010 by a vote of 99–0,^[55] and Keenan was confirmed later that day by a vote of 99–0.^[56]

United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit
- Patty Shwartz (of New Jersey), to seat vacated by Maryanne Trump Barry: New Jersey Sen. Bob Menendez, a Democrat, had not returned his blue slip—effectively blocking the nomination, since nominations do not go forward without the support of home-state senators, which comes in the form of a blue slip that is returned to the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.^[57] In January 2012, The New York Times reported that Menendez had not given a reason for not returning his blue slip, and noted that Shwartz long had been in a relationship with the head of the public corruption unit for New Jersey's federal prosecutor. That was the unit that investigated Menendez during his 2006 election fight—an investigation that Menendez contended was politically motivated.^[57] On January 13, 2012, Menendez announced that he had dropped his opposition to Shwartz's nomination and would be returning his blue slip.^[58] On February 15, 2012, Shwartz received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee. On March 8, 2012, the Judiciary Committee reported her nomination to the floor of the Senate by a vote of 10 ayes to 6 nays. On January 2, 2013, her nomination was returned to the President, due to the sine die adjournment of the Senate.^[59] On January 3, 2013, she was renominated to the same office. Her nomination was reported to the floor by the Senate Judiciary Committee on February 14, 2013, by a vote of 11 ayes to 7 nays.^[60] The Senate had ultimately approved the nomination on April 9, 2013 by a 64–34 vote.
United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
- Andrew D. Hurwitz (of Arizona), to seat vacated by Mary M. Schroeder: Some Republican senators had objected to Hurwitz and required a cloture vote on his nomination because of his role some 40 years earlier as a young law clerk. Hurwitz had been a law clerk for then-U.S. District Judge Jon O. Newman, and in a 2002 law review article, Hurwitz wrote that he had helped to write—and still admires the legal framework for—Newman's opinion striking down Connecticut's abortion law, just a year before the U.S. Supreme Court decided Roe v. Wade.^[61] Both of Hurwitz's home-state senators have supported his nomination, but other Republican senators have objected to it.^[62] After a Republican filibuster on Hurwitz's nomination, senators voted 60–31 on June 11, 2012 to invoke cloture and break the filibuster.^[63] Senators then confirmed Hurwitz on June 12, 2012 in a voice vote.^[64]
United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
- Thurmond Rule.^[66]
  After Obama was reelected to a second term, Bacharach was confirmed by the Senate in February 2013 by a vote of 93–0.

United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
- Adalberto Jordan (of Florida), to seat vacated by Susan H. Black. Jordan's nomination was the subject of a filibuster by Senate Republicans, who had no major objections to Jordan himself but were angry by unrelated recess appointments by President Obama in early January 2012. On February 9, 2012, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid motioned to invoke cloture on Jordan's nomination, thereby ending the filibuster. Cloture was achieved in an 89–5 vote on February 13, 2012,^[67] and the Senate confirmed Jordan on February 15, 2012 in a 94–5 vote.^[68]
- Stanley F. Birch. Georgia's two Republican senators Johnny Isakson and Saxby Chambliss refused to return their blue slips, thus preventing a hearing and effectively blocking her nomination.^[69] In September 2013 it was reported that a deal was in the works between the White House and the Senators to ensure a hearing on the Pryor nomination and to fill the other district court vacancies within Georgia, thus upsetting those in the Georgia's Democratic delegation.^[70] On May 13, 2014 a hearing was held on her nomination by the Senate Judiciary Committee. On June 19, 2014 her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote. On July 30, 2014, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid motioned to invoke cloture on Pryor's nomination. On July 31, 2014, the Senate voted 58–33 for cloture on Pryor's nomination. On September 8, 2014 the Senate
  voted 97–0 in favor of final confirmation.

United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
- John G. Roberts, Jr. and Douglas H. Ginsburg: in November 2013 Republicans blocked the nomination of three nominees by filibustering.^[71] Republican Senators have called Obama's nominations "court packing", which evokes but is not analogous to Franklin D. Roosevelt's Judicial Procedures Reform Bill of 1937, despite Obama exercising his constitutional right to fill existing judicial vacancies.^[72] As a response to these actions Sen. Harry Reid on November 21, 2013 invoked the so-called Nuclear option and changed the Senate rules, meaning a simple majority vote will suffice for all nominees except for the Supreme Court.^[5] Millet and Pillard were confirmed respectively on December 10, 2013 (Millet 56–38, with Republican Senators Collins and Murkowski
  voting to confirm as well) and December 11, 2013 (Pillard, 51-44).

List of failed, stalled or filibustered district court nominees

Failed nominees

United States District Court for the Western District of Wisconsin
- Ron Johnson, who was elected in 2010, immediately put a hold on Butler's nomination once he took office, and senators returned Butler's nomination to the White House in December 2011. On November 7, 2013, President Obama nominated James D. Peterson
  to fill this vacancy and he was confirmed on May 8, 2014.

United States District Court for the District of Maryland
- George Levi Russell III
  to fill the vacant seat to which Day had been nominated, and the Senate confirmed Russell on May 14, 2012.
United States District Court for the Western District of New York
- Frank Paul Geraci, Jr.
  to the seat to which Green had been nominated, and the Senate confirmed Geraci without opposition to the seat on December 13, 2012.
United States District Court for the Northern District of Oklahoma
- Representative Dan Boren expressing disappointment that they were not consulted on the nomination.^[84]^[85] However, the Obama White House disputes that they did not consult with the Oklahoma congressional delegation.^[85] Public opposition to Mikkanen's nomination had centered around procedural grounds rather than substantive issues about Mikkanen himself.^[84]^[85] In February 2012, Obama nominated then-federal magistrate judge John E. Dowdell
  to the seat to which Mikkanen had been nominated. The Senate confirmed Dowdell on December 11, 2012.

United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia
- Federal Public Defender program for Northern Georgia, for reasons they declined to discuss publicly. As a result, Silas never received a hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary.^[86] Her nomination was returned to President Barack Obama on December 17, 2011. On December 19, 2013 President Obama nominated Mark Howard Cohen
  to fill this vacancy. He was confirmed on November 18, 2014.
- Linda T. Walker: Originally nominated on January 26, 2011. Her nomination expired when it was returned to the President on December 17, 2011. On December 19, 2013 President Obama nominated Leigh Martin May
  to fill this vacancy. She was confirmed on November 13, 2014.
- Dax Eric López: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated López to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Georgia, to the seat vacated by Judge Julie E. Carnes, who was elevated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit.^[89] Georgia Senator David Perdue announced that he would not return Lopez's blue slip, effectively killing his nomination.^[90]

United States District Court for the District of Nevada
- Richard Franklin Boulware II
  to fill this vacancy. He was confirmed on June 10, 2014.
United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida
- Circuit Court Judge Robin L. Rosenberg
  was nominated to the seat on February 26, 2014. She was confirmed on July 22, 2014.

United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
- Alison Renee Lee: A state Circuit Court Judge since 1999, Lee was originally nominated on June 26, 2013 to the seat being vacated by Judge Cameron McGowan Currie, who took senior status on October 3, 2013.^[100] South Carolina Senators Lindsey Graham and Tim Scott opposed her nomination because of a controversial decision she made involving burglary suspect Lorenzo Young. Lee consolidated his bonds and reduced the total from $225,000 to $175,000 for Young, who subsequently was released and then later charged in the July 1 slaying of a 33-year-old woman.^[101]^[102] Due to opposition from her home state senators and no opportunity of receiving a committee hearing on September 18, 2014 President Barack Obama withdrew her nomination.^[103]
United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina
- sine die
  adjournment of the 113th Congress. President Obama chose not to renominate her.
United States District Court for the District of Kansas
- Kathryn H. Vratil, who took senior status on April 22, 2014.^[105] On Wednesday, December 7, 2016, Campbell, in letters to President Obama and Kansas Senators Pat Roberts and Jerry Moran, requested that his name be withdrawn from further consideration.^[106] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, at the end of the 114th Congress
  .

United States District Court for the District of Utah
- Mike Lee. Russell received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on April 20, 2016, and was approved without objection on May 19. However, Russell's nomination stalled on the floor, due to the blockade on confirmations imposed by Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, and Democratic objections to expediting Russell's nomination without confirming longer-pending Democrats. Without floor action, Russell's nomination was returned to the White House unconfirmed on January 3, 2017.^[108]

Successfully appointed nominees

United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
- partisan judge.^[110] On May 4, 2011, the United States Senate invoked cloture on McConnell's nomination in a 63–33 vote, and he was confirmed by the Senate later that same day in a 50–44 vote.^[111] The cloture petition filed to break the filibuster against McConnell marked one of the rare instances that such a motion had been required to force a vote on a district court nominee, with only three prior instances recorded.^[112]

United States District Court for the Northern District of California
- Edward M. Chen: Chen faced opposition due to his work as an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union.^[21]^[113] On May 5, 2011, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid received unanimous consent from the Senate to proceed to an executive session of the Senate at a future time, eliminating the need to file for cloture on Chen's nomination.^[114] On May 10, 2011, Chen was confirmed by the Senate by a 56–42 vote.
United States District Court for the District of Arizona
- Rosemary Marquez: On June 23, 2011, President Obama nominated Marquez, a Tucson defense attorney, to the federal trial court in Arizona. However, Arizona's two Republican senators, John McCain and Jon Kyl, refused to return their blue slips on Marquez's nomination, meaning that a hearing before the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary cannot go forward.^[115] McCain said that he did not believe that Marquez is qualified, telling a newspaper, "I've been working with Sen. Kyl, but we do not feel at this time that she's qualified."^[116]
  On January 28, 2014 the Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on her nomination as well as five other individuals nominated to the same court. She was confirmed on May 15, 2014 by a vote of 81–15.

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri
- Ronnie L. White: On November 7, 2013, President Obama nominated Missouri Supreme Court Justice White to serve on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Missouri.^[117] White had previously been nominated for the same position by President Bill Clinton in 1997, but the nomination was defeated.^[118] The nomination drew controversy, as Republicans charged White as being a liberal ideologue who was biased in favor of criminal defendants. He received a hearing before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on May 20, 2014.^[119] On June 19, 2014 his nomination was reported out of committee by a roll call vote of 10–8.^[120] On July 16, 2014, the United States Senate voted 54–43 for cloture on White's nomination, cutting off a Republican-led filibuster of White's nomination.[9] Later that same day, senators voted 53–44 to confirm White.^[121]

Effects of vacancies

A 2016 study found the current rate of federal judge vacancies (10 percent) had led prosecutors to dismiss more cases, and defendants to be more likely to plead guilty and less likely to be incarcerated.^[122] The authors find that "the current rate of vacancies has resulted in 1,000 fewer prison inmates annually compared to a fully-staffed court system, a 1.5 percent decrease."^[122]

Nominations that were made at the end of Obama's term and later renominated

United States District Court for the District of Idaho
- David Nye: On the recommendation of United States Senators Mike Crapo and Jim Risch, President Barack Obama nominated Nye on April 5, 2016 to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Idaho.^[123]^[124] Nye was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge Edward Lodge, who took senior status on July 3, 2015. The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing on his nomination on June 21, 2016.^[125] On July 14, 2016 his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[126] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. Senators Crapo and Risch have indicated that if Nye is not confirmed in the 114th Congress, they will recommend him to President Donald Trump for renomination in the 115th Congress.^[127] He was subsequently renominated and confirmed unanimously in 2017.
United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma
- Scott L. Palk: An Assistant Dean of Students at the University of Oklahoma College of Law, Palk's nomination was the result of a compromise between Obama and Oklahoma's home-state Senators, both Republicans. On December 16, 2015, President Obama nominated Palk to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma, to the seat vacated by Judge Stephen P. Friot, who took senior status on December 1, 2014. He received a hearing before the United States Senate Judiciary Committee on April 20, 2016.^[128] On May 19, 2016, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[129] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On May 8, 2017, he was renominated by President Donald Trump and subsequently was confirmed by the Senate on October 26, 2017, by a vote of 79–16.^[130]
United States District Court for the District of South Carolina
- Joseph Fletcher Anderson Jr., who took senior status on November 16, 2014.^[131] On June 21, 2016, a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on his nomination.^[132] On July 14, 2016, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[133] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On August 3, 2017, President Trump renominated Coggins to the same seat. His nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote on September 14, 2017.^[134] On November 16, 2017, his nomination was confirmed by the Senate by a vote of 96–0.^[135]
  He received his judicial commission on November 20, 2017.

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas
- Karen Gren Scholer: On March 15, 2016, President Obama nominated former Dallas County Judge Scholer to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge Richard A. Schell, who took senior status on March 10, 2015.^[136] Scholer was nominated with the support of Texas's two Senators, both Republicans, in a compromise. On September 7, 2016, a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on her nomination.[3] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On September 7, 2017, Scholer was renominated to the district court. However, she was nominated to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge Jorge Antonio Solis, who retired on May 1, 2016.^[137] On October 26, 2017, her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[138] On March 1, 2018, the Senate voted 96–1 to invoke cloture on her nomination.^[139] On March 5, the Senate confirmed her in a 95–0 vote.^[140] She received her commission on March 6, 2018, and was sworn into office on March 7, 2018.
United States District Court for the Western District of Texas
- Walter David Counts III: On March 15, 2016, President Obama nominated U.S. Magistrate Judge Counts to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge Robert A. Junell, who took senior status on February 13, 2015.^[141] Counts was selected as a compromise between the Obama White House and the state's two U.S. Senators, both Republicans. On September 7, 2016, a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on his nomination.^[142] While Counts generated no controversy, the nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On September 7, 2017, President Trump renominated Counts.^[143] On October 26, 2017, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[144] On January 11, 2018, the U.S. Senate voted to confirm Counts by a vote of 96–0.^[145]
  He received his commission on January 17, 2018.

United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania
- Susan Paradise Baxter: On July 30, 2015 President Barack Obama nominated Baxter to serve as a judge on the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Sean J. McLaughlin who resigned on August 16, 2013.^[146] She received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015.^[147] On January 28, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[148] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On December 20, 2017, her renomination was announced and sent to the Senate.^[149] She has been nominated to the seat vacated by Sean J. McLaughlin, who resigned on August 16, 2013.^[150] On February 15, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted to support her nomination on a voice vote.^[151] On August 28, 2018, her nomination was confirmed by voice vote.^[152] She received her judicial commission on September 10, 2018.
- Marilyn Jean Horan: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Judge Horan to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge Terrence F. McVerry, who assumed senior status on September 30, 2013.^[146] She received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015.^[147] On January 28, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[148] Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On December 20, 2017, her renomination was announced and sent to the United States Senate.^[149] She has been nominated to the seat vacated by Gary L. Lancaster, who died on April 24, 2013.^[150] On February 15, 2018, the Senate Judiciary Committee voted to support her nomination on a voice vote.^[151] On September 6, 2018, her nomination was confirmed by voice vote.^[153]
  She received her judicial commission on September 19, 2018.

United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida
- William F. Jung: On April 28, 2016, President Obama nominated Jung to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, to the seat vacated by Judge Anne C. Conway, who took senior status on August 1, 2015. Jung had been previously nominated for the same court by George W. Bush in 2008, but the nomination was not acted upon by Senate Democrats. For this 2016 nomination the American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary rated Jung unanimously "Well Qualified."^[154] In spite of this, his nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.^[155] On December 21, 2017, he was nominated for the court a third time by President Donald Trump.^[156] On February 14, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the Senate Judiciary Committee^[157] On March 15, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by voice vote.^[158] On September 6, 2018, his nomination was confirmed by voice vote.^[159] He received his judicial commission on September 10, 2018.
United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island
- Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate. On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of McElroy to the district court.^[164] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.^[165] Her nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee
  .

United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York
- Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate.^[171] On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Brown to the district court.^[172] On May 21, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate.^[173] His nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee
  .
- Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate.^[177] On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Gujarati to the district court.^[178] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.^[179] Her nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee
  .

United States District Court for the District of Maryland
- Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate.^[184] On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Gallagher to the district court.^[185] On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.^[186] Her nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee
  .

United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
- John Milton Younge: On July 30, 2015, President Obama nominated Judge Younge to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge Mary A. McLaughlin, who assumed senior status on November 18, 2013.^[146] He received a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee on December 9, 2015.^[147] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On July 13, 2018 President Donald Trump announced his intent to nominate Younge to a seat on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.^[187] On July 17, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump re-nominated Younge for the same seat.^[188] His nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee.
United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas
- James Wesley Hendrix: On March 15, 2016, President Obama nominated Hendrix to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, to the seat vacated by Judge Jorge Antonio Solis, who retired on May 1, 2016.^[189] On September 7, 2016, a hearing before the Senate Judiciary Committee was held on his nomination.^[190] His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress. On January 16, 2019, President Trump announced his intent to renominate Hendrix to serve as a United States District Judge for the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas.^[191] On January 17, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Hendrix to the seat on the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas vacated by Judge Samuel Ray Cummings, who took senior status on December 31, 2014.^[192] His nomination is currently pending before the Senate Judiciary Committee.

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^
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^ ^a ^b The White House: Office of the Press Secretary (February 24, 2010). "President Obama Nominates Goodwin Liu for the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Judge Robert N. Chatigny for the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit". whitehouse.gov. Retrieved September 3, 2011.

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^ Press, The Associated (17 May 2001). "Judge Bans Public Access to Sex Offender List" – via NYTimes.com.

The Hartford Courant. Retrieved September 3, 2011.^{[permanent dead link}
]

^ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". senate.gov. Retrieved 20 January 2017.

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^ "Rethinking constitutional welfare rights. – Free Online Library". www.thefreelibrary.com.

^ http://www.washingtontimes.com, The Washington Times. "EDITORIAL: A constitutional right to welfare?". {{cite web}}: External link in |last= (help)

^ ^a ^b An Exceptional Nominee, The New York Times (March 27, 2010).

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^ President Obama Nominates Justice Barbara Milano Keenan for United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, whitehouse.gov (September 14, 2009).

^ ^a ^b Frank Green and Jeff E. Schapiro, Keenan confirmed for 4th Circuit judgeship, Richmond Times-Dispatch (March 3, 2010).

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^ U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 111th Congress – 2nd Session, Vote Number 30: Confirmation Barbara Milano Keenan, senate.gov (March 2, 2010).

^ ^a ^b Zernike, Kate (January 5, 2012). "Senator Menendez Stalls Obama Move to Promote Judge Patty Shwartz". The New York Times.

^ Zernike, Kate (January 13, 2012). "Senator Menendez Says He Will Back Obama Judge Pick". The New York Times.

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^ Malloy, Daniel. "Ga. Dems demand input on judicial nominees, "shocked" at White House deal with senators". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.^{[permanent dead link]}

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^ "Openly Gay Miami-Dade Judge Nominated As Federal Judge". CBS Miami. November 14, 2012. Retrieved November 15, 2012.

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^ Nominations for June 21, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee

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^ Results of Executive Business Meeting – September 14, 2017, Senate Judiciary Committee

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^ https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/03/15/presidential-nominations-sent-senate

^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Seventh Wave of Judicial Candidates".

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^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, July 30, 2015

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Nominations for December 9, 2015

^ ^a ^b ^c Results of Executive Business Meeting – January 28, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee

^ ^a ^b " President Donald J. Trump Announces Ninth Wave of Judicial Nominees and Tenth Wave of United States Attorney Nominees " White House, December 20, 2017 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

^ ^a ^b "Eight Nominations Sent to the Senate Today" White House, December 20, 2017

^ ^a ^b Results of Executive Business Meeting – February 15, 2018, Senate Judiciary Committee

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^ ^a ^b "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, September 8, 2015

^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Twelfth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Twelfth Wave of United States Attorneys, and Sixth Wave of United States Marshals" White House, April 10, 2018 This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.

^ "Twenty-Nine Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", The White House, April 12, 2018

^ ^a ^b Results of Executive Business Meeting – October 11, 2018, Senate Judiciary Committee

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^ ^a ^b "Fifteen Nominations and One Withdrawal Sent to the Senate Today" White House, May 15, 2018

^ ^a ^b Results of Executive Business Meeting – September 13, 2018 Senate Judiciary Committee

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^ "Seventeen Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", White House, June 11, 2018

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^ "Ten Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", White House, July 17, 2018

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^ "Nine Nominations Sent to the Senate", White House, January 17, 2019

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[whgov_20090914-53] President Obama Nominates Justice Barbara Milano Keenan for United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit, whitehouse.gov (September 14, 2009).

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@@ Line 108: / Line 108: @@
 **[[William F. Jung]]: On April 28, 2016, President Obama nominated Jung to serve as a judge of the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida, to the seat vacated by Judge [[Anne C. Conway]], who took senior status on August 1, 2015. Jung had been previously nominated for the same court by [[George W. Bush]] in 2008, but the nomination was not acted upon by Senate Democrats. For this 2016 nomination the American Bar Association Standing Committee on the Federal Judiciary rated Jung unanimously "Well Qualified."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.americanbar.org/groups/committees/federal_judiciary/ratings.html|title=Ratings|website=www.americanbar.org}}</ref> In spite of this, his nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the 114th Congress.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2016/04/28/presidential-nominations-sent-senate-0|title=Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate|date=28 April 2016|publisher=}}</ref> On December 21, 2017, he was nominated for the court a third time by [[Donald Trump|President Donald Trump]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-ninth-wave-judicial-nominees-tenth-wave-united-states-attorney-nominees/|title=President Donald J. Trump Announces Ninth Wave of Judicial Nominees and Tenth Wave of United States Attorney Nominees|publisher=}}</ref> On February 14, 2018, a hearing on his nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]]<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/02/14/2018/nominations United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Nominations for February 14, 2018]</ref> On March 15, 2018, his nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/03-15-18%20Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – March 15, 2018, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> On September 6, 2018, his nomination was confirmed by [[voice vote]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/1337|title=PN1337 — William F. Jung — The Judiciary|last=|first=|date=December 21, 2017|website=[[United States Senate]]|access-date=September 6, 2018|language=en}}</ref> He received his judicial commission on September 10, 2018.
 *[[United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island]]
-**[[Mary S. McElroy]]: On September 8, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated McElroy to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, to the seat vacated by Judge [[Mary M. Lisi]], who took [[senior status]] on October 1, 2015.<ref name="ReferenceE">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/09/presidential-nominations-sent-senate "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, September 8, 2015]</ref> She received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]] on December 9, 2015.<ref name="judiciary.senate.gov"/> On January 28, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. On April 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate McElroy to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-twelfth-wave-judicial-nominees-twelfth-wave-united-states-attorneys-sixth-wave-united-states-marshals/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Twelfth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Twelfth Wave of United States Attorneys, and Sixth Wave of United States Marshals" White House, April 10, 2018] {{PD-notice}}</ref> She was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge [[Mary M. Lisi]], who assumed [[senior status]] on April 1, 2015. On April 12, 2018 her nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twenty-nine-nominations-sent-senate-today/ "Twenty-Nine Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", The White House, April 12, 2018]</ref> On October 11, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 19–2 vote.<ref name="Meeting1 2018">[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/10-11-18%20Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting1.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – October 11, 2018, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> Her nomination is currently pending before the full [[United States Senate]].
+**[[Mary S. McElroy]]: On September 8, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated McElroy to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island, to the seat vacated by Judge [[Mary M. Lisi]], who took [[senior status]] on October 1, 2015.<ref name="ReferenceE">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2015/09/09/presidential-nominations-sent-senate "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, September 8, 2015]</ref> She received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]] on December 9, 2015.<ref name="judiciary.senate.gov"/> On January 28, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref name="ReferenceB"/> Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. On April 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate McElroy to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Rhode Island.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-twelfth-wave-judicial-nominees-twelfth-wave-united-states-attorneys-sixth-wave-united-states-marshals/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Twelfth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Twelfth Wave of United States Attorneys, and Sixth Wave of United States Marshals" White House, April 10, 2018] {{PD-notice}}</ref> She was nominated to the seat vacated by Judge [[Mary M. Lisi]], who assumed [[senior status]] on April 1, 2015. On April 12, 2018 her nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twenty-nine-nominations-sent-senate-today/ "Twenty-Nine Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", The White House, April 12, 2018]</ref> On October 11, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 19–2 vote.<ref name="Meeting1 2018">[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/10-11-18%20Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting1.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – October 11, 2018, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]]. On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of McElroy to the district court.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-judicial-nominations/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Judicial Nominations", White House, April 8, 2019]</ref> On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twelve-nominations-sent-senate-3/ "Twelve Nominations Sent to the Senate", The White House, May 21, 2019]</ref> Her nomination is currently pending before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].
 *[[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]]
-**[[Gary Richard Brown]]: On July 30, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Brown to serve as a United States District Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]], to the seat vacated by Judge [[Sandra J. Feuerstein]], who assumed [[senior status]] on January 21, 2015.<ref name="whitehouse.gov"/> He received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Judiciary Committee]] on October 21, 2015.<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/nominations-10-21-15 "Nominations", United States Senate Judiciary Committee, October 21, 2015]</ref> On November 5, 2015, his nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%2011-05-15.pdf United States Senate Judiciary Committee: Results of Executive Business Meeting – November 5, 2015]</ref> His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, at the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. In August 2017, Brown was one of several candidates pitched by the White House to U.S. Senators from New York [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] for judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.<ref name="Tillman">{{Cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/zoetillman/the-white-house-has-pitched-a-nominee-for-manhattans |title=The White House Has Pitched A Nominee For Manhattan's Powerful US Attorney Opening |last=Tillman |first=Zoe |date=August 7, 2017 |publisher=[[BuzzFeed]] |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> On May 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate Brown to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]]. On May 15, 2018, his nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. He has been nominated to the seat that was vacated by Judge [[Sandra J. Feuerstein]], who assumed [[senior status]] on January 21, 2015.<ref name="ReferenceF">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/fifteen-nominations-one-withdrawal-sent-senate-today/ "Fifteen Nominations and One Withdrawal Sent to the Senate Today" White House, May 15, 2018]</ref> On September 13, 2018 his nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.<ref name="ReferenceG">[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/09-13-18%20Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – September 13, 2018 Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> His nomination is currently pending before the full [[United States Senate]].
+**[[Gary Richard Brown]]: On July 30, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Brown to serve as a United States District Judge of the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]], to the seat vacated by Judge [[Sandra J. Feuerstein]], who assumed [[senior status]] on January 21, 2015.<ref name="whitehouse.gov"/> He received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Judiciary Committee]] on October 21, 2015.<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/nominations-10-21-15 "Nominations", United States Senate Judiciary Committee, October 21, 2015]</ref> On November 5, 2015, his nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%2011-05-15.pdf United States Senate Judiciary Committee: Results of Executive Business Meeting – November 5, 2015]</ref> His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, at the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. In August 2017, Brown was one of several candidates pitched by the White House to U.S. Senators from New York [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] for judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.<ref name="Tillman">{{Cite web |url=https://www.buzzfeed.com/zoetillman/the-white-house-has-pitched-a-nominee-for-manhattans |title=The White House Has Pitched A Nominee For Manhattan's Powerful US Attorney Opening |last=Tillman |first=Zoe |date=August 7, 2017 |publisher=[[BuzzFeed]] |access-date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> On May 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate Brown to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]]. On May 15, 2018, his nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. He has been nominated to the seat that was vacated by Judge [[Sandra J. Feuerstein]], who assumed [[senior status]] on January 21, 2015.<ref name="ReferenceF">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/fifteen-nominations-one-withdrawal-sent-senate-today/ "Fifteen Nominations and One Withdrawal Sent to the Senate Today" White House, May 15, 2018]</ref> On September 13, 2018 his nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.<ref name="ReferenceG">[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/09-13-18%20Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – September 13, 2018 Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> On January 3, 2019, his nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Drops Obama Picks, N.Y., Calif. Names From Judges List |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-drops-obama-picks-n-y-calif-names-from-judges-list-1 |accessdate=15 February 2019 |publisher=Bloomberg Law |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Brown to the district court.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-judicial-nominations/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Judicial Nominations", White House, April 8, 2019]</ref> On May 21, 2019, his nomination was sent to the Senate.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twelve-nominations-sent-senate-3/ "Twelve Nominations Sent to the Senate", The White House, May 21, 2019]</ref> His nomination is currently pending before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].
-**[[Diane Gujarati]]: On September 13, 2016, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Gujarati to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, to the seat vacated by Judge [[John Gleeson (judge)|John Gleeson]], who resigned on March 9, 2016. Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/13/presidential-nominations-sent-senate-0 "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, September 13, 2015]</ref> In August 2017, Gujarati was one of several candidates pitched to New York senators [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] by the White House as judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.<ref name="Tillman"/> On May 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate Gujarati to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]]. On May 15, 2018, her nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. She was nominated to the seat that was vacated by Judge [[John Gleeson (judge)|John Gleeson]], who resigned on March 6, 2016.<ref name="ReferenceF"/> If she is confirmed, Gujarati will become the first Indian American to serve as an Article III federal judge in New York.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Schuster|first1=Brett|title=NAPABA Applauds Nomination of Diane Gujarati to the U.S. District Court – EDNY|url=https://napaba.site-ym.com/news/news.asp?id=400267|accessdate=29 May 2018|publisher=National Asian Pacific American Bar Association|date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> On August 1, 2018 a hearing on her nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/08/01/2018/nominations United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Nominations for August 1, 2018]</ref> On September 13, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.<ref name="ReferenceG"/> Her nomination is currently pending before the full [[United States Senate]].
+**[[Diane Gujarati]]: On September 13, 2016, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Gujarati to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York, to the seat vacated by Judge [[John Gleeson (judge)|John Gleeson]], who resigned on March 9, 2016. Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2016/09/13/presidential-nominations-sent-senate-0 "Presidential Nominations Sent to the Senate" White House, September 13, 2015]</ref> In August 2017, Gujarati was one of several candidates pitched to New York senators [[Chuck Schumer]] and [[Kirsten Gillibrand]] by the White House as judicial candidates for vacancies on the federal courts in New York.<ref name="Tillman"/> On May 10, 2018, [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to nominate Gujarati to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] for the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York]]. On May 15, 2018, her nomination was sent to the [[United States Senate|Senate]]. She was nominated to the seat that was vacated by Judge [[John Gleeson (judge)|John Gleeson]], who resigned on March 6, 2016.<ref name="ReferenceF"/> If she is confirmed, Gujarati will become the first Indian American to serve as an Article III federal judge in New York.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Schuster|first1=Brett|title=NAPABA Applauds Nomination of Diane Gujarati to the U.S. District Court – EDNY|url=https://napaba.site-ym.com/news/news.asp?id=400267|accessdate=29 May 2018|publisher=National Asian Pacific American Bar Association|date=May 10, 2018}}</ref> On August 1, 2018 a hearing on her nomination was held before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/08/01/2018/nominations United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary: Nominations for August 1, 2018]</ref> On September 13, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 21–0 vote.<ref name="ReferenceG"/> On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Drops Obama Picks, N.Y., Calif. Names From Judges List |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-drops-obama-picks-n-y-calif-names-from-judges-list-1 |accessdate=15 February 2019 |publisher=Bloomberg Law |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Gujarati to the district court.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-judicial-nominations/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Judicial Nominations", White House, April 8, 2019]</ref> On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twelve-nominations-sent-senate-3/ "Twelve Nominations Sent to the Senate", The White House, May 21, 2019]</ref> Her nomination is currently pending before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].
 *[[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]]
-**[[Stephanie A. Gallagher]]: On September 8, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Gallagher to serve as a United States District Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]], to the seat vacated by Judge [[William D. Quarles Jr.]], who took [[senior status]] on February 1, 2016.<ref name="ReferenceE"/> She received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|United States Senate Judiciary Committee]] on April 20, 2016.<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/04/20/2016/nominations Nominations for April 20, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> On May 19, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%2005-19-16%20-%20UPDATED.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – May 19, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. On June 7, 2018 [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to renominate Gallagher to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] of the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-fifteenth-wave-judicial-nominees-fourteenth-wave-united-states-attorney-nominees-ninth-wave-united-states-marshal-nominees/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Fifteenth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Fourteenth Wave of United States Attorney Nominees, and Ninth Wave of United States Marshal Nominees" White House, June 7, 2018] {{PD-notice}}</ref> On June 11, 2018, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Gallagher to the same seat.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/seventeen-nominations-sent-senate-today-3/ "Seventeen Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", White House, June 11, 2018]</ref> On October 11, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 20–1 vote.<ref name="Meeting1 2018"/> Her nomination is currently pending before the full [[United States Senate]].
+**[[Stephanie A. Gallagher]]: On September 8, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Gallagher to serve as a United States District Judge of the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]], to the seat vacated by Judge [[William D. Quarles Jr.]], who took [[senior status]] on February 1, 2016.<ref name="ReferenceE"/> She received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|United States Senate Judiciary Committee]] on April 20, 2016.<ref>[http://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/04/20/2016/nominations Nominations for April 20, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> On May 19, 2016 her nomination was reported out of committee by [[voice vote]].<ref>[https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Results%20of%20Executive%20Business%20Meeting%2005-19-16%20-%20UPDATED.pdf Results of Executive Business Meeting – May 19, 2016, Senate Judiciary Committee]</ref> Her nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. On June 7, 2018 [[Donald Trump|President Trump]] announced his intent to renominate Gallagher to serve as a [[United States federal judge|United States District Judge]] of the [[United States District Court for the District of Maryland]].<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-fifteenth-wave-judicial-nominees-fourteenth-wave-united-states-attorney-nominees-ninth-wave-united-states-marshal-nominees/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Fifteenth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Fourteenth Wave of United States Attorney Nominees, and Ninth Wave of United States Marshal Nominees" White House, June 7, 2018] {{PD-notice}}</ref> On June 11, 2018, her nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump nominated Gallagher to the same seat.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/seventeen-nominations-sent-senate-today-3/ "Seventeen Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", White House, June 11, 2018]</ref> On October 11, 2018 her nomination was reported out of committee by a 20–1 vote.<ref name="Meeting1 2018"/> On January 3, 2019, her nomination was returned to the President under [[Standing Rules of the United States Senate, Rule XXXI|Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6]] of the [[United States Senate]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Trump Drops Obama Picks, N.Y., Calif. Names From Judges List |url=https://news.bloomberglaw.com/us-law-week/trump-drops-obama-picks-n-y-calif-names-from-judges-list-1 |accessdate=15 February 2019 |publisher=Bloomberg Law |date=January 23, 2019}}</ref> On April 8, 2019, President Trump announced the renomination of Gallagher to the district court.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-judicial-nominations/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Judicial Nominations", White House, April 8, 2019]</ref> On May 21, 2019, her nomination was sent to the Senate.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/twelve-nominations-sent-senate-3/ "Twelve Nominations Sent to the Senate", The White House, May 21, 2019]</ref> Her nomination is currently pending before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].
 *[[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania]]
 **[[John Milton Younge]]: On July 30, 2015, [[Barack Obama|President Obama]] nominated Judge Younge to serve as a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, to the seat vacated by Judge [[Mary A. McLaughlin]], who assumed [[senior status]] on November 18, 2013.<ref name="whitehouse.gov"/> He received a hearing before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]] on December 9, 2015.<ref name="judiciary.senate.gov"/> His nomination expired on January 3, 2017, with the end of the [[114th United States Congress|114th Congress]]. On July 13, 2018 President [[Donald Trump]] announced his intent to nominate Younge to a seat on the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania]].<ref name="WHBio">[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/president-donald-j-trump-announces-sixteenth-wave-judicial-nominees-sixteenth-wave-united-states-attorney-nominees-eleventh-wave-united-states-marshal-nominees/ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Sixteenth Wave of Judicial Nominees, Sixteenth Wave of United States Attorney Nominees, and Eleventh Wave of United States Marshal Nominees" White House, July 13, 2018] {{PD-notice}}</ref> On July 17, 2018, his nomination was sent to the Senate. President Trump re-nominated Younge for the same seat.<ref>[https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/ten-nominations-sent-senate-today-4/ "Ten Nominations Sent to the Senate Today", White House, July 17, 2018]</ref> His nomination is currently pending before the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]].

Revision as of 02:44, 22 May 2019

Failed Supreme Court nomination

List of failed, stalled or filibustered appellate nominees

Failed nominees

Successfully appointed nominees

List of failed, stalled or filibustered district court nominees

Failed nominees

Successfully appointed nominees

Effects of vacancies

Nominations that were made at the end of Obama's term and later renominated

See also

References