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{{main|Christchurch mosque shootings}}
{{main|Christchurch mosque shootings}}
Australia-born far-right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at [[Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch|Al Noor Mosque]] and [[Linwood Islamic Centre]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], killing 51 people and injuring 50 more. Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far-right organizations, the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online, and repeatedly praised [[Blair Cottrell]], a neo-Nazi and former leader of the UPF, affectionately calling him "Emperor Blair Cottrell" during a celebration of [[Donald Trump]] being elected as [[President of the United States]] in 2016; he also donated money to the UPF.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Begley |first1=Patrick |title=Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/threats-from-white-extremist-group-that-tried-to-recruit-tarrant-20190501-p51j5w.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Nine |accessdate=7 May 2019|date=2 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mann|first1=Alex|last2=Nguyen|first2=Kevin|last3=Gregory|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-23/christchurch-shooting-accused-praised-blair-cottrell/10930632|title=Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Nguyen|first1=Kevin|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-10/brenton-tarrant-alleged-christchurch-shooter-sent-death-threat/10952876|title=Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=9 April 2019}}</ref>
Australia-born far-right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at [[Al Noor Mosque, Christchurch|Al Noor Mosque]] and [[Linwood Islamic Centre]] in [[Christchurch]], [[New Zealand]], killing 51 people and injuring 50 more. Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far-right organizations, the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online, and repeatedly praised [[Blair Cottrell]], a neo-Nazi and former leader of the UPF, affectionately calling him "Emperor Blair Cottrell" during a celebration of [[Donald Trump]] being elected as [[President of the United States]] in 2016; he also donated money to the UPF.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Begley |first1=Patrick |title=Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant' |url=https://www.smh.com.au/national/threats-from-white-extremist-group-that-tried-to-recruit-tarrant-20190501-p51j5w.html |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |publisher=Nine |accessdate=7 May 2019|date=2 May 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Mann|first1=Alex|last2=Nguyen|first2=Kevin|last3=Gregory|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-03-23/christchurch-shooting-accused-praised-blair-cottrell/10930632|title=Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=23 March 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Nguyen|first1=Kevin|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-04-10/brenton-tarrant-alleged-christchurch-shooter-sent-death-threat/10952876|title=Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack|website=ABC News (Australia)|access-date=14 June 2019|date=9 April 2019}}</ref>
====National Socialist Network====
Since 2020, National Socialist Network (NSN) is a self preclaimed [[National Socialist]] group that mainly is based in Melbourne, it has also been reported to have expended to Brisbane. On its official website, the group describes itself as one made up of people of European blood dedicated to disseminating the National Socialist worldview among the Australian public and increasing racial-consciousness among [[White Australians]].
The group is known for posting stickers at Universities and in public places, as well as of their members doing their Heil Hitler salutes. <ref>https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/government-urged-to-check-resurgence-of-neo-nazi-group-in-brisbane-20200529-p54xrh.html</ref><ref>https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/2020/07/05/neo-nazis-swinburne-university/</ref><ref>https://7news.com.au/news/vic/melbournes-swinburne-university-condemns-abhorrent-white-supremacists-photo-c-1147327</ref><ref>https://www.newdelhitimes.com/neo-nazi-group-spread-fangs-across-australia/</ref>


==Australian far-right figures==
==Australian far-right figures==

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Far-right politics in Australia began in

authoritarian in nature. Early far-right groups were followed by the explicitly fascist Australia First Movement (1941). The far right in Australia went on to acquire more explicitly racial connotations during the 1960s and 1970s, morphing into self-proclaimed Nazi, fascist and anti-Semitic movements, organisations that opposed non-white and non-Christian immigration, such as the neo-Nazi National Socialist Party of Australia (1967) and the militant white supremacist group National Action (Australia)
(1982).

Since the 1980s, the term has mainly been used to describe those who express the wish to preserve what they perceive to be

neo-Fascist or alt-right groups such as the True Blue Crew, the United Patriots Front, Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party and the Antipodean Resistance
.

History

1930s to 1960s

The New Guard (1930s)

Main article: New Guard
Captain de Groot declares the Sydney Harbour Bridge open in March 1932.

The Australian far right rose out of the

Sir Charles Kingsford Smith[1] and former Mayor of North Sydney Hubert Primrose.[2][3]

The New Guard was a paramilitary organisation with its members being well armed and receiving military training. The New Guard under Campbell orchestrated a number of operations, including strike breaking, attacking Labor Party members and "Communist" meetings; they also demanded the deportation of Communists.[4][5][6] During the initial growth of the movement, Campbell was able to attract many ex-soldiers and ex-commanders to the movement[7]

The New Guard saw the Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang as an immediate threat. The organisation attracted great publicity when member Francis de Groot, on horseback and at Campbell's direction, upstaged Lang in cutting the ribbon at the opening ceremony of the Sydney Harbour Bridge in protest at the latter's anti-monarchist ideology.[8][9]

After Lang's dismissal in May 1932 the New Guard's membership declined rapidly.

The Centre Party

Main article: Centre Party (New South Wales)
Colonel Eric Campbell, 1931

The Centre Party was a fascist party formed following Lang's dismissal and the demise of the New Guard. Campbell met with European fascists and National Socialists such as

Sir Oswald Mosley and Joachim von Ribbentrop. In December 1933 Campbell established the Centre Party, repositioning the remnants of the New Guard away from paramilitary activities and into electoral politics.[10]

The Centre Party contested the May 1935 New South Wales state election, polling at 0.60 percent of the total vote.[11] Following the party's poor showing at the election Campbell withdrew from public life.

Australia First Movement

Main article: Australia First Movement

The Australia First Movement was a short-lived Australian

Adela Pankhurst, of the famous suffragette family, was arrested and interned in 1942 for her advocacy of peace with Japan.[13]

The group was

Italy and Japan
.

Australian League of Rights

Main article: Australian League of Rights

The Australian League of Rights is a fascist and anti-Semitic political organisation. It was founded in

Social Credit expounded by C. H. Douglas.[15]
The League describes itself as upholding the values of "loyalty to God, Queen and Country".

In 1972 Butler created an umbrella group, the Crown Commonwealth League of Rights, to represent the four groups; it also served as a chapter of the World League for Freedom and Democracy.[16]

1960s to 2000s

Australians Against Further Immigration

Main article: Australians Against Further Immigration

Australians Against Further Immigration (AAFI) was an Australian

anti-immigration political party which described itself as "eco-nationalist" and was against positive net immigration. The party was founded in 1989 and dissolved in 2008. The party was deregistered by the Australian Electoral Commission in December 2005, because it was lacking the minimum 500 members required to be registered as a political party.[17]

Australian National Socialist Party

Main article: Australian National Socialist Party

The Australian National Socialist Party (ANSP) was a minor Australian

neo-Nazi party. The party was founded in 1962 by University of Adelaide physics student Ted Cawthron and Sydney council worker Don Lindsay. The group was anti-communist, and supported the White Australia policy and the total annexation of New Guinea.[18][19]

On 26 June 1964, the party's headquarters were raided by police. Smith and four other party members were arrested and convicted of possessing unlicensed firearms and explosives and possession of stolen goods. By 1967 the remnants of the party had joined the newly formed National Socialist Party of Australia.[19]

National Socialist Party of Australia

Main article: National Socialist Party of Australia
Jim Saleam, 2013

The National Socialist Party of Australia (NSPA) was a minor Australian

neo-Nazi party formed in 1967 by former ANSP leader Ted Cawthron. In May 1968, the ANSP merged into the NSPA, and Cawthron and Frank Molnar attempted to distance themselves and the party from the "jackbooted 'Nazi' image" associated with the ANSP.[20]

In early 1970, Cawthron contested the May 1970 ACT by-election, making him the first National Socialist in Australia to run for public office. The party also made a number of unsuccessful runs for the Senate.[21][22]

Jim Saleam was made deputy leader of the party between 1972 and 1975. Saleam became a prominent figure in far-right politics, going on to found National Action in 1982 and the Australia First Party 1996.[19]

National Action

Main article: National Action (Australia)

National Action was a militant

white supremacist group founded on Anzac Day, 1982 by the former deputy leader of the National Socialist Party of Australia, Jim Saleam and former neo-Nazi David Greason.[23][24]

In 1989, Saleam was convicted of being an

accessory before the fact in regard to organising the attempted assassination of African National Congress representative Eddie Funde. Saleam claimed to have been set up by police.[23][25]

In 1991, the group was disbanded following the murder of a member, Wayne "Bovver" Smith, in the group's headquarters in the Sydney suburb of Tempe.[23] Following the murder of Smith, Saleam became NSW chairman of Australia First Party.[23]

Australian Nationalist Movement

The Australian Nationalist Movement (ANM), also known as the Australian Nationalist Worker's Union (ANWU), was a

extreme right-wing group founded and lead by Peter Joseph "Jack" van Tongeren
.

In 1987, Van Tongeren distributed 400,000 racist posters around Perth. The posters bore phrases such as "No Asians", "White Revolution The Only Solution", "Coloured Immigration: Trickle Is Now A Flood" and "Asians Out Or Racial War". Van Tongeren is a

holocaust denier.[26][27]

In 1989, Van Tongeren staged a series of racially motivated arson attacks, targeting businesses owned by Asian Australians. Van Tongeren served thirteen years in prison for his crimes. In the late 1980s it was revealed that his father was Javanese, making him of Indonesian ancestry. He resumed anti-Asian activities upon his release in 2002 leading to further convictions in 2006.[28]

In 1989, two ANM members murdered police informant David Locke. The murder trial of the two men eventually lead to Van Tongeren being found guilty of 53 crimes and sentenced to 18 years. The two men who murdered David Locke received life sentences.[29][30][31][32][33]

On being released from jail in 2002, Van Tongeren expressed no remorse. In February 2004 three Chinese restaurants, synagogues and Asian-owned businesses where firebombed, plastered with posters and daubed with swastikas. Western Australian police launched "Operation Atlantic" in response to the attacks, leading to the arrest of five men involved in the attacks. The police also identified a plot to harm WA Attorney-General Jim McGinty and his family, among others.[34][35][36]

In August 2004, Van Tongeren and his co-accused Matthew Billing were found and arrested in the Boddington area south-east of Perth. Both men once again faced the courts over the 2004 arson plots.[37] During a hearing on 2 November, Van Tongeren collapsed, was taken to hospital, and later used a wheelchair. Van Tongeren was released from jail on the condition that he leave Western Australia. He currently resides in the eastern states. In 2007 the ANM/ANWU was reported to have been disbanded.[38][39] Van Tongeren has been a member of a number of far-right extremist groups including National Action (Australia) and the Australia First Movement.[26][40][41][42]

Citizens Electoral Council of Australia

Main article:
Citizens Electoral Council of Australia

Founded in 1988, The Citizens Electoral Council of Australia (CEC) is a minor political party in Australia affiliated with the international

LaRouche Movement which was led by American political activist Lyndon LaRouche. The group has been accused, by B'nai B'rith, of being anti-Semitic, anti-gay, anti-Aboriginal and racist. The document cites CEC publications and quotes former CEC members.[43][44]

The group has been accused of "brainwashing" members and engaging in campaigns involving "dirty tricks".[45]

2000s onward

Antipodean Resistance

Main article: Antipodean Resistance

Antipodean Resistance (AR) is an Australian neo-Nazi group. Formed in October 2016, the group's flag features a swastika. The group's logo features the black sun and Totenkopf (skull head) with an Akubra hat, a laurel wreath and a swastika.[46]

Antipodean Resistance promotes and incites hatred and violence, as illustrated in its

anti-Jewish and anti-homosexual posters, with graphic images of shooting Jews and homosexuals in the head. One poster called to "Legalise the execution of Jews."[47][48][49]

In 2017, it was reported that ASIO, the Australian national security organisation, was monitoring the group, who were "willing to use violence to further their own interests."[50]

Australian Coalition of Nationalists

Formed in October 2016, Australian Coalition of Nationalists (ACON) is a far right coalition that includes the Australia First Party, Australian Protectionist Party, Nationalist Alternative, the Eureka Youth League and the Hellenic Nationalists of Australia (Australian branch of

Golden Dawn
).

Australian Defence League

Main article: Australian Defence League

The Australian Defence League (ADL) is a neo-Nazi

recidivist criminal Ralph Cerminara. Cerminara has a significant criminal record, including convictions for assault, high-range drink-driving and breaching apprehended violence orders.[51][52]

Australian Protectionist Party

Main article: Australian Protectionist Party

The Australian Protectionist Party (also known as the Party For Freedom) is a minor far-right

Sharia law being implemented in Australia. The party has unsuccessfully contested a number of elections, failing to secure more than 1% of the vote in any election it has contested.[53]

Australia First Party

Main article:
Australia First Party (NSW) Incorporated

The Australia First Party (AFP) is a militant

white supremacist political party founded in 1996 by Graeme Campbell and currently led by Jim Saleam. The party stands on a nationalist, anti-multicultural and economic protectionist platform. The Party's current platform includes the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.[24][54][55][56][57]

Campbell was Australia First's leader until June 2001, when he left the party to stand as a One Nation

Patriotic Youth League. The party contested the 2010 federal election, the 2013 federal election, the 2016 federal election, the 2017 Cootamundra state by-election, the 2018 Longman by-election, and the 2019 New South Wales state election, but failed to poll at more than 2% on any occasion.[58] Saleam's platform included the reintroduction of the White Australia policy and opposition to Chinese immigration.[57]

On 20 March 2019, Australia First member Nathan Sykes was charged with at least eight offenses relating to threats he made to a number journalists.[59]

The Dingoes

The Dingoes are an Australian

Victoria Beer with the caption "Hold still while I glass you", were used by the Australian perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings.[60]

Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party

Main article: Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party

Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party is a

white nationalist party[61] founded by Fraser Anning in April 2019, when he was a senator for Queensland. Anning had previously been a senator for Pauline Hanson's One Nation and Katter's Australian Party, and sat as an independent before founding the new party. The party contested the 2019 federal election, but failed to win a seat.[62]

Hellenic Nationalists of Australia

Hellenic Nationalists of Australia (HNA) is the Australian branch of the

Golden Dawn
. In December 2015, Hellenic Nationalists of Australia registered in NSW as an incorporated association. AFP leader, Jim Saleam has been involved with the group.

Lads Society

Antifascist
poster protesting the presence of Lads Society in Ashfield
Main article: Lads Society

The Lads Society is a

SS helmet.[63] In 2017, the group's leader Thomas Sewell approached the perpetrator of the Christchurch mosque shootings, Brenton Harrison Tarrant, asking him to join the Lads Society, but Tarrant refused.[64] The group's members and allies attempted to infiltrate the Young Nationals in NSW, and engaged in branch stacking at the May 2018 conference. Lads Society members attained leadership positions in the Young Nationals, but were later forced out of the party.[65] White nationalists Lauren Southern and Stefan Molyneux of Canada
met with Lads Society members during their trip to Australia.

The New Guard (2010s)

The New Guard (not be confused with the 1930s Australian authoritarian group of the same name) is a neo-fascist, neo-Nazi alt-right group whose members have called for the extermination of non-whites and Jews and describe themselves as "fascist". The group has quoted the neo-Nazi slogan "Fourteen Words" by terrorist David Lane of The Order/Bruder Schweigen, and published a manifesto for its plans to get into mainstream politics in Australia. An investigation by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation revealed that three members of the group had infiltrated the New South Wales National Party branch of its youth wing Young Nationals. Shortly after this discovery the National Party suspended the membership of the three men. The group has overlap with the Lads Society, with members attending a meeting of the former group.[66]

Patriotic Youth League

Main article:
Patriotic Youth League

The Patriotic Youth League (PLY) is a neo-Nazi micro group and the youth-wing of the Australia First Party, founded in 2002 by former One Nation activist Stuart McBeth[67][68]

Proud Boys

Main article: Proud Boys

Proud Boys is a far-right "Western chauvinist" men's group, which has been categorized by the

FBI as "an extremist group with ties to white nationalism". Founded by former Vice Media founder, the Canadian Gavin McInnes, the group has a branch in Australia. McInnes planned to visit the country in late 2018, but was denied a visa after failing the character test. More than 80,000 Australians signed a petition urging the government to block McInnes from entering the country because of his extreme views.[69][70]

Q Society of Australia

Main article: Q Society of Australia

The Q Society of Australia is a far-right, homophobic and

Islamophobic organisation that opposes Muslim immigration and the presence of Muslims in Australian society. Founded in 2010, Q Society refers to itself as "Australia's leading Islam-critical organisation" and has stated that its purpose is to fight against the "Islamisation of Australia". The group's events have featured extreme homophobia and Islamophobia.[71]

Reclaim Australia

Main article: Reclaim Australia
Reclaim Australia rally, Sydney, April 2015

Formed in 2015, Reclaim Australia is a loosely associated far-right Australian nationalist protest group which draws support from nationalists, white supremacists, neo-Nazis and other far-right groups, which is primarily focused on opposing Islam. The group holds street rallies and often faces counter-protests from trade unions, human rights and anti-racism activists. The Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO), says that it monitors the group because of its potential for violence.[72]

Rise Up Australia Party

Main article: Rise Up Australia Party

The Rise Up Australia Party is a far-right, Christian political party. The party's policy platform is focused on nationalist and

fundamentalist Christian values.[73] It is opposed to Islam in Australia and opposes same-sex marriage. Its slogan is "Keep Australia Australian". The party was founded and is led by Pentecostal minister Danny Nalliah, who is also the president of Catch the Fire Ministries. The party opposes multiculturalism, wants to preserve Australia's "Judeo-Christian heritage", has called for cuts to Muslim immigration, and advocates freedom of speech and freedom of religion.[74]

Soldiers of Odin

Main article: Soldiers of Odin

Soldiers of Odin (SOO) is a neo-Nazi group founded in

Bourke Street Mall.[75]

True Blue Crew

Main article: True Blue Crew

The True Blue Crew (TBC) is an Australian militant white supremacist group.[76] Members and supporters have been linked to right-wing terrorism and vigilantism, and members have been arrested with weapons and on terrorism-related charges. Experts who have studied the group say it appears to be "committed to violence".[77] The True Blue Crew was formed in 2015 as a splinter group from the anti-Islamic Reclaim Australia group, along with a number of small far-right nationalist groups such as the United Patriots Front.[78]

In December 2019 a member of True Blue Crew, Phillip Galea, was convicted of terrorism charges relating to planned bombings of the Victorian Trades Hall and other left wing organisations in Melbourne.[79]

United Patriots Front

Main article: United Patriots Front

The United Patriots Front (UPF) was a far-right extremist group whose membership was composed of neo-Nazis and fundamentalist Christians.

Golden Dawn.[82] The group was disbanded in 2017. The UPF's leaders went on to form a new, more explicitly White nationalist group, the Lads Society
later that same year.

Yellow Vest Australia

Main article: Yellow Vest Australia

Yellow Vest Australia (YVA), formerly known as the Australian Liberty Alliance (ALA), is a minor political party in Australia, with Debbie Robinson as party president. The party is the political wing of Q Society. Founded in 2015, the party is anti-Islamic, with policies focusing on Muslim immigration such as enforcing "integration over separation", replacing multiculturalism with an integrated multi-ethnic society and stopping public funding for "associations formed around foreign nationalities". They have vowed to "stop the Islamisation of Australia".[83]

Christchurch mosque shootings

Main article: Christchurch mosque shootings

Australia-born far-right terrorist Brenton Harrison Tarrant committed the March 2019 mosque shootings at Al Noor Mosque and Linwood Islamic Centre in Christchurch, New Zealand, killing 51 people and injuring 50 more. Tarrant had expressed support for two Australian far-right organizations, the United Patriots Front and the True Blue Crew online, and repeatedly praised Blair Cottrell, a neo-Nazi and former leader of the UPF, affectionately calling him "Emperor Blair Cottrell" during a celebration of Donald Trump being elected as President of the United States in 2016; he also donated money to the UPF.[84][85][86]

National Socialist Network

Since 2020, National Socialist Network (NSN) is a self preclaimed

National Socialist group that mainly is based in Melbourne, it has also been reported to have expended to Brisbane. On its official website, the group describes itself as one made up of people of European blood dedicated to disseminating the National Socialist worldview among the Australian public and increasing racial-consciousness among White Australians
. The group is known for posting stickers at Universities and in public places, as well as of their members doing their Heil Hitler salutes. [87][88][89][90]

Australian far-right figures

  • Fraser Anning, former Queensland Senator, former One Nation member and founder of Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party.
  • Eric Campbell (political activist) Chief Commander of the New Guard, Leader of the Centre Party
  • Graeme Campbell Former Labor and One Nation member, founder of Australia First Party
  • Ralph Cerminara, founder of Australian Defence League
  • Blair Cottrell, founding member of United Patriots Front, Lads Society, provides security for Fraser Anning
  • Neil Erikson, founding member of United Patriots Front, Lads Society, provides security for Fraser Anning
  • Pauline Hanson, founder of One Nation. Graeme Campbell, Stuart McBeth, Jim Saleam and Fraser Anning are all former members of One Nation.[91]
  • George Hodges Knox, former Nationalist Party, United Australia Party and Liberal Party member, Deputy Chief Commander of the New Guard
  • Danny Nalliah, founder and leader of Rise Up Australia
  • Debbie Robinson, founder and leader of Yellow Vest Australia and director of Q Society Inc.
  • Jim Saleam, founder of National Action, former National Socialist Party of Australia and One Nation member, leader of Australia First Party
  • Jack van Tongeren, founder of the Australian Nationalist Movement
  • Avi Yemini, follower of Haredi Judaism, former Israeli soldier – associated with the UPF and Lads Society
  • Brenton Harrison Tarrant, white nationalist neo-fascist far-right terrorist responsible for the Christchurch mosque shootings in Christchurch, New Zealand.

See also

References

  1. ^ Howard, Frederick. Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward (1897–1935). Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  2. ^ Moore, Andrew. Primrose, Hubert Leslie (1880–1942). Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "New Guard Movement, 1931–35". National Archives of Australia. Federal Australian Government. Retrieved 24 April 2019.
  4. ^ Sparrow, Jeff. "If you oppose Reclaim Australia, remember fascism wasn't always a freakshow". The Guardian. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  5. ISBN 978-0869140772
    .
  6. ^ Abridged list of sources that describe the New Guard as a paramilitary organisation:
  7. ^ "1932 Starvation Debenture". The NSW Migration Heritage Centre at the Powerhouse Museum. New South Wales Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  8. ^ Campbell, Nerida (16 August 2018). "Unfurling Sydney's radical past". Justice & Police Museum. NSW State Government. Retrieved 23 April 2019.
  9. ^ Howard, Frederick. Kingsford Smith, Sir Charles Edward (1897–1935). Australian National University. Retrieved 23 April 2019. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  10. ^ (5 December 1933). "NEW PARTY: ADJUNCT OF NEW GUARD" – The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  11. ^ Green, Antony. "1935 Election Totals: Overall Election Results". New South Wales Election Results 1856-2007. Parliament of New South Wales. Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  12. ^ "Australia First Movement – Fact sheet 28".
  13. ^ Hogan, Susan. "Pankhurst, Adela Constantia (1885–1961)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University.
  14. ^ "Australia First Movement". Trove. 20 June 1944. Retrieved 9 February 2015.
  15. ISBN 978-0-868-88222-2
    .
  16. ISBN 978-0-195-53512-9
    .
  17. ^ "Media Release 2006: Deregistration of Australians Against Further Immigration". Australian Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 September 2011.
  18. ^ "A brief history of Nazism in Australia - ABC News". www.abc.net.au. 16 January 2019.
  19. ^
    ISBN 0207124159
    .
  20. JSTOR 27516076
    .
  21. ^ "Historic Glebe mansion Lyndhurst, once Australia's Nazi Party headquarters, on market for $7.5m". NewsComAu. 9 May 2016.
  22. doi:10.1080/00323267308401333
    .
  23. ^ a b c d West, Andrew (29 February 2004). "No Apology For White Australia Policy". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  24. ^ a b Greason, David (1994), I was a teenage fascist, pp.283,284,289, McPhee Gribble
  25. ^ West, Andrew (29 February 2004). "White separatist takes on Marrickville". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  26. ^ a b Saleam, James (1999). The Other Radicalism: An Inquiry into Contemporary Australian Extreme Right Ideology, Politics and Organization 1975–1995 (PDF) (Thesis). Sydney: University of Sydney.
  27. ^ "Hill Calls For Report on Anti-Racism Law". The West Australian. 5 August 1987.
  28. ^ "Anti-Asian Crusader on Dole". The West Australian. 12 August 1987. p. 1.
  29. ^ "WA judge aborts alleged neo-Nazi trial over public prejudice fears". The Canberra Times. 13 June 1990. p. 3.
  30. ^ Judge D. Hammond, Sentencing of Jack Van Tongeren, 20 September 1990, p. 68
  31. ^ "Skinhead Jailed for Gang Raid on House". The West Australian. 13 July 1989.
  32. ^ Gibson, Roy (22 September 1990). "Operation Jackhammer". The West Australian.
  33. ^ "Publicity should not affect verdict, jury told". The Canberra Times. 15 June 1990. p. 12.
  34. ^ Van Tongeren's crimes:
  35. ^ Nolan, Tanya (2 February 2004). "Racist attacks against Perth restaurants". ABC (Transcript from AM radio program).
  36. ^ "White supremacist appears in court". The Age. 8 August 2004.
  37. ^ David, Weber (6 August 2004). "WA police arrest white supremacist leader". ABC (Transcript from PM radio program).
  38. ^ "Supremacist leader in court" The Age. AAP. 7 August 2004. Retrieved 10 March 2015
  39. ^ "Notorious anti-Asian hate movement bites the dust". Crikey. 28 May 2007.
  40. ^ van Tongeren, Stella (20 October 1990). "The Making of a Racist". The Age Saturday Extra. pp. 1, 6.
  41. ISBN 1876067055
    .
  42. ^ van Tongeren, Jack. The ANM Story. True Blue Aussie Underground. pp. 67–72.
  43. ^ The LaRouche Cult: The Citizens Electoral Council (PDF), B'nai B'rith Anti-Defamation Commission Inc., 2001
  44. ^ "AJN | Latest Nicotine News". www.ajn.com.au. Archived from the original on 3 October 2007.
  45. ^ Jana Wendt (3 October 2004). "On the fringe". nineMSN. Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 12 November 2010.
  46. ^ Martinich, Rex (6 October 2017). "Neo-Nazi Grampians camp used for recruitment". The Stawell Times-News. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  47. ^ Nathan, Julie. "Antipodean Resistance: The Rise and Goals of Australia's New Nazis". ABC News=.
  48. ^ Faithfull, Eden (20 April 2017). "White Supremacist Neo-Nazi Propaganda Found on Sydney University Campus". usu.edu.au. University of Sydney Union. Archived from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  49. Australian Jewish News. Archived
    from the original on 5 September 2017. Retrieved 5 September 2017.
  50. ^ Houghton, Jack (7 September 2017). "ASIO tracking Neo-Nazi group 'willing to use violence'". The Northern Star. Retrieved 15 September 2017.
  51. ^ White, Alex. "The pro-white gangs spreading race hate across Australia". Herald Sun. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  52. ^ Thompson, Angus (20 March 2019). "Ex-head of Australian right-wing group posted anti-Islamic material online in breach of court order". The Sydney Morning Herals. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  53. ^ Australian Protectionist Party:
  54. ^ "Racist pamphlet targets Africans – National". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 August 2007. Archived from the original on 6 July 2010. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  55. ^ "The Programme of the Australia First Party". Australia First Party. Retrieved 16 February 2006. [dead link]
  56. ^ "The Eight Core Policies of the Australia First Party". Australia First Party. Retrieved 11 May 2019.
  57. ^ a b Fellner, Carrie (22 March 2019). "Right wing extremist makes election bid in sleepy NSW 'cherry capital'". Retrieved 23 June 2019.
  58. ^ Election results:
  59. ^ McKenzie, Nick; Baker, Richard (22 March 2019). "Police swoop on right-wing troll over alleged violent threats". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 23 March 2019.
  60. ^ The Dingoes
  61. ^ Anning far-right:
  62. ^ "Registration of a political party Fraser Anning's Conservative National Party" (PDF). Australian Electoral Commission. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 April 2019. Retrieved 3 April 2019.
  63. ^ a b Campion, Kristy (April 2019). "A 'Lunatic Fringe'? The Persistence of Right Wing Extremism in Australia". Perspectives on Terrorism. 13 (2): 12–13. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  64. ^ Begley, Patrick (May 2019). "Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  65. ^ Koziol, Michael (31 October 2018). "Nationals members resign en masse amid investigation into neo-Nazi ties". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  66. ^ Mann, Alex (13 October 2018). "Manifesto reveals alt-right's plans to go mainstream after 'infiltration' of NSW Young Nationals". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  67. ^ "Neo-Nazi link to campus anti-foreigner campaign". The Sydney Morning Herald. 2 December 2004. Retrieved 1 July 2010.
  68. ^ Adam Bennett (19 December 2004). "Race hate group unstuck". Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  69. ^ "Proud Boys Founder Gavin McInnes Blocked From Entering Australia". The Daily Beast. 30 November 2018. Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  70. ^ "Proud Boys Australia – Proud Western Chauvinists Who Refuse to Apologize for the Creation of the Modern World". Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  71. ^ Q-Society:
  72. ^ Reclaim Australia:
  73. ^ Layt, Stuart (24 April 2019). "'Confronting' Queensland Senate ticket sees far-right on far-left". The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 27 April 2019.
  74. ^ "Rise Up Australia » Manifesto". Riseupaustraliaparty.com. 20 June 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  75. ^ Soldiers of Odin:
  76. ^ Smee, Ben. "'Quite frightening': the far-right fringe of the election campaign is mobilising". The Guardian. Retrieved 4 May 2019.
  77. ^ Liam Mannix; Nino Bucci. "Dutton Turnbull Legitimising Anti Immigrant Vigilantes Say Experts". The Age. Retrieved 19 March 2017.
  78. ISBN 978-1-317-28917-3
    .
  79. ^ Percy, court reporter Karen; staff (5 December 2019). "Far-right Australian terror conviction 'a canary in the coalmine', union leader warns". ABC News. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
  80. ISBN 978-0190274573
    .
  81. ^ Neo Nazi refs:
  82. ^
  83. ^ "australianlibertyalliance". australianlibertyalliance.org.au. Retrieved 8 November 2018.
  84. ^ Begley, Patrick (2 May 2019). "Threats from white extremist group that 'tried to recruit Tarrant'". The Sydney Morning Herald. Nine. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  85. ^ Mann, Alex; Nguyen, Kevin; Gregory (23 March 2019). "Christchurch shooting accused Brenton Tarrant supports Australian far-right figure Blair Cottrell". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  86. ^ Nguyen, Kevin (9 April 2019). "Christchurch shooter Brenton Tarrant sent death threat two years before attack". ABC News (Australia). Retrieved 14 June 2019.
  87. ^ https://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/queensland/government-urged-to-check-resurgence-of-neo-nazi-group-in-brisbane-20200529-p54xrh.html
  88. ^ https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/2020/07/05/neo-nazis-swinburne-university/
  89. ^ https://7news.com.au/news/vic/melbournes-swinburne-university-condemns-abhorrent-white-supremacists-photo-c-1147327
  90. ^ https://www.newdelhitimes.com/neo-nazi-group-spread-fangs-across-australia/
  91. ^ Hanson and One Nation described as far-right:

Further reading

  • Fleming, Andy; Mondon, Aurelien (2018). "The Radical Right in Australia". In Rydgren, Jens (ed.). The Oxford Handbook of the Radical Right. Oxford University Press.
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