St Catherine's Castle
St Catherine's Castle | |
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Second World War
| |
Listed Building – Grade II* | |
Official name | St Catherine's Castle |
Designated | 11 March 1974 |
Reference no. | 1218875 |
St Catherine's Castle (
History
Construction
St Catherine's Castle was built as a consequence of the international tensions between England,
In 1533, Henry broke with Pope
In response to this situation, a small, D-shaped stone fortification was built to protect
Construction work began on the castle at some point between 1538 and 1540, under the direction of a member of the local Cornish gentry,
Later use
St Catherine's Castle remained in use for many years.
After the Crimean War broke out in 1853, fresh concerns of invasion were raised and the coastline was refortified.[12] The castle was redeveloped as part of this work in 1855, and two new gun positions built around the old blockhouse.[15] In 1887, the castle was equipped with 64-pound (29 kg) rifled, muzzle-loading artillery pieces, supported by volunteer forces and used for training purposes, but the weaponry became obsolete and the site had fallen out of use again by the end of the century.[12]
The castle was brought back into use in the
In the 21st century, the castle is operated by the heritage organisation English Heritage as a tourist attraction and is protected under UK law as a Grade II* listed building and scheduled monument.[19]
Architecture
The 16th century blockhouse is a two-storey, D-shaped design, 5 by 4.4 metres (16 by 14 ft) internally, with walls of
The blockhouse overlooks the sea and the estuary from its position on a rocky outcrop.
A flat-roofed magazine was cut out of the rock just below the blockhouse in the 19th century, and a gun platform with two circular recesses for gun carriage rails was constructed, protected by a granite parapet.[15] The curtain wall was reworked in this period and marked by plaques labelled "WD 1855". The recesses and marks from the additional defences in the Second War can still be seen in places along the gun platform.[15]
References
- ^ Thompson 1987, p. 111; Hale 1983, p. 63
- ^ King 1991, pp. 176–177
- ^ Morley 1976, p. 7
- ^ Hale 1983, p. 63; Harrington 2007, p. 5
- ^ Morley 1976, p. 7; Hale 1983, pp. 63–64
- ^ Hale 1983, p. 66; Harrington 2007, p. 6
- ^ a b Pettifer 2002, p. 18
- ^ "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015; "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ "St Catherines Castle", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015; "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015; "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015; Leland 1907, pp. 202–203; Chandler 1996, p. 43
- ^ a b "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ a b c "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015; "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ Grose 1787, p. 15
- ^ Grose 1787, p. 16
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ a b "History of St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015; "St Catherine's Castle Coastal Battery", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015; "St Catherine's Castle Coastal Battery", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ "St Catherine's Castle Coastal Battery", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
- ^ "St Catherine's Castle", England Heritage, retrieved 26 May 2015; "List Entry", Historic England, retrieved 26 May 2015
Bibliography
- Chandler, John (1996). "John Leland in the West Country". In Brayshay, Mark (ed.). Topographical Writers in South-West England. Exeter, UK: University of Exeter Press. pp. 34–49. ISBN 9780859894241.
- Grose, Francis (1787). Supplement to the Antiquities of England and Wales. Vol. 8. London, UK: S. Hooper. OCLC 861232358.
- Hale, J. R. (1983). Renaissance War Studies. London, UK: Hambledon Press. ISBN 0907628176.
- Harrington, Peter (2007). The Castles of Henry VIII. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781472803801.
- King, D. J. Cathcart (1991). The Castle in England and Wales: An Interpretative History. London, UK: Routledge Press. ISBN 9780415003506.
- Leland, John (1907). Smith, Lucy Toumlin (ed.). The Itinerary of John Leland in or About the Years 1535–1543. Vol. 1. London, UK: George Bell and Sons. OCLC 2858987.
- Morley, B. M. (1976). Henry VIII and the Development of Coastal Defence. London, UK: Her Majesty's Stationery Office. ISBN 0116707771.
- Pettifer, Adrian (2002). English Castles: A Guide by Counties. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell Press. ISBN 978-0-85115-782-5.
- Thompson, M. W. (1987). The Decline of the Castle. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 1854226088.