St Nicholas Hospital, St Andrews

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Coordinates: 56°20′01″N 2°46′52″W / 56.33348°N 2.78123°W / 56.33348; -2.78123
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Hospital of St Nicholas at St Andrews
Monastery information
Established12th century (uncertain)
Disestablisheduncertain
Dedicated to
St Andrews
Grid referenceNO 5180 1595

St Nicholas Hospital was a

lepers
outside the town between the beach at East Sands and the old coastal route. Parts of the hospital complex have been excavated in the 20th century, with rumours of a graveyard.

Leper house and poor house

The hospital lay on the lands of

bishop of St Andrews, datable 1189 x 1195, granted the house the right to send a cart to the "muir of Crail" (King's Muir) to obtain heather.[3] Both charters survive in 16th-century confirmations to the Dominican Order, both directly and indirectly from a confirmation of 1540 (Registrum magni sigilli regum Scotorum, vol. iii no. 2032).[2] The same document reveals that St Nicholas also held the land of Peekie and a toft and croft at Lundin (between Leven and Largo).[4]

The house functioned as a home for lepers until at least March 1438. It is referred to for the last time as a leper house in a document dating to 14 March 1438, but is called a "poor house" in another document dating to 12 May.

victual was made for its poor.[5]

The hospital and its graveyard was located around the farm which became known as St Nicholas' farm (today a bed and breakfast with the dependent buildings converted into houses). The letter-book of James Haldenston, prior of St Andrews, reveals that the township was also called Liberton ("Leper toun").[1] The farmer at St Nicholas is said to have discovered 30 bodies in the vicinity of the farmhouse in the late 1950s.[6]

Modern excavations around St Nicholas farmhouse

Between November 1986 and March 1987 excavation took place in the area, prior to the construction of the East Sands Leisure Centre and

car park. It is thought that the excavation uncovered the western boundary-wall of the hospital with another building (possibly a bakery) built against the wall's east face. Medieval pottery was found, and the building appears to have been levelled in either the 14th or 15th century.[7] More of the wall was uncovered in 1993,[8] and in 1994 excavations took place along the Interceptor Sewer Pipeline (between Pipeland Cottage and St Nicholas farmhouse) after a bronze hoard and a few stone axes were found in the area.[9] Two trenches at the farm revealed animal bones, pottery fragments, and an 18th or 19th century field drain.[10]

In February and March 1997 more excavations uncovered a wall of a large building with 16th-century green-glazed pottery, along with a smaller wall, perhaps coming from 16th- or 17th-century redevelopment.[11] Further archaeological activity in 1999, in advance of the construction of a nursery south of the Leisure Centre and south-west of the 1987 area, unearthed a cobbled road and bones from four humans who lived 1530 x 1310 BC, 130 x 390 AD, 430 x 650 AD, and 530 x 660 AD.[12]

Notes

  1. ^ a b Taylor, Place-Names, p. 529
  2. ^ a b Taylor, Place-Names, p. 528
  3. ^ Taylor, Place-Names, p. 528, n. 168
  4. ^ Taylor, Place-Names, pp. 528, 529
  5. ^ a b c Cowan and Easson, Medieval Religious Houses, p. 190
  6. ^ RCAHMS, "St Andrews, St Nicholas Farm"
  7. ^ Hall, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 14; Maloney, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 31; Proudfoot, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 17
  8. ^ Maloney, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 31
  9. ^ Proudfoot, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 21 and "St Andrews Interceptor Pipeline", pp. 20–21
  10. ^ Proudfoot, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 21
  11. ^ Stronach, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 41; Toolis, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 41
  12. ^ Hall, "St Nicholas Farm", p. 48

References

56°20′01″N 2°46′52″W / 56.33348°N 2.78123°W / 56.33348; -2.78123

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