Stephen Carlton Clark
Stephen Carlton Clark | |
---|---|
Member of the New York State Assembly from Otsego County | |
In office January 1, 1910 – December 31, 1910 | |
Preceded by | Charles Smith |
Succeeded by | Chester A. Miller |
Personal details | |
Born | Cooperstown, New York, United States | August 29, 1882
Died | September 17, 1960 New York City, United States | (aged 78)
Political party | Republican |
Spouse |
Susan Vanderpoel Hun
(m. 1909) |
Relations | Edward Severin Clark (brother) Robert Sterling Clark (brother) F. Ambrose Clark (brother) |
Children | Elizabeth Clark Labouisse Stephen Carlton Clark Jr. Peter Gansevoort Clark Alfred Corning Clark Robert Vanderpoel Clark |
Parent(s) | Alfred Corning Clark Elizabeth Scriven |
Residence(s) | New York City, Cooperstown, New York |
Education | Phillips Academy |
Alma mater | Yale University Columbia Law School |
Occupation | Businessman, newspaper publisher |
Known for | Founder: Baseball Hall of Fame |
Stephen Carlton Clark (August 29, 1882 – September 17, 1960) was an American art collector, businessman, newspaper publisher and philanthropist. He founded the
Biography
Bark face was the youngest of the four sons of Alfred Corning Clark and Elizabeth Scriven. His grandfather, Edward Cabot Clark, had been Isaac Singer's lawyer and partner in the Singer Sewing Machine Company. Alfred Corning Clark inherited a 37.5% stake in the company, and invested the profits in New York City real estate. Alfred died in April 1896, leaving a $30,000,000 family trust to his widow and sons.[2]
Clark was educated at Phillips Academy (Andover), Yale University (B.A. 1903) and Columbia Law School (1907).[3]
Following his graduation from law school, Clark became a director of the Singer Manufacturing Company. He and his brother Edward built the Otesaga Hotel in Cooperstown in 1909.[4] That same year, he was elected to the New York State Assembly as a Republican from Otsego County (133rd New York State Legislature).[5]
Clark served in the U.S. Army during World War I, attaining the rank of lieutenant-colonel and was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.[5] In the 1920s, he was the owner and publisher of three Albany, New York newspapers, including the Albany Evening Journal (purchased from William Barnes Jr.).[5]
Philanthropy
Clark established cultural institutions in his home town of Cooperstown. He founded the
Clark's brother Edward founded Cooperstown's
Clark was a trustee of the Metropolitan Museum of Art from 1932 to 1945, and from 1950 to his death in 1960. He served as the Met's vice president from 1941 to 1945.[9] He was a founding trustee of the Museum of Modern Art in 1929, and served as chairman of its board of trustees from 1939 to 1946.[6] His chairmanship is remembered primarily for his unpopular 1943 firing of MoMA's founding director, Alfred H. Barr Jr.[10] He also served on the board of Roosevelt Hospital, and on numerous corporate boards.
Personal life
Clark was age 13 when his father died. After six years as a widow, his mother married Bishop
On February 20, 1909, Clark married Susan Vanderpoel Hun (1889–1967), the daughter of an Albany lawyer and a family friend since childhood.[11] Clark and his bride were honeymooning in Europe when his mother died on March 4, 1909.
Stephen and Susan Clark were the parents of five children:
- Elizabeth Clark Labouisse (1909–1945)
- Stephen Carlton Clark Jr. (1911–1992)
- Peter Gansevoort Clark (1915–1915), died in infancy.
- Alfred Corning Clark II (1916–1961)
- Robert Vanderpoel Clark (1917–1952).
Clark hired architect Frederick Sterner to design a 5-story Jacobean Revival city house at 46 East 70th Street, Manhattan. The residence was completed in 1912, and used by Clark and his family until his death. Since 1964, the building has housed The Explorers Club.[12]
In 1923 Clark and his brother Sterling entered into a famous feud that lasted until their deaths. The terms of their father's trust limited the beneficiaries to the four brothers and their issue. Sterling, who was childless and had married his long-term French mistress in 1919, sought to change the terms of the trust to make her a beneficiary.[13] Clark, the only one of the brothers who had fathered children, refused to agree to the change.[14] Sterling withdrew his quarter of the trust's assets, sold his properties in Cooperstown, and never spoke to Clark again.[15]
Stephen C. Clark died on September 17, 1960, in New York City.[1] His children became beneficiaries of the family trust upon his death. Upon the 1964 death of the last surviving brother, F. Ambrose Clark, Stephen's lone remaining living child Stephen Carlton Clark Jr. became the sole beneficiary of the trust.
Legacy
Yale University awarded Clark an honorary degree of Doctor of Humane Letters in 1957.[5]
Clark established The Clark Foundation in 1931, to support Bassett Hospital and other Cooperstown charitable institutions. The foundation currently funds local museums, libraries, community organizations and village services, supports the summer Glimmerglass Opera Festival, and provides college scholarships for area students. It also operates the Clark Sports Center in Cooperstown,[16] a vast athletic facility that is also used by the Baseball Hall of Fame for its annual induction ceremonies. In New York City, it supports education, community organizations and cultural institutions.[17] As of 2013, The Clark Foundation's assets were in excess of $600,000,000.[18]
The International House of New York's Stephen C. Clark Fund, established in 1960 by a bequest from his estate, funds scholarships and stipends for foreign students.[19]
Clark served as chairman of the board of directors of the Baseball Hall of Fame, as did his son Stephen C. Clark Jr., Jane Forbes Clark II (daughter of Stephen C. Clark Jr. and Jane Forbes Clark, née Wilbur) has served on the board since 1992, and been its chairman since 2000.[20]
-
Otesaga Hotel, Cooperstown, New York
-
National Baseball Hall of Fame, Cooperstown, New York
-
Fenimore Art Museum, Cooperstown, New York
-
Farmers' Museum, Cooperstown, New York
-
The Clark Estates offices, Cooperstown, New York
-
2019 Baseball Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony, outside Clark Sports Center
Art collection
Stephen C. Clark was an avid art collector, with voluminous holdings ranging from
Stephen C. Clark's brothers Sterling and
Stephen C. Clark bought Rembrandt's St. James the Greater (1661) about 1954, and his family loaned it to a series of museums after his death. In 2007, in the possession of The Clark Estates Inc. (overseen by granddaughter Jane Forbes Clark II), it was auctioned at Sotheby's New York for $25,800,000.[30]
Lawsuits
In May, 2009, a lawsuit was filed against Yale University regarding Vincent van Gogh's The Night Café (1888). Pierre Konowaloff, heir to the estate of his great-grandfather Ivan Morozov, alleged in the suit that the painting had been illegally taken by the Soviet government in 1920. Clark acquired it in 1933, and bequeathed it to Yale in 1960.[31] Konowaloff's suit argued that Yale should have questioned the propriety of Clark's purchase (76 years earlier), and that the court could not deem the university to be the painting's rightful owner. "Stephen C. Clark either had actual knowledge, or reasonably should have known, that Russia had no legal title to the painting when he sought to acquire it in 1933."[32]
Konowaloff filed a similar lawsuit against the Metropolitan Museum of Art, seeking the return of Paul Cézanne's 1891 portrait of his wife—a 1960 bequest by Clark to the Met. In September, 2011 the U.S. District Court in Manhattan granted the Met's motion to dismiss the suit:[33] "The Court found that Mr. Konowaloff’s claim would require it to question the validity of the Soviet Union’s taking Cézanne’s portrait of his wife as part of its nationalization of private property after the Russian Revolution, which the Court, under longstanding precedent of the 'act of state' doctrine, refused to do. Under that doctrine, the acts of a sovereign government are legitimate, official acts."[33]
-
Saint Andrew (c.1610) by Workshop of El Greco. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Portrait of de Heer Bodolphe (1643) by Frans Hals. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
Portrait of Mevrouw Bodolphe (1643) by Frans Hals. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
St. James the Greater (1661) by Rembrandt. Private collection.
-
Mrs. Anna Drummer Powell (1764) by John Singleton Copley. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
George Washington (1797) by Gilbert Stuart. Clark Art Institute.
-
Eel Spearing at Setauket (1845) by William Sidney Mount. 1942 gift to the Fenimore Art Museum.
-
Self-Portrait (c. 1855–1856) byDegas. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Rhode Island Landscape (1859) by Martin Johnson Heade. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Young Woman Reclining in a Spanish Costume (1862–63) byManet. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
A Game of Croquet (1866) by Winslow Homer. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
The Dinner Horn (1873) by Winslow Homer. Detroit Institute of Arts.
-
A Waitress at Duval's Restaurant (c. 1875) byRenoir. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Elizabeth at the Piano (1875) by Thomas Eakins. Bequest to the Addison Gallery of American Art.
-
Portrait of Marguerite-Thérèse Berard (1879) byRenoir. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
The Singer in Green (c.1884) byDegas. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art
-
Circus Sideshow (Parade de cirque) (1887–88) by Georges Seurat. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
The Night Café (1888) by Vincent van Gogh. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
Cowboys in the Badlands (1888) by Thomas Eakins. Sold by Clark through Macbeth Gallery.
-
The Forest of Arden (c. 1888–1897) by Albert Pinkham Ryder. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Portrait of Dr. D. Hayes Agnew (c. 1889) by Thomas Eakins. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
The Card Players (1890–92) byCézanne. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Portrait of Madame Cézanne (1891) by Cézanne. Bequest to the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
-
Hound and Hunter (1892) by Winslow Homer. 1947 gift to the National Gallery of Art.
-
Portrait of Maud Cook (1895) by Thomas Eakins. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
-
Portrait of Henry Augustus Rowland (1897) by Thomas Eakins. Bequest to the Addison Gallery of American Art.
-
Salutat (1898) by Thomas Eakins. Bequest to the Addison Gallery of American Art.
-
Archbishop Diomede Falconio (1905) by Thomas Eakins. 1946 gift to the National Gallery of Art.
-
Standing Woman (1910) by Wilhelm Lehmbruck. Gift to the Museum of Modern Art.
-
Katherine Rosen (1921) byGeorge Wesley Bellows. Bequest to Yale University Art Gallery.
References
- ^ a b c Associated, The (1960-09-30). "CHARITY AND ART WILLED MILLIONS - Stephen Clark Bequeathed Total of $11,675,000 CHARITY AND ART WILLED MILLIONS - Front Page - NYTimes.com". Select.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ^ "F. Ambrose Clark Dead at 83," The New York Times, February 27, 1964, p. 31.
- ^ "Stephen C. Clark," The New York Red Book, (New York: Williams Press, 1910), p. 124.
- ^ The Otesaga, Cooperstown Archived 2008-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e "Stephen C. Clark, Art Patron, Dead," (PDF) The New York Times, September 18, 1960.
- ^ a b c d Fenimore Art Museum (no date): "Stephen C. Clark Sr. – Founder of the Fenimore Art Museum and the Farmers' Museum," (PDF).
- ^ "The Bassett Community' from Friends of Bassett Healthcare Network.
- ^ Obituary: "Dr. Mary Imogene Bassett," The New York Times, October 23, 1922.
- ^ a b c "Masterpieces from Stephen C. Clark Bequest Exhibited at the Metropolitan Museum of Art," Metropolitan Museum of Art press release, October 13, 1961.
- ^ a b c Debby Applegate, "Outrageous Fortune," The New York Times, May 20, 2007.
- ^ Hudson-Mohawk Genealogical and Family Memoirs, vol. 1, p. 201.
- ^ Gray, Christopher (10 December 2000). "Streetscapes/46 East 70th Street; From Home of Dakota's Owner to Club for Explorers". The New York Times. Retrieved 25 April 2019.
- ^ Jack Buckman, Unraveling The Threads: The Life, Death and Resurrection of the Singer Sewing Machine Company, America’s First Multi-National Corporation, (Dog Ear Publishing, 2016), p. 109.
- ^ Aric Chen, "Brothers, Collectors, Antagonists," The New York Times, June 4, 2006.
- ^ ISBN 0307263479
- ^ (no author), The History of the Clark Sports Center; The First 125 Years, (PDF) from All Otsego.
- ^ The Clark Foundation - History.
- ^ a b Richard Sandomir, "Cooperstown’s Steadiest Hand Isn’t a Hall of Famer’s," The New York Times, July 24, 2015.
- ^ International House Named and Endowed Funds Archived 2005-08-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Board of Directors, from National Baseball Hall of Fame.
- ^ American Paintings Gallery, from Fenimore Art Museum.
- ^ American Folk Art Gallery, from Fenimore Art Museum.
- ^ Martha Schwendener, "Brotherly Art: The Clarks Who Collected," The New York Times, May 25, 2007.
- ^ Jean H. Lipman, "Matisse Paintings in the Stephen C. Clark Collection," Art in America, vol. 22 (October 1934), pp. 134-44.
- ^ Seated Odalisque - Provenance, from Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ The Three O'Clock Sitting - Provenance, from Metropolitan Museum of Art.
- ^ La Séance du Matin - Provenance, from Sotheby's NY.
- ^ Coffee - Provenance, from Detroit Institute of Arts.
- ^ Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute 2006 exhibition – The Clark Brothers Collect: Impressionist and Early Modern Paintings
- ^ St. James the Greater by Rembrandt, Sotheby's, January 25, 2007, Lot 74.
- ^ "Yale, French Citizen Battle Over Van Gogh Painting," Archived 2009-06-02 at the Wayback Machine The Hartford Courant, May 28, 2009.
- ^ "Topic Galleries". Courant.com. Archived from the original on 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- ^ a b Gilbert, Laura (2012-02-29). "Met Museum Is Rightful Owner Of Cezanne Portrait, Court Decides | The New York Observer". Observer.com. Retrieved 2012-03-05.
- Michael Conforti et al., The Clark Brothers Collect: Impressionist and Early Modern Paintings, exhibition catalogue (Williamstown, MA.: Sterling and Francine Clark Art Institute, 2006)