Ethnic demography of Kazakhstan
History
Kazakhstan's dominant ethnic group, the Kazakhs, traces its origin to the 15th century, when after disintegration of Golden Horde, number of Turkic and Turco-Mongol tribes united to establish the Kazakh Khanate. With a cohesive culture and a national identity, they constituted an absolute majority on the land until Russian colonization.
Russian advancement into the territory of Kazakhstan began in the late 18th century, when the Kazakhs nominally accepted Russian rule in exchange for protection against repeated attacks by the western Mongolian Kalmyks. In the 1890s, Russian peasants began to settle the fertile lands of northern Kazakhstan, causing many Kazakhs to move eastwards into Chinese territory in search of new grazing grounds.
Drastic changes during the 20th century
A big factor that greatly shaped the ethnic composition of Kazakhstan were major
By the mid 20th century, Kazakhstan was home to virtually all ethnic groups that had ever come under the Russian sphere of influence. This diverse demography stemmed from the country's central location and its historical use by Russia as a place to send colonists,
After the
Table of historic ethnic composition of Kazakhstan
Ethnicity | Year | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1897
|
1926
|
1939
|
1959
|
1970
| ||||||
Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | |
Kazakhs | 3,392,751 | 82.89% | 3,627,612 | 58.52 % | 2,327,625 | 37.84 % | 2,794,966 | 30.02 % | 4,161,164 | 32.39 % |
Russians | 454,402 | 11.1% | 1,275,055 | 20.57 % | 2,458,687 | 39.97 % | 3,974,229 | 42.69 % | 5,449,826 | 42.42 % |
Uzbeks | 29,564 | 0.72% | 129,399 | 2.09 % | 120,655 | 1.96 % | 136,570 | 1.47 % | 207,514 | 1.62 % |
Uyghurs | 55,815 | 1.36% | 62,313 | 1.01 % | 35,409 | 0.58 % | 59,840 | 0.64 % | 120,784 | 0.94 % |
Ukrainians | 79,573 | 1.94% | 860,201 | 13.88 % | 658,319 | 10.70 % | 762,131 | 8.19 % | 930,158 | 7.24 % |
Tatars | 55,984 | 1.37% | 79,758 | 1.29 % | 108,127 | 1.76 % | 191,925 | 2.06 % | 281,849 | 2.19 % |
Germans | 2,613 | 0.06% | 51,094 | 0.82 % | 92,571 | 1.50 % | 659,751 | 7.09 % | 839,649 | 6.53 % |
Turks | 68 | 523 | 0.01 % | 9,916 | 0.11 % | 18,397 | 0.14 % | |||
Azerbaijanis | 12,996 | 0.21 % | 38,362 | 0.41 % | 56,166 | 0.44 % | ||||
Koreans | 42 | 96,457 | 1.57 % | 74,019 | 0.80 % | 78,078 | 0.61 % | |||
Dungans
|
4,888 | 0.12% | 8,455 | 0.14 % | 7,415 | 0.12 % | 9,980 | 0.11 % | 1,7283 | 0.13 % |
Belarusians | 25,584 | 0.41 % | 31,614 | 0.51 % | 107,463 | 1.15 % | 197,592 | 1.54 % | ||
Tajiks | 7,666 | 0.12 % | 11,229 | 0.18 % | 80,75 | 0.09 % | 7,166 | 0.06 % | ||
Kurds | 2,387 | 0.04 % | 6,109 | 0.07 % | 12,299 | 0.10 % | ||||
Chechens | 3 | 0.00 % | 2,639 | 0.04 % | 130,232 | 1.40 % | 34,492 | 0.27 % | ||
Poles | 1,254 | 0.03% | 3,762 | 0.06 % | 54,809 | 0.89 % | 53,102 | 0.57 % | 61,335 | 0.48 % |
Kyrgyzs
|
10,200 | 5,033 | 6,810 | 9,612 | 0.07 % | |||||
Bashkirs | 2,528 | 0.06% | 841 | 0.01 % | 3,450 | 0.06 % | 8,742 | 0.09 % | 21,134 | 0.16 % |
Ingushs
|
3 | 0.00 % | 322 | 0.01 % | 47,867 | 0.51 % | 18,356 | 0.14 % | ||
Moldovans | 2,855 | 0.05 % | 2,992 | 0.05 % | 14,844 | 0.16 % | 25,711 | 0.20 % | ||
Greeks | 157 | 0.00 % | 1,374 | 0.02 % | 55,543 | 0.60 % | 39,241 | 0.31 % | ||
Mordvins | 11,911 | 0.29% | 27,244 | 0.44 % | 25,334 | 0.41 % | 25,499 | 0.27 % | 34,129 | 0.27 % |
Chuvashs
|
2,267 | 0.04 % | 6,590 | 0.11 % | 11,255 | 0.12 % | 22,690 | 0.18 % | ||
Jews | 1,651 | 0.04% | 4,499 | 0.07 % | 19,240 | 0.31 % | 28,048 | 0.30 % | 26,954 | 0.21 % |
Others | 30,591 | 0.49 % | 70,342 | 1.14 % | 10,1379 | 1.09 % | 136,606 | 1.06 % | ||
total | 4,092,934 | 6,198,469 | 6,151,102 | 9,309,847 | 12,848,573 |
Ethnicity | Year | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1979
|
1989
|
1999 | 2009 | 2023 | ||||||
Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | Population | % | |
Kazakhs | 5,289,349 | 36.02 % | 6,534,616 | 39.69 % | 7,985,039 | 53.40 % | 10,096,763 | 63.07 % | 13,965,957 | 70.65 % |
Russians | 5,991,205 | 40.80 % | 6,227,549 | 37.82 % | 4,479,620 | 29.96 % | 3,793,764 | 23.70 % | 3,000,611 | 15.18 % |
Uzbeks | 263,295 | 1.79 % | 332,017 | 2.02 % | 370,663 | 2.48 % | 456,997 | 2.85 % | 643,363 | 3.25 % |
Uyghurs | 147,943 | 1.01 % | 185,301 | 1.13 % | 210,365 | 1.41 % | 224,713 | 1.40 % | 297,138 | 1.50 % |
Ukrainians | 897,964 | 6.12 % | 896,240 | 5.44 % | 547,052 | 3.66 % | 333,031 | 2.08 % | 380,226 | 1.92 % |
Tatars | 312,626 | 2.13 % | 327,982 | 1.99 % | 248,954 | 1.66 % | 204,229 | 1.28 % | 219,153 | 1.11 % |
Germans | 900,207 | 6.13 % | 957,518 | 5.82 % | 353,441 | 2.36 % | 178,409 | 1.11 % | 225,345 | 1.14 % |
Turks | 25,820 | 0.18 % | 49,567 | 0.30 % | 75,900 | 0.51 % | 97,015 | 0.61 % | 88,505 | 0.45 % |
Azerbaijanis | 73,345 | 0.50 % | 90,083 | 0.55 % | 78,295 | 0.52 % | 85,292 | 0.53 % | 150,440 | 0.76 % |
Koreans | 91,984 | 0.63 % | 103,315 | 0.63 % | 99,665 | 0.67 % | 100,385 | 0.63 % | 119,822 | 0.61 % |
Dungans
|
22,491 | 0.15 % | 30,165 | 0.18 % | 36,945 | 0.25 % | 51,944 | 0.32 % | 81,738 | 0.41 % |
Belarusians | 181,491 | 1.24 % | 182,601 | 1.11 % | 111,927 | 0.75 % | 66,476 | 0.42 % | 75,637 | 0.38 % |
Tajiks | 19,293 | 0.13 % | 25,514 | 0.15 % | 25,657 | 0.17 % | 36,277 | 0.23 % | 53,480 | 0.27 % |
Kurds | 17,692 | 0.12 % | 25,425 | 0.15 % | 32,764 | 0.22 % | 38,325 | 0.24 % | 49,355 | 0.25 % |
Chechens | 38,256 | 0.26 % | 49,507 | 0.30 % | 31,799 | 0.21 % | 31,431 | 0.20 % | 34,330 | 0.17 % |
Poles | 61,136 | 0.42 % | 59,956 | 0.36 % | 47,297 | 0.32 % | 34,057 | 0.21 % | 34,914 | 0.18 % |
Kyrgyzs
|
9,352 | 0.06 % | 13,718 | 0.08 % | 10,925 | 0.07 % | 23,274 | 0.15 % | 36,989 | 0.19 % |
Bashkirs | 32,499 | 0.22 % | 41,847 | 0.25 % | 23,224 | 0.16 % | 17,263 | 0.11 % | 19,996 | 0.10 % |
Ingushs
|
18,337 | 0.12 % | 19,914 | 0.12 % | 16,893 | 0.11 % | 15,120 | 0.09 % | 17,749 | 0.09 % |
Moldovans | 30,256 | 0.21 % | 33,098 | 0.20 % | 19,458 | 0.13 % | 14,245 | 0.09 % | 17,055 | 0.09 % |
Greeks | 49,930 | 0.34 % | 46,746 | 0.28 % | 12,703 | 0.08 % | 8,846 | 0.06 % | 11,919 | 0.06 % |
Mordvins | 31,424 | 0.21 % | 30,036 | 0.18 % | 16,147 | 0.11 % | 8,013 | 0.05 % | 9,765 | 0.05 % |
Chuvashs
|
22,310 | 0.15 % | 22,305 | 0.14 % | 11,851 | 0.08 % | 7,301 | 0.05 % | 8,243 | 0.04 % |
Jews | 22,762 | 0.16 % | 18,492 | 0.11 % | 6,743 | 0.05 % | 3,485 | 0.02 % | 4,064 | 0.02 % |
Others | 142,668 | 0.97 % | 174,670 | 1.06 % | 99,799 | 0.67 % | 82,942 | 0.52 % | 221,013 | 1.12 % |
total | 14,684,283 | 16,464,464 | 14,953,126 | 16,009,597 | 19,766,807 |
List
Ethnic Group | Population (as of 2009) |
---|---|
Total | 16,009,597 |
Kazakh | 10,096,763 |
Russian | 3,793,764 |
Uzbek | 456,997 |
Ukrainian | 333,031 |
Uighur | 224,713 |
Tatar | 204,229 |
German | 178,409 |
Korean | 100,385 |
Turk | 97,015 |
Azeri | 85,292 |
Belarusian | 66,476 |
Dungan | 51,944 |
Kurd | 38,325 |
Tajik | 36,277 |
Polish | 34,057 |
Chechen | 31,431 |
Kyrgyz | 23,274 |
Bashkir | 17,263 |
Ingush | 15,120 |
Moldvin | 14,245 |
Armene | 13,776 |
Greek | 8,846 |
Mordvin | 8,013 |
Chuvash | 7,301 |
Udmurt | 5,824 |
Georgian | 4,990 |
Lithuanian | 4,925 |
Persian | 4,819 |
Bulgarian | 4,523 |
Marij | 4,416 |
Gipsy | 4,065 |
Jewish | 3,485 |
Lezghin | 3,481 |
Chinese | 3,424 |
Karakalpak | 2,828 |
Turkmen | 2,234 |
Balkar | 1,798 |
Indo-Pak | 1,783 |
Crimean Tatar | 1,532 |
Osset | 1,326 |
Avar | 1,202 |
Latvian | 1,123 |
Karachai | 995 |
Estonian | 986 |
Dargin | 790 |
Afghan | 659 |
Arab | 618 |
Permyak | 561 |
Karelian | 518 |
Gagauz | 493 |
Kumyk | 481 |
Albanian | 459 |
Khant | 429 |
Kalmyk | 422 |
Romanian | 421 |
American | 411 |
Lak | 382 |
Finn | 373 |
Mongol | 365 |
Maghiar | 357 |
Buriot | 346 |
Nogai | 276 |
Czech | 271 |
Udin | 247 |
Karaim | 231 |
Kabarda | 226 |
Khakass | 223 |
Tabasaran | 222 |
Altay | 221 |
Serb | 213 |
Italian | 209 |
Assyrian | 195 |
English | 191 |
Baloch | 137 |
Talysh | 132 |
Koryak | 121 |
Sakha | 119 |
Slovak | 115 |
Cherkess | 111 |
Croat | 102 |
Shor | 96 |
Agul | 94 |
Tat | 93 |
Adyghe | 87 |
Rutul | 82 |
Abkhaz | 76 |
French | 73 |
Austrian | 61 |
Livv | 49 |
Dutch | 46 |
Japanese | 46 |
Kuban | 45 |
Spanish | 41 |
Tyvin | 37 |
Viet | 35 |
Krymchak | 35 |
Vogul | 32 |
Mountain Jewish | 30 |
Abaza | 27 |
Chuvan | 25 |
Georgian Jewish | 23 |
Swede | 16 |
Komi | 15 |
Nanay | 14 |
Even | 11 |
Others | 8 |
Nenet | 7 |
Negidal | 6 |
Bukharan Jewish | 5 |
Chukchi | 5 |
Aleut | 4 |
Gilyak | 4 |
Dolgan | 3 |
Oroch | 3 |
Selkup | 2 |
Udihe | 2 |
Tsakhur | 2 |
Evenk | 2 |
Veps | 1 |
Izhor | 1 |
Ulch | 1 |
Itelmen | 0 |
Ket | 0 |
Rushani | 0 |
Sami | 0 |
Tofalar | 0 |
Ulta | 0 |
Shughnan | 0 |
Enets | 0 |
Yukaghir | 0 |
Census of 1999
Table: Ethnic composition of Kazakhstan (detailed census data)[11]
Ethnic groups | 1999 | 1989 | % change, 1989 to 1999 | % Of 1999 Pop | % Of 1989 Pop |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total population | 14,953,126 | 16,464,464 | -9.18 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
Kazakhs | 7,985,039 | 6,534,616 | 22.20 | 53.40 | 39.69 |
Russians | 4,479,618 | 6,227,549 | -28.07 | 29.95 | 37.82 |
Ukrainians | 547,052 | 896,240 | -38.96 | 3.65 | 5.44 |
Uzbeks | 370,663 | 332,017 | 11.64 | 2.47 | 2.02 |
Germans
|
353,441 | 957,518 | -63.09 | 2.36 | 5.82 |
Tatars | 248,952 | 327,982 | -24.10 | 1.66 | 1.99 |
Uyghurs
|
210,339 | 185,301 | 13.51 | 1.40 | 1.13 |
Belarusians | 111,926 | 182,601 | -38.70 | 0.74 | 1.11 |
Koreans
|
99,657 | 103,315 | -3.54 | 0.66 | 0.63 |
Turks | 75,950 | 49,567 | 23.55 | 0.50 | 0.30 |
Azerbaijanis
|
78,295 | 90,083 | -13.09 | 0.52 | 0.55 |
Poles | 47,297 | 59,956 | -21.11 | 0.31 | 0.36 |
Dungans | 36,945 | 30,165 | 22.48 | 0.24 | 0.18 |
Kurds
|
32,764 | 25,425 | 28.87 | 0.21 | 0.15 |
Chechens
|
31,799 | 49,507 | -35.77 | 0.21 | 0.30 |
Tajiks
|
25,657 | 25,514 | 0.56 | 0.17 | 0.15 |
Bashkirs | 23,224 | 41,847 | -44.50 | 0.15 | 0.25 |
Moldovans | 19,458 | 33,098 | -41.21 | 0.13 | 0.20 |
Ingush | 16,893 | 19,914 | -15.17 | 0.11 | 0.12 |
Mordvins | 16,147 | 30,036 | -46.24 | 0.10 | 0.18 |
Armenians
|
14,758 | 19,119 | -22.81 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
Greeks | 12,703 | 46,746 | -72.83 | 0.08 | 0.28 |
Kyrgyz | 10,896 | 14,112 | -22.79 | 0.07 | 0.09 |
Bulgarians | 6,915 | 10,426 | -33.68 | 0.04 | 0.06 |
Lezgins | 4,616 | 13,905 | -66.80 | 0.03 | 0.08 |
Turkmens
|
1,729 | 3,846 | -55.04 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Other | 166,342 | 203,626 | -18.31 | 1.11 | 1.24 |
No response | 1 | 119 | -99.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Total Slavic/European population 27.0% in 2009 (compared with 60.3% in 1959, 57.3% in 1970, 54.5% in 1979, 49.8% in 1989 and 39.0% in 1999).[12]
Demographic data
This section needs to be updated.(August 2023) |
Vital statistics
As explained above, the Slavic groups have been declining ever since the 1960s, due to low birth rates and high death rates. Germans are characterized by very high birth rates, but it is mostly due to the high proportion of rural population and the presence of conservative religious factions like
Table: Demographic characteristics of various ethnic groups of Kazakhstan[13]
Ethnic Group | Births | Deaths | Natural Growth | Birth Rate | Death Rate | Natural Growth | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | |
Total | 217,578 | 321,963 | 356,575 | 147,416 | 158,297 | 152,706 | 70,162 | 163,666 | 203,869 | 14.57 | 20.79 | 22.75 | 9.87 | 10.22 | 9.74 | 0.47% | 1.06% | 1.30% |
Kazakh | 142,363 | 227,002 | 254,402 | 52,337 | 61,639 | 61,397 | 90,026 | 165,363 | 193,005 | 17.77 | 24.73 | 27.06 | 6.62 | 6.82 | 6.63 | 1.12% | 1.79% | 2.04% |
Russian | 39,215 | 46,667 | 49,134 | 62,130 | 62,151 | 58,586 | -22,915 | -15,484 | -9,452 | 8.84 | 11.94 | 12.68 | 14.28 | 16.30 | 15.35 | -0.54% | -0.44% | -0.27% |
Uzbek | 9,534 | 13,398 | 15,047 | 2,224 | 2,560 | 2,828 | 7,310 | 10,838 | 12,219 | 25.54 | 30.22 | 33.02 | 6.04 | 5.91 | 6.30 | 1.95% | 2.43% | 2.67% |
Ukrainian | 5,156 | 4,936 | 5,267 | 11,426 | 11,139 | 10,506 | -6,270 | -6,203 | -5,239 | 9.56 | 11.37 | 12.37 | 21.55 | 26.33 | 25.06 | -1.20% | -1.50% | -1.27% |
Uyghur | 3,529 | 5,424 | 6,054 | 1,187 | 1,433 | 1,495 | 2,342 | 3,991 | 4,559 | 16.72 | 23.19 | 25.34 | 5.70 | 6.12 | 6.35 | 1.10% | 1.71% | 1.90% |
Tatar | 2,398 | 3,143 | 3,375 | 3,363 | 3,668 | 3,398 | -965 | -525 | -23 | 9.70 | 13.87 | 14.90 | 13.88 | 16.62 | 15.23 | 1.70% | -0.28% | -0.03% |
German | 4,765 | 4,267 | 4,810 | 3,524 | 2,606 | 2,585 | 1,241 | 1,661 | 2,225 | 13.97 | 19.28 | 21.81 | 10.49 | 12.06 | 11.90 | 0.35% | 0.72% | 0.99% |
Others | 10,411 | 15,889 | 17,424 | 8,651 | 9,283 | 9,168 | 1,760 | 6,606 | 8,256 | 13.79 | 20.45 | 22.23 | 11.66 | 12.19 | 11.87 | 0.21% | 0.83% | 1.04% |
Unknown | 207 | 1,237 | 1,062 | 2,574 | 3,818 | 2,743 | -2,367 | -2,581 | -1,681 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Inter-ethnic marriages
Most of the inter-ethnic marriages in Kazakhstan has been between various Slavic or Germanic groups (Russian – Ukrainian, German – Ukrainian, Russian – Polish or German – Russian). Inter-marriages between Turkic and European ethnic groups are increasing, but still quite rare as of 2008.
Table: Number of individuals married outside their ethnic group[13]
Ethnic Group | Males | Females | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | |
Total | 18,402 | 26,632 | 24,243 | 18,402 | 26,632 | 24,243 |
Kazakh | 2,199 | 4,981 | 4,785 | 1,542 | 4,062 | 3,874 |
Russian | 5,957 | 7,795 | 6,991 | 7,431 | 9,714 | 8,544 |
Uzbek | 240 | 714 | 657 | 200 | 600 | 537 |
Ukrainian | 2,717 | 3,070 | 2,555 | 2,541 | 2,858 | 2,466 |
Uighur | 269 | 658 | 655 | 224 | 530 | 525 |
Tatar | 948 | 1,682 | 1,425 | 938 | 1,651 | 1,413 |
German | 2,844 | 2,365 | 2,048 | 3,137 | 2,566 | 2,270 |
Other | 3,180 | 5,351 | 4,426 | 2,313 | 4,610 | 4,010 |
Unknown | 48 | 16 | 701 | 76 | 41 | 604 |
Mechanical population movement
Slavic and Germanic groups have been emigrating en masse since the 1960s, and the movement accelerated during the 1990s after the breakup of the Soviet Union. This has resulted in the reduction of the proportion of European ethnic groups in the population by more than half. More than 50% of the European Soviet ethnic groups have left Kazakhstan since 1989, and just 15% of the pre-1989 ethnic German population remains now in the country.
Most of the immigration has been directed towards Russia, but small numbers have been immigrating to Ukraine, Belarus and Armenia also. Before the German authorities stopped the repatriation of ethnic Germans and their non-German relatives, Germany was one of the most favored destination for all the ethnic groups. It is estimated that close to half of the 4.5 million Soviet Germans and their Slavic kin who now live in Germany are originally from Kazakhstan. Currently on average close to 2,000 ethnic Germans emigrate from Kazakhstan to ethnic German dominated areas in Russia such as Azovsky Nemetsky National District (Deutsche Nationalkreis Asowo) in Omsk Oblast and Nemetsky National District (Nationalkreis Halbstadt) in Altai Krai. Also, out of the 1.2 million Russian speaking Jews and Slavs who live in Israel, a significant portion is from Kazakhstan.
On the other hand, ethnic Kazakhs and Uzbeks have been immigrating in large numbers to Kazakhstan ever since the collapse of the USSR. These immigrants come not only from the southern Central Asian states such as Uzbekistan and Tajikistan, but also from the Kazakh dominated areas in Xinjiang and Mongolia. The Kazakh government is actively encouraging the settlement of these compatriots (known as Oralman) in Slavic dominated North and East Kazakhstan as well as the German dominated Karaganda Region, in order to dilute the minority populations there. There is also a low intensity immigration of ethnic Slavs from the less tolerant neighboring nations like Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan into Kazakhstan. An estimated 400,000 Uzbeks have migrated to Kazakhstan in recent years.[14]
Table: Data on immigration in Kazakhstan[13]
Ethnic Group | Kazakhstan | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immigrants | Emigrants | Net Immigration | ||||||||
1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
Total | 41,320 | 53,397 | 46,404 | 164,947 | 42,435 | 45,287 | -123,627 | 10,962 | 1,117 | |
Kazakh | 10,909 | 41,763 | 35,081 | 8,258 | 2,269 | 2,281 | 2,651 | 39,494 | 32,800 | |
Russian | 20,076 | 6,658 | 6,268 | 91,489 | 29,492 | 31,631 | -71,413 | -22,834 | -25,363 | |
Uzbek | 1,028 | 446 | 439 | 962 | 101 | 137 | 66 | 345 | 302 | |
Ukrainian | 2,526 | 601 | 643 | 15,315 | 3,433 | 3,676 | -12,789 | -2,832 | -3,033 | |
Uighur | 95 | 84 | 111 | 99 | 40 | 36 | -4 | 44 | 75 | |
Tatar | 1,129 | 476 | 433 | 3,971 | 995 | 1,034 | -2,842 | -519 | -601 | |
German | 1,417 | 517 | 525 | 32,921 | 2,991 | 3,146 | -31,504 | -2,474 | -2,621 | |
Other | 4,140 | 2,852 | 2,904 | 11,932 | 3,114 | 3,346 | -7,792 | -262 | -442 | |
CIS Nations | ||||||||||
Immigrants | Emigrants | Net Immigration | ||||||||
1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
Total | 39,461 | 42,613 | 31,425 | 120,240 | 39,767 | 42,908 | -80,779 | 2,846 | -11,483 | |
Kazakh | 19,796 | 32,110 | 21,222 | 7,689 | 2,082 | 2,120 | 2,432 | 30,028 | 19,102 | |
Russian | 19,796 | 6,308 | 6,033 | 81,020 | 28,657 | 30,775 | -61,224 | -22,349 | -24,742 | |
Uzbek | 1,020 | 441 | 435 | 921 | 95 | 126 | 99 | 346 | 309 | |
Ukrainian | 2,488 | 556 | 600 | 13,182 | 3,289 | 3,532 | -10,694 | -2,733 | -2,932 | |
Uighur | 94 | 73 | 99 | 78 | 29 | 31 | 16 | 44 | 68 | |
Tatar | 1,124 | 465 | 427 | 3,714 | 981 | 1,002 | -2,590 | -516 | -575 | |
German | 1,119 | 259 | 253 | 4,164 | 1,874 | 2,250 | -3,045 | -1,615 | -1,997 | |
Other | 3,699 | 2,401 | 2,356 | 9,472 | 2,760 | 3,072 | -5,773 | -359 | -716 | |
Non-CIS Nations | ||||||||||
Immigrants | Emigrants | Net Immigration | ||||||||
1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | 1999 | 2007 | 2008 | ||
Total | 1,859 | 10,784 | 14,979 | 44,707 | 2,668 | 2,379 | -42,848 | 8,116 | 12,600 | |
Kazakh | 788 | 9,653 | 13,859 | 569 | 187 | 161 | 219 | 9,466 | 13,698 | |
Russian | 280 | 350 | 235 | 10,469 | 835 | 856 | -10,189 | -485 | -621 | |
Uzbek | 8 | 5 | 4 | 41 | 6 | 11 | -33 | -1 | -7 | |
Ukrainian | 38 | 45 | 43 | 2,133 | 144 | 144 | -2,095 | -99 | -101 | |
Uyghur | 1 | 11 | 12 | 21 | 11 | 5 | -20 | 0 | 7 | |
Tatar | 5 | 11 | 6 | 257 | 14 | 32 | -252 | -3 | -26 | |
German | 298 | 258 | 272 | 28,757 | 1,117 | 896 | -28,459 | -859 | -624 | |
Other | 441 | 451 | 548 | 2,460 | 354 | 274 | -2,019 | 97 | 274 |
Religion
According to the 2009 Census data, most of the Central Asian Turkics are Muslims and Slavs are Orthodox (although more than 1% of Russians are Muslim), while Koreans are mixed between various different faiths including Christianity, Buddhism, Atheism, and Islam :[15]
Ethnic Groups | Islam | Christianity | Judaism | Buddhism | Other | Atheism | NA |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 60.20% | 36.32% | 0.03% | 0.09% | 0.02% | 2.82% | 0.51% |
Kazakhs | 88.22% | 10.39% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.98% | 0.26% |
Russians | 1.43% | 91.64% | 0.04% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 6.09% | 0.75% |
Uzbeks | 99.05% | 0.39% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.37% | 0.16% |
Ukrainians | 0.94% | 90.74% | 0.03% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 7.31% | 0.94% |
Uyghurs | 98.35% | 0.51% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.61% | 0.47% |
Tatars | 79.57% | 10.24% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 0.06% | 8.11% | 1.97% |
Germans | 1.58% | 81.59% | 0.05% | 0.04% | 0.11% | 13.96% | 2.68% |
Koreans | 5.24% | 49.35% | 0.21% | 11.40% | 0.14% | 28.51% | 5.16% |
Turks | 99.13% | 0.30% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.33% | 0.21% |
Azerbaijanis | 94.81% | 2.51% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.03% | 1.86% | 0.76% |
Belarusians | 0.79% | 90.16% | 0.04% | 0.01% | 0.03% | 7.82% | 1.15% |
Dungans | 98.93% | 0.37% | 0.01% | 0.03% | 0.04% | 0.34% | 0.28% |
Kurds | 98.28% | 0.53% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.74% | 0.38% |
Tajiks | 97.78% | 0.91% | 0.01% | 0.02% | 0.08% | 0.85% | 0.35% |
Poles | 0.69% | 90.07% | 0.04% | 0.01% | 0.13% | 7.30% | 1.76% |
Chechens | 93.69% | 2.99% | 0.02% | 0.01% | 0.05% | 2.08% | 1.16% |
Kirghiz | 96.67% | 0.89% | 0.03% | 0.03% | 0.02% | 1.51% | 0.86% |
Others | 34.69% | 52.32% | 0.82% | 0.91% | 0.13% | 8.44% | 2.69% |
See also
- Demographics of Kazakhstan
- Assembly of People of Kazakhstan
- Russians in Kazakhstan
- Ukrainians in Kazakhstan
- Germans in Kazakhstan
- Poles in Kazakhstan
- Greeks in Kazakhstan
- Koreans in Kazakhstan
- Uyghurs in Kazakhstan
- Chinese in Kazakhstan
- Turks in Kazakhstan
- Kurds in Kazakhstan
- Armenians in Kazakhstan
- Azerbaijanis in Kazakhstan
- Tatars of Kazakhstan
- Bulgarians in Kazakhstan
- Romanians in Kazakhstan
References
- ^ "Ethnic Demography of Kazakhstan 2023".
- ^ "stat.gov.kz". stat.gov.kz. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
- ^ РЫСКОЖА, Болат (25 January 2012). "Во время голода в Казахстане погибло 40 процентов населения". Радио Азаттык. Retrieved 15 April 2023 – via rus.azattyq.org.
- ^ a b Russian Empire Census: Central Asia by uezd
- ^ a b Encarta-encyclopedie Winkler Prins (1993–2002) s.v. "Kazachstan. §2.1 Samenstelling". Microsoft Corporation/Het Spectrum.
- ^ https://www.the-athenian.com/site/1990/04/01/the-pontian-greeks-of-kazakhstan/
- ISBN 978-0-313-30965-6
- ^ Demographic situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2006, Agency on Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Internet Archive v. 11 October 2007) (in Russian)
- ^ "Итоги переписи населения Республики Казахстан 2009 года". Archived from the original on June 28, 2010. Retrieved June 1, 2010.
- ^ The population of the Republic of Kazakhstan by individual ethnic groups at the beginning of 2022 Archived 2022-07-27 at the Wayback Machine, Committee on Statistics of the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan (in Russian)
- ^ Ethnodemographic situation in Kazakhstan Archived 2003-04-16 at the Wayback Machine on ide.go.jp (unidentified source)
- ^ Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights: data for 1959-1999 (Internet Archive v. 27 November 2007)
- ^ a b c "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 5, 2010. Retrieved March 23, 2010.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ Central Asian Immigration: Steppe Change The Economist. 22 March 2007
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 11, 2011. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)