Thiostannate

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Sulfidostannates, or thiostannates are chemical compounds containing

anions composed of tin linked with sulfur. They can be considered as stannates with sulfur substituting for oxygen. Related compounds include the thiosilicates, and thiogermanates, and by varying the chalcogen: selenostannates, and tellurostannates. Oxothiostannates have oxygen in addition to sulfur.[1]
Thiostannates can be classed as chalcogenidometalates, thiometallates, chalcogenidotetrelates, thiotetrelates, and chalcogenidostannates. Tin is almost always in the +4 oxidation state in thiostannates, although a couple of mixed sulfides in the +2 state are known,

Some thiostannate minerals are known. In nature the tin can be partly replaced by arsenic, germanium, antimony or indium. Many thiostannate minerals contain copper, silver or lead. In the field of mineralogy, these compound can be termed sulfostannates or sulphostannates.

Different cluster anions are known: [SnS4]4–, [SnS3]2–, [Sn2S5]2–, [Sn2S6]4–, [Sn2S7]6–, [Sn2S8]2–, [Sn3S7]2–, [Sn4S9]2–, [Sn5S12]4–, or [Sn4S10]4–.[2]

The number of sulfur atoms coordinated around the tin atom is most commonly four. However there are also complexes with five or six sulfur atoms surrounding the tin. The behaviour for selenium and tellurium differs as only five selenium or four tellurium atoms can bind to a tin atom. The smaller germanium atom can only accommodate four sulfur atoms. For lead it is hard for it to be in the +4 oxidation state. The SnSn polyhedrons can be standalone in strongly alkaline conditions, or at higher concentrations or less alkaline can condense together. Polyhedra shapes are

trigonal bipyramid for five, and octahedron for six sulfur atoms. The polyhedra can be connected at a vertex (corner), or at an edge. Where connected at an edge, four membered rings of -SnSSnS- with internal angles close to 90°.[3] [Sn2S7]6– is corner bridged. Tetrahedra linked by at the corner by a disulfur bridge are unknown.[3]

Sn10O4S208- is a supertetrahedron made from 1, 3 and 6 tin atoms connected by oxygen on the interior and sulfur on the surface.[3]

For anions with formula SnxSy the condensation ratio c is given by x⁄y. It can vary from 1⁄4 to just below 1/2.[3]

Synthesis

The first human production of a thiostannate heated tin oxide with sodium carbonate and sulfur:[4]

2SnO2 + 2Na2CO3 + 9S → 2Na2SnS3 + 2CO2 + 3SO2

Transition metal complexes may be prepared by crystallisation from the ligand solvent.[4]

Copper(II) is normally reduced by sulfide S2- in thiostannates to copper(I).[5]

Anions

formula name coordination dimensionality description
[SnS4]4− 4 0 tetrahedra
[Sn2S6]4− bis(μ-sulfido)-tetrathiolato-di-tin 4 0 edge shared
[Sn3S9]6− 1,3,5,2,4,6-trithiatristanninane-2,2,4,4,6,6-hexakis(thiolate) 4 0 6 membered ring
[Sn4S10]4- 4 0 tetrameric adamantane-like : tetrahedron of tetrahedra, 6 bridging sulfur, 4 terminal sulfur

Reactions

Some hydrates are unstable, where water reacts with the sulfide to make hydrogen sulfide gas.

List

formula system space group unit cell Å volume density comment
Li4SnS4 orthorhombic Pnma a=13.812 b=7.962 c=6.370 [6]
[Li8(H2O)29][Sn10O4S20]·2H2O triclinic P1 a = 11.232, b = 13.097, c = 23.735, α = 102.73°, β = 90.43°, γ = 93.44°, Z = 2 3399 oxothiostannate [7]
(NH4)4Sn2S6·3H2O orthorhombic P41212 a =8.56294 b =8.56294 c= 22.7703 [8]
(NH4)6Sn3S9·1.3H2O monoclinic C2 a 16.9872 b 10.54777 c 21.0871 β 108.0389° 3592.6 2.154 colourless [9]
[(CH3)3NH]2Sn3S7 [3]
[(CH3)4N]2Sn3S7·H2O [3]
[(CH3)4N]4Sn4S10 [8]
[(CH3CH2)4N]2Sn3S7 [3]
[(CH3CH2CH2)4N]2Sn4S9 [3]
[(CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N]2Sn4S9 [3]
[(CH3CH2CH2)4N][(CH3)3NH]Sn4S9 [3]
(C12H25NH3)4Sn2S6 ·2H2O [3]
[dabcoH]2Sn3S7 [3]
(Et4N)2Sn(S4)3 [3]
(Et4N)2Sn(S4)2(S6) [3]
((CH3C(NH2)2)8Sn2S6SnS4 monoclinic C 1 2/m 1 a=23.7739 b=16.0647 c=11.8936 β=99.029 Z=4 4486.1 1.702 colourless [9]
((CH3)2NH2)(NH4)SnS3 dimethylammonium ammonium orthorhombic P212121 a=5.9393 b=12.1816 c=12.4709 Z=4 902.26 2.054 colourless [9]
(DBNH)2Sn3S6 DBN=1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-ene Sn(II) and Sn(IV) [10]
(1AEP)2Sn3S7 1AEP = 1-(2-aminoethyl) piperidine orthorhombic P212121 a=13.2299 b= 22.2673 c=9.0772 Z=4 2674.1 pale yellow [11]
SnS2·en monoclinic C2/c a 15.317 b 10.443 c 12.754, β 93.62° [12]
[enH]4[Sn2S6]·en triclinic P1 a 9.8770 b 9.9340 c 15.4230, α 72.630° β 86.220° γ 81.380° [12]
Na2SnS3 R3m a=3.834 c=19.876 Z=2 253 3.43 [4][13]
Na4SnS4 tetragonal P421c a=7.837 c=6.950 427 2.64 [13]
Na4Sn2S6 [3]
Na4Sn2S6·14H2O triclinic P1 a=10.114 b=7.027 c=9.801 α=108.30 β=92.18 γ=91.11 Z=1 663 1.95 [2]
Na4SnS4·14H2O monoclinic C2/c a=8.622 b=23.534 c=11.347 β=110.53 Z=4 2156 1.82 [13]
Na4Sn3S8 [3]
Na5[SnS4]Cl·13H2O monoclinic P21/m a=8.4335 b=11.4958 c=11.5609 β=91.066 Z=2 1120.63 1.872 [2]
Na4Sn2S6·5H2O [3]
Na6Sn2S7 C2/c a=9.395 b=10.719 c=15.671 β=109.97 Z=4 1483 2.69 [13]
Mg2SnS4 orthorhombic Pnma a=12.93 b=7.52 c=6.16 Z=4 599 3.28 [13]
Na2MgSnS4 R3m a 3.7496 b 3.7496 c 19.9130 [14]
(Ph4P)2Sn(S4)3 [3]
K2SnS3 ·2H2O [3]
K2SnS3·2H2O orthorhombic Pnma a=6.429 b=15.621 c=10.569 Z=4 1061 2.06 [13]
K2Sn2S5 [3]
K2Sn3S7 ·H2O [3]
[K4(H2O)4][SnS4] [15]
Ca2SnS4 orthorhombic Pnma a=13.74 b=8.23 c=6.44 Z=4 728 2.99 [13]
[H2tepa][VIII(tepa)(μ-Sn2Q6)]2 orthorhombic Abm2 a =7.7486 b =40.410 c =16.745 [16]
Mn2SnS4 tetragonal I41/a a=7.408 c=10.41 Z=8 571 4.15 [13]
[Mn(en)3]2[Sn2S6] monoclinic C2/c a=15.138 b=10.6533 c=23.586 β=118.42 Z=4 3345.2 1.787 colourless [5][17]
[Mn(en)3]2Sn2S6·2H2O monoclinic P21/c a=10.129, b=15.746, c=11.524, β=102.36° Z=2 1795.5 1.732 [18]
[Mn(en)2]2(μ-en)[Sn2S6] triclinic a=9.0017 b=9.7735 c=10.8421 α=60.38° β=67.23° γ=70.25° 752.38 [16]
[Mn(dien)2]2Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/c a=12.48 12, b= 9.3760, c=17.7617, β=121.752°, Z=2, 1767.5 1.789 [18]
[Mn(tren)]2Sn2S6 triclinic P1 a 7.653 b 8.088 c 12.200, α 97.27° β 104.06° γ 108.80° Z=1 676.0 2.044 yellow [5][19]
[Mn(tren)(H2O)][Mn(baen)]3Mn4Sn6S20∙9H2O orthorhombic P213 a =21.404 b =21.404 c= 21.404 super tetrahedron [20]
{Mn(tepa)}2(μ-Sn2S6) tetragonal I41/a a=25.977 c=10.041 Z=8 6775 1.800 yellow [19]
{[Mn(trien)]2[SnS4]} [5]
{[Mn(C6H18N4)]2SnS4}·4H2O monoclinic P21/c a 10.8446 b 20.974 c 13.2746 β 113.487° [21]
{[Mn(phen)2]2(μ2-Sn2S6)} monoclinic P21/n a =10.8230 b=9.8940 c=24.811 β=91.356° [22]
{[Mn(phen)2]2(μ2-Sn2S6)}·phen triclinic P1 a=10.0642 b=10.6249 c=13.693, α=71.700° β=81.458° γ=84.346° [22]
{[Mn(phen)2]2[Sn2S6]}·phen·H2O phen = 1,10-phenanthroline triclinic P1 a=11.3203 b=12.1436 c=12.7586, α=113.200° β=90.908° γ=110.974° [5][22]
[Mn(phen)]2(SnS4)·H2O monoclinic C2/m a=16.146 b=19.262 c=9.938 β=124.970 Z=4 2532.6 1.928 red chain [23]
{[Mn(phen)2]2[μ-η2-η2-SnS4]2[Mn(phen)]2}·H2O triclinic P1 a=10.8703 b=12.5183 c=14.9644, α=103.381° β=108.390° γ=101.636° [22]
{[Mn(2,2′-bipy)2]2[Sn2S6]} [24]
(1,4-dabH)2MnSnS4 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutane orthorhombic Fdd2 a = 22.812, b = 24.789, c = 6.4153, Z = 8 3627.8 [25]
Li4MnSn2Se7 monoclinic Cc a=18.126 b=7.2209 c=10.740 β=93.43 Z=4 1403.2 4.132 orange [26]
Fe2SnS4 tetragonal I41/a a=7.308 c=10.338 Z=4 552 4.32 [13]
{[Fe(tepa)]2[Sn2S6]} tetragonal I41/a [5][27]
{[Fe(1,2-dach)2][Sn2S6]}·2(1,2-dachH) [5]
{[Fe(phen)2]2[Sn2S6]}·phen·H2O [5]
[Co(en)3]2[Sn2S6] orthorhombic Pbca a=15.640 b=11.564 c=18.742 Z=4 2289.7 1.779 yellow [5][17]
[Co(dien)2]2[Sn2S6] [5]
[Co2(cyclam)2Sn2S6]·2H2O [28]
[Co(tren)]2Sn2S6 monoclinic C2/c a=12.228 b=9.7528 c=23.285 β=102.90 2706.8 [5][16]
{[Co(cyclam)]2[Sn2S6]}n·2nH2O cyclam = 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane [5]
{[Co(tepa)]2[Sn2S6]} tepa=tetraethylenepentamine tetragonal I41/a a=25.742 c=9.898 6558 [5][27][16]
{[Co(phen)2]2[Sn2S6]}·phen·H2O [5]
[Co(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)3]2Sn2S6·10H2O (2amp) monoclinic P21/c a=10.1443 b=14.6124 c=18.8842 β=90.601° Z=2 2799.1 1.633 yellow [29]
[Co(trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)3]2Sn2S6·8H2O (dach) monoclinic P21/n a=12.6521 b=11.7187 c=20.4386 β=91.262° Z=2 3029.6 1.509 red [29]
Ni6SnS2 Butianite tetragonal I4/mmm a = 3.650, c = 18.141 Z=2 241.7 7.62 opaque [30]
[Ni(en)3]2[Sn2S6] [5]
[Ni(dap)3]2[Sn2S6]·2H2O dap=1,2-diaminopropane triclinic P1 a=9.9046 b=10.527 c=11.319 α =72.13° β =85.19° γ =63.63° 1004.5 [5][16]
[Ni(1,2-dach)3]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O 1,2-dach = 1,2-diaminocyclohexane [5]
[Ni(dien)2]2[Sn2S6] [5]
{[Ni(cyclen)]6[Sn6S12O2(OH)6]}·2(ClO4)·19H2O

cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane

[31]
[Ni(cyclen)(H2O)2]4[Sn10S20O4]·~13H2O [31]
{[Ni(cyclen)]6[Sn6S12O2(OH)6]}·2(ClO4)·19H2O monoclinic C2/c a=25.7223 b=15.6522 c=29.070 β=105.879 Z=4 11257 1.863 oxothiostannate [32]
[Ni(2amp)3]2[Sn2S6]·9.5H2O 2amp = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine monoclinic P21/n a=18.7021 b=14.6141 c=20.2591 β=97.696 Z=4 5487.2 1.655 purple [4]
[Ni(aepa)2]2[Sn2S6] aepa=N-2-aminoethyl-1,3-propandiamine [5]
[Ni(tren)]2Sn2S6 monoclinic C2/c a=23.371 b=8.231 c=14.274 β =107.230 Z=4 2622.6 2.127 [5][33]
[Ni(tren)2]2[Sn2S6]·8H2O orthorhombic P42/n a=26.1885 b=26.1885 c=11.1122 [5][34]
[Ni(tren)(2amp)]2[Sn2S6] triclinic P1 a =10.2878 b =11.1100 c =11.4206, α =84.740° β =84.395° γ =79.093° [5][34]
[Ni(tren)(2amp)]2[Sn2S6]·10H2O monoclinic P21/n a =12.1933 b =13.4025 c =14.8920 β= 103.090° [35]
[Ni(tren)(en)]2[Sn2S6]·2H2O monoclinic P21/n a 12.7041 b 9.8000 c 15.3989, β 108.843° [35]
[Ni(tren)(en)]2[Sn2S6]·6H2O monoclinic P21/n a 12.5580 b 9.7089 c 16.0359, β 91.827° [35]
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dach)]2[Sn2S6]·3H2O triclinic P1 a 9.8121 b 10.0080 c 12.422, α 86.38° β 79.65° γ 65.72° [35]
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dach)]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O monoclinic P21/n a 10.7119 b 19.0797 c 11.1005, β 104.803° [35]
{[Ni(cyclam)]2[Sn2S6]}·2H2O [5]
{[Ni(tepa)]2[Sn2S6]} monoclinic P21/n [5][27]
{[Ni(phen)2]2[Sn2S6]}·2,2′-bipy monoclinic P21/n a=10.5715 b=9.9086 c=24.9960 β=92.800 Z=2 2615.17 1.809 deep red [5][36]
{[Ni(phen)2]2Sn2S6}·4,4′-bipy·½H2O 4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine monoclinic C2/c a=18.3431 b=19.4475 c=15.0835 β=95.556 Z=4 5355.4 1.789 dark red-brown [36]
{[Ni(phen)2]2[Sn2S6]}·phen·H2O [24]
[Ni(L1)][Ni(L1)Sn2S6]n·2H2O L1 = 1,8-dimethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane monoclinic P21/c [37]
[Ni(L2)]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O L2 = 1,8-diethyl-1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane triclinic P1 [37]
[Ni(tren)(ma)(H2O)]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O ma = methylamine monoclinic P21/n a=11.1715 b=10.5384 c=15.8594 Z=2 1827.45 1.835 [33]
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dap)]2[Sn2S6]·2H2O monoclinic P21/n a=12.9264 b=10.1627 c=15.6585 Z=2 1889.8 1.799 [33]
[Ni(tren)(1,2-dap)]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O monoclinic C2/c a =14.3925 b=15.1550 c=18.9307, β=99.108° [35]
[Ni(2amp)3]2[Sn2S6]·9.5H2O 2amp = 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine monoclinic P21/n a=18.7021 b=14.6141 c=20.2591 Z=4 5487.23 1.655 purple [4]
Cu2SnS3 Mohite monoclinic a=23.10 b=6.25 c=6.25 β=101.0° 4.69 greenish grey [13][38]
Cu3SnS4 Kuramite tetragonal I42m a = 5.445, c = 10.75, Z = 2 318.72 4.56 [39]
Cu4SnS4 orthorhombic Pnma a=13.70 b=7.750 c=6.454 Z=4 685 4.96 [13]
Cu4SnS6 Erazoite rhombohedral R3m a = 3.739, c = 32.941, Z = 2 4.53 black [40]
Cu4Sn7S16 monoclinic a=12.75 b=7.34 c=12.71 β=109.5 Z=2 1121 4.74 [13]
(DBUH)CuSnS3 DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene monoclinic P21/n a=9.254 b=8.6190 c=18.135, β=92.80° [41]
(1,4-dabH2)Cu2SnS4 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutane tetragonal P42/n a=14.539 c=11.478 [42]
(enH)6Cu40Sn15S60 en=ethylenediamine cubic Pn3n a=25.260 Z=4 16119 2.727 black [43]
(enH)3Cu7Sn4S12 trigonal R3c a=13.532 c=28.933 Z=6 4588 3.23 red [43]
[H2en]2[Cu8Sn3S12] [5]
(trenH3)Cu7Sn4S12 tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine) trigonal R3c a=13.1059 c=29.347 Z=6 4365.4 3.317 [43]
[dienH2][Cu2Sn2S6] [5]
[DBUH][CuSnS3] DBU = 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene [5]
[1,4-dabH2][Cu2SnS4] [5]
{[Cu(cyclam)]2[Sn2S6]}·2H2O cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane triclinic P1 a=9.0580 b=9.9419 c=10.2352, α=97.068° β=94.314° γ=101.514° [5]
(DBNH)2Cu6Sn2S8 DBN=1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-7-ene [10]
[Co(2-(aminomethyl)pyridine)3]2 Sn2S6·10H2O monoclinic P21/c a=10.1443 b=14.6124 c=18.8842 β=90.601° Z=2 2799.1 1.633 yellow; unstable [44]
[Co(trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane)3]2Sn2S6·8H2O monoclinic P21/n a=12.6521 b=11.7187 c=20.4386 β=91.262° Z=2 3029.6 1.509 red [44]
Na4Cu32Sn12S48·4H2O cubic Fm3c a = 17.921 z = 13 black; absorption edge 2.0 eV [45]
CuAlSnS4 cubic a=10.28 Z=8 1074 4.17 [13]
K11Cu32Sn12S48·4H2O cubic Fm3c a = 18.0559 z = 14.75 black; absorption edge 1.9 eV [45]
Cu2MnSnS4 tetragonal a=5.49 c=10.72 Z=2 323 4.41 [13]
Cu2FeSnS4 Stannite Ferrokësterite tetragonal I42m a = 5.4432, c = 10.7299 Z=2 317.91 grey [46]
Cu2FeSn3S8 tetragonal I41/a a=7.29 c=10.31 Z=2 548 4.82 [13]
Cu6Fe2SnS8 Mawsonite Tetragonal P4m2 a = 7.603, c = 5.358 Z=1 309 4.65 brownish orange [47]
Cu6FeSn2S8 Chatkalite Tetragonal P4m2 a = 7.61, c = 5.373 Z=1 311.1 5.00 [48]
Cu2CoSnS4 Tetragonal I42m a=5.402 c=10.805 Z=2 315 4.56 [13]
Cu2NiSnS4 a=5.425 Z=1 160 4.49 [13]
Cu13VSn3S16 Nekrasovite isometric a=10.73 1,235 brown [49]
[Zn(en)3]2[Sn2S6] orthorhombic Pbca a=15.452 b=11.524 c=18.614 Z=4 3315.3 1.845 colourless [5][17]
{Zn(tren)}2(μ-Sn2S6) monoclinic C2/c a 12.214 b 9.726 c 23.209 β 102.732° 2689.3 2.107 light yellow [19][50]
Cu2ZnSnS4
Kësterite
 tetragonal I4 a = 5.427, c = 10.871 Z=2 320.18 4.55 greenish black [51]
Cu6+Cu22+(Fe2+,Zn)3Sn2S12 Stannoidite orthorhombic a = 10.76, b = 5.4, c = 16.09 934.9 4.68 brass [52]
Cu3(V,Ge,Sn)S4 Ge-Sn-Sulvanite 361 [53]
SnGeS3 Stangersite monoclinic P21/b a = 7.270, b = 10.197, c = 6.846 β = 105.34° Z=4 489 3.98 orange
Rb4SnS4 [3]
Rb4Sn2S6 [3]
Rb2Sn3S7·2H2O [3]
Rb2Cu2SnS4 orthorhombic Ibam a=5.528 b=11.418 c=13.700 Z=4 865 4.185 band gap 2.08 eV [54]
Rb2Cu2Sn2S6 monoclinic C2/c a=11.026 b=11.019 c=20.299 β=97.79 Z=8 2444 3.956 band gap 1.44 eV [54]
Rb2ZnSn3S8 [55]
[Rb4(H2O)4][SnS4] [15]
Sr3MnSn2S8 cubic I43d a = 14.2287 Z = 8 2880.7 3.743 dark green [56]
Cu2SrSnS4 trigonal P31 a = 6.29, c = 15.57 Z=3 534 4.31 [57][13]
Sr6Cu4Sn4S16 cubic I43d a=13.982 2734 4.295 yellow [58]
Sr6Cu2FeSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.1349 band gap 1.53 eV [59]
SrSnS3 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.264 b=3.867 c=14.116 Z=4 451 4.45 [13]
[Y2(dien)4(μ-OH)2]Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/n a=11.854 b=11.449 c=13.803 β=97.978 Z=2 1855 1.888 light yellow [60]
α-Ag8SnS6 cubic a=21.43 9842 [13]
β-Ag8SnS6 cubic a=10.85 1277 [13]
Ag8SnS6 Canfieldite orthorhombic a = 15.298, b = 7.548, c = 10.699 Z=4 1,235.4 6.311 metallic [61]
Na3AgSnS4 monoclinic P21/c a 8.109 b 6.483 c 15.941, α 90° β 103.713 double chain [62]
AgCrSnS4 cubic a=10.74 Z=8 1239 4.92 [13]
Ag2MnSnS4 – Agmantinite orthorhombic a = 6.632, b = 6.922, c = 8.156 Z=2 4.574 orange [63]
Ag2ZnSnS4 Pirquitasite tetragonal I4 a = 5.78, c = 10.82 361 black [64]
Ag2(Fe2+,Zn)SnS4 Hocartite tetragonal I42m a = 5.74, c = 10.96 Z=2 361 4.77 brownish grey [65]
Ag1+(Fe2+0.5Sn4+1.5)S4 Toyohaite tetragonal grey [66]
[enH][Cu2AgSnS4] orthorhombic Pnma a=19.7256 b=7.8544 c= 6.5083 Z=4 1008.3 3.577 red [67]
Ag2SrSnS4 orthorhombic a=7.127 b=8.117 c=6.854 Z=2 397 5.02 [13]
Sr6Ag4Sn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.2219 Z=4 2876.6 4.491 yellow [58]
Sr6Ag2FeSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.2766 band gap 1.87 eV [59]
[1,4-dabH2][Ag2SnS4] 1,4-dab = 1,4-diaminobutane tetragonal P42/n a = 14.7847, c = 11.9087, Z = 8 2603.1 [5][68]
[H2en][Ag2SnS4] [5]
[CH3NH3]2Ag4SnIV2SnIIS8 orthorhombic Pnma a =19.378 b =7.390 c =13.683 Z=4 1959 3.756 Orange Sn(II) [69]
[CH3NH3]6Ag12Sn6S21 monoclinic P21/c a =18.8646 b =19.9115 c =14.3125 β 100.117° [70]
[(Me)2NH2]3[Ag5Sn4Se12] tetragonal P421m a=13.998 c=8.685 Z=2 1701.9 4.403 dark red [71]
[enH][Cu2AgSnS4] [5]
Cu2CdSnS4 I42m a=5.402 c=10.86 Z=2 338 4.77 [13]
Ag2CdSnS4 Cmc21 a=4.111 b=7.038 c=6.685 Z=1 193 4.95 [13]
Cu2(Cd,Zn,Fe)SnS4 Černýite tetragonal I42m a = 5.48, c = 10.828 Z=4 326 4.76 metallic [72]
CuInSnS4 a=10.50 Z=8 1158 4.91 [13]
AgInSnS4 a=10.16 Z=8 1048 4.59 [13]
(Cu,Fe,Zn,Ag)3(Sn,In)S4 Petrukite orthorhombic a = 7.66, b = 6.43, c = 6.26 308 brown [73]
(Cu,Zn,Fe)3(In,Sn)S4 Sakuraiite isometric a = 5.46 Z=1 162 greenish grey [74]
Sn2S3 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.864 b=3.7471 c=14.020 Z=4 466 4.76 [13]
Cs4SnS4 0d [3]
Cs2Sn3S7 ·0.5S8 2d [3]
Cs4Sn5S12·2H2O 2d [3]
[Cs4(H2O)3][SnS4] [15]
Cs2Sn(S4)2(S6) [3]
Cs8Sn10O4S20·13H2O [3]
[Cs10(H2O)18][Mn4(μ4-S)(SnS4)4] [15]
Cs2ZnSn3S8 monoclinic P21/n a 7.5366 b 17.6947 c 12.4976, β=94.830° Z=4 1660.7 3.775 layered, band gap 3. eV [55]
[Ba2(H2O)11][SnS4] [15]
Li2Ba6MnSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.6080 Z=4 3117.3 4.007 light yellow [42]
Ag2Ba6MnSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.7064 Z=4 3180.7 4.349 yellow [42]
Ag2BaSnS4 orthorhombic I222 a =7.127 b =8.117 c =6.854 Z=2 black [75]
Ba3Ag2Sn2S8 [76]
BaSnS2 Sn(II) [77]
BaSn2S3 Sn(II) [77]
BaSnS3 orthorhombic Pnma a=8.527 b=3.933 c=14.515 Z=4 487 4.8 [13]
BaSnS3 monoclinic C2/c Cc a=24.49 b=6.354 c=23.09 β=90.15 Z=28 3593 4.55 [13]
α-Ba2SnS4 monoclinic P21/c a=8.481 b=8.526 c=12.280 β=112.97 Z=4 818 4.24 [13]
β-Ba2SnS4 orthorhombic Pnma a=17.823 b=7.359 c=12.613 1654 4.18 [13]
Ba3Sn2S7 monoclinic P21/c a=11.073 b=6.771 c=18.703 β=100.77 Z=4 1378 4.21 [13]
K2BaSnS4 R3c a 25.419 c 7.497 band gap 3.09 eV; SHG 0.5×AgGaS2 [78]
Ba6Cu2FeSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.5260 band gap 1.2 eV [59]
Ba6Cu2NiSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.511 band gap 0.82 eV [59]
Ba6Li2ZnSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.5924 [79]
Ba6Ag2ZnSn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.6839 [79]
BaCdSnS4 orthorhombic Fdd2 a=21.57 b=21.76 c=13.110 Z=32 6152 4.290 yellow [80]
Ba3CdSn2S8 cubic I43d a=14.723 [81]
Ba6CdAg2Sn4S16 cubic I43d a=14.725 [81]
La2SnS5 orthorhombic Pbam a=11.22 b=7.915 c=3.97 Z=2 352 5.26 [13]
[La(dien)3]2[Sn2S6]Cl2 band gap 3.25 eV [82]
La(peha)(μ–SnS4H) peha=pentaethylenehexamine triclinic P1 a 8.609 b 9.327 c 14.649, α 79.2° β 85.5° γ 63.74° [83]
BaCeSn2S6 orthorhombic Pmc21 a 4.0665 b 19.859 c 11.873 [84]
BaPrSn2S6 orthorhombic Pmc21 a 4.0478 b 19.8914 c 11.9303 [84]
BaNdSn2S6 orthorhombic Pmc21 a 4.0098 b 19.761 c 11.841 [84]
[Nd2(en)6(μ2-OH)2]Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/n a =10.176, b =11.387, c=15.018, β =97.869° [85]
Nd(peha)(μ–SnS4H) triclinic P1 a 8.621 b 9.372 c 14.656, α 78.28° β 84.33° γ 63.32° [83]
{Nd(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2O tepa=tetraethylenepentamine monoclinic C2/c a=21.537 b=12.863 c=17.697 β=124.308° [83]
[Nd(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)Cl2] dien = diethylenetriamine monoclinic P21/n a = 11.672, b = 15.119, c = 14.157, β = 96.213°, Z = 4 2483.6 [86]
[Nd(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)(SH)2] monoclinic P21/n a = 11.719, b = 15.217, c = 14.221, β = 95.775°, Z = 4 2523.1 [86]
(tetaH)2[Eu2(teta)2(tren)2(μ-Sn2S6)]Sn2S6 triclinic P1 a=9.886 b=10.371 c=17.442 α=89.78 β=88.00 γ=85.14 Z=1 1780.8 1.898 light yellow [60]
[Eu2(tepa)2(μ-OH)2(μ-Sn2S6)](tepa)0.5·H2O tepa = tetraethylene-pentamine monoclinic C2/c a=19.803 b=14.998 c=17.800 β=126.57 Z=4 4246 1.970 colourless [60]
[{Eu(en)3}2(μ-OH)2]Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/n a = 10.116, b = 11.379, c = 14.949, β = 98.209°, Z=2 1703.1 [87]
[{Eu(en)3}2(μ-OH)2]Sn2Se6 monoclinic P21/n a = 10.136, b = 11.771, c = 15.423, β = 99.322°, Z = 2 1815.8 [87]
[Eu(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)(SH)2] monoclinic P21/n a = 11.656, b = 15.168, c = 14.173, β = 95.682°, Z = 2 2493.4 [87]
(tetaH)2[Sm2(teta)2(tren)2(μ-Sn2S6)]Sn2S6 triclinic P1 a=9.920 b=10.382 c=17.520 α=89.91 β=88.07 γ=85.23 Z=1 1797.1 1.877 light yellow [60]
{Sm(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2O monoclinic C2/c a 21.487 b 12.8199 c 17.716 β 124.675° [83]
[Sm2(en)6(μ 2-OH)2]Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/n a 10.129 b 11.377 c 14.962, β 98.128° [88]
[Sm(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)Cl2] monoclinic P21/n a 11.631 b 15.091 c 14.1420 β 96.202° [88]
[Sm(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)(SH)2] monoclinic P21/n a 11.698 b 15.212 c 14.219, β 95.654° [88]
[Sm(trien)(tren)(Cl)]2Sn2S6 · en triclinic P1 a 10.320 b 10.491 c 13.791, α 100.524° β 91.930° γ 119.083° [88]
{Gd(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2O monoclinic C2/c a 21.455 b 12.804 c 17.735 β 124.81° [83]
[Gd2(en)6(μ2-OH)2]Sn2S6 monoclinic P21/n a =10.1053 b =11.357 c =14.924, β = 98.346° [85]
[Gd(dien)3]2[(Sn2S6)Cl2] dien = diethylenetriamine monoclinic P21/n a =11.662, b =15.168. c 14.185, β =95.696° [85]
{Dy(tepa)(μ–OH)}2(μ–Sn2S6)]·H2O monoclinic C2/c a 21.363 b 12.717 c 17.654 β 124.915° [83]
[Hen]2[La(en)4(CuSn3S9)]⋅0.5 en [89]
[Hen]2[Ce(en)4(CuSn3S9)]⋅0.5 en [89]
[Hen]4[Nd(en)4]2[Cu6Sn6S20]⋅3 en [89]
[enH]4[Sm(en)4]2[Cu6Sn6S20]·3en monoclinic C2/m a 14.257 b 24.242 c 13.119 β 92.223° [90]
[Hen]4[Gd(en)4]2[Cu6Sn6S20]⋅3 en [89]
[enH]4[Ho(en)4]2[Cu6Sn6S20]·3en monoclinic C2/m a 14.3859 b 24.361 c 13.175, β 93.526° [90]
EuCu2SnS4 orthorhombic Ama2 a=10.4793, b=10.3610, c=6.4015, Z=4 [91][92]
[Hen]4[Er(en)4]2[Cu6Sn6S20]⋅3 en [89]
[Hen]4[Er(en)4]2[Ag6Sn6S20]·3en monoclinic C2/m a 14.557 b 24.397 c 13.412 β 94.42° [93]
[Hen]4[Tm(en)4]2[Ag6Sn6S20]·3en monoclinic C2/m a 14.517 b 24.380 c 13.422 β 94.46° [93]
[Hen]4[Yb(en)4]2[Ag6Sn6S20]·3en monoclinic C2/m a 14.536 b 24.397 c 13.397, β 94.63° [93]
Cu6SnWS8 Kiddcreekite isometric F43m a = 10.8178 Z=4 1265.9 4.934 grey [94]
PtSnS Bowlesite orthorhombic Pca21 a = 6.12 Å, b = 6.12 Å, c = 6.10 Å Z=4 228.47 10.06 metallic [95]
(Pd,Pt)5(Cu,Fe)4SnTe2S2 Oulankaite tetragonal a = 9.044, c = 4.937 Z=2 403.8 10.27 metallic
K2Au2SnS4 triclinic P1 a=8.212 b=11.019 c=7.314 α=97.82° β=111.72° γ=72.00° Z=2 483.2 4.941 band gap 2.75 eV [96][54]
K2Au2Sn2S6 tetragonal P4/mmc a=7.968 c=19.200 Z=4 1219 4.914 band gap 2.30 eV [96][54]
Cs2Au2SnS4 orthorhombic Fddd a = 6.143 b = 14.296 c = 24.578 Z = 4 2158.4 [96]
Ba[Au2SnS4] orthorhombic C2221 a=6.6387 b=11.0605 c=10.9676 Z=1 805.32 6.418 red; blue-green luminescent [96]
K2Hg3Sn2S8 [97]
Cu2HgSnS4 Velikite tetrahedral I42m a = 5.55, c = 10.91 336 5.450 dark grey [98]
SrHgSnSe4 [99]
BaHgSnSe4 orthorhombic Fdd2 a 22.441 b 22.760 c 13.579 [99]
EuHgSnS4 Ama2 a=10.3730 b=10.4380 c=6.5680 SHG 1.77×AgGaS2 [100]
Tl4SnS4 0d
Tl2SnS3 1d
Tl2Sn2S5 3d
Tl4Sn5S12 3d
PbSnS2 Teallite orthorhombic Pnma a = 4.26, b = 11.41, c = 4.09 198.8 6.36 metallic
PbSnS3 Suredaite orthorhombic Pnma a=8.738 b=3.792 c=14.052 Z=4 466 6.01 metallic [13]
(Pb,Sn)12.5Sn5FeAs3S28 Coiraite monoclinic a = 5.84, b = 5.86, c = 17.32 β = 94.14° Z=4 591 5.92 dark grey [101]
Fe2+(Pb,Sn2+)6Sn4+2Sb2S14 Franckeite triclinic P1 a = 46.9, b = 5.82, c = 17.3 α = 90°, β = 94.66°, γ = 90° Z=8 4701 5.90 black [102]
Pb25.7Sn8.3Mn3.4Sb6.4S56.2 Ramosite monoclinic a = 5.82, b = 5.92, c = 17.65 β = 99.1° 600 [103]
Pb3Sn4FeSb2S14 Cylindrite triclinic P1 5.46 black [104]
Pb6Sn3FeSb3S16 Potosíite triclinic grey
(Pb,Ag)4Sn4FeSb2S15 Incaite monoclinic [105]
Pb2Fe2Sn2Sb2S11 Plumbostannite dark grey [106]
Ba5Pb2Sn3S13 orthorhombic Pnma [107]
Pb2SnInBiS7 Abramovite triclinic P1 a = 23.4, b = 5.77, c = 5.83 α = 89.1°, β = 89.9°, γ = 91.5° 786.79 metallic [108]
Pb8Sn7Cu3(Bi,Sb)3S28 Lévyclaudite triclinic P1 5.71 grey [109]

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